Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide
ATP releases energy when
A phosphate is removed
Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for Cell activities
ATP
Identify which of the following statements is not true
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
Active site
Which of these words it does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient
Active transport
Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy
An Apple made up of energy rich macromolecules
Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind this is possible because
And enzyme binds one specific substrate
Pickles are often preserved in a 20 to 30% salt solution called brine how does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms
Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water
Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following is an example of osmosis
Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine
Which of the following statements describes the correct play with energy conversions through living systems
Chloroplast convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules
Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across the cell membrane include all of the following except
Color
Because it is a passive process, which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead
Diffision
Which form of passive transport a well small molecules, such as oxygen, across the cell membrane
Diffusion
Which of the following terms best describes entropy
Disorder
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
Does not require energy from the cell
Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes
Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product
When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics
Energy can be changed from one form to another
Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
When neurons release the neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing With the plasma membrane there by emptying the contents Into an area that can stimulate some response what type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms And then surfaces on the cells plasma membrane
Exocytosis
Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in
Facilitated diffusion
What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions
Feedback inhibition
Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell
Feedback inhibition
Intestinal cells absorb glucose via Facilitated defusion what would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed
Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase
A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of water pills to help her lose weight her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she's complaining of a headache the physician on call asked for an IV treatment to be promptly administered based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient
Hypotonic
Simple diffusion of molecules occurs
In nonliving systems as well as living systems
The changing of an enzyme shape as the substrate binds to the activity site is called the
Induced fit model
Energy of activation
Is the energy required for molecules to react with each other
When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called
Isotonic
ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because
It's breakdown is coupled with energy requiring reaction
Which energy association is correct
Kinetic energy is energy of motion
Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by
Lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed
Where within the cell is ATP produced
Mitochondria
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics
One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form
Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration
Oxygen
Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP
Passive transport
A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cells this process is called
Phagocytosis
The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3% the concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1% how could the cell obtain more calcium
Pinocytisis
The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a
Plasmolyzed plant cell
Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule
Receptor mediated endocytosis
If what cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the Cell's will
Shrink do you to water loss by the Cell
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy how can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose, which is more ordered
Solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose
Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere
Solar energy-chloroplast-mitochondria
Which of the following is not an example of osmosis
Sugar in coffee dissolve
Which of the following is not a type of potential energy
The energy of a ball rolling down a hill
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy how does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism
The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy
Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme
The enzyme altars in shape to more closely fit the substrate
Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, wall so you loose is indigestible the starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bond in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring how can you explain humans inability to digest cellulose
The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring
Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction
The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP
What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution
The presence of a cell wall
What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season
The salt has the risk of leaching into the ground in creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells
When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant this can be accounted for by which of the following statements
The water create a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water
The second law of thermodynamics states at all energy transformations result in more disordered Energy how do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live
They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste
In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind
To the enzyme of the first reaction
Less energy is needed to bring a bout a reaction when an enzyme is present
True