Biology EOC Prep
Which science is the study of living organisms?
Biology
How is E. coli like a paramecium
Both are unicellular
Which option is a balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
Which one of the following chemical formulas represents an organic molecule?
CCl2F2
The Venus flytrap is different from most other green plants because it —
Can digest insects
Organisms use sugars, also called ____________, for energy
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made up of hydrogen, oxygen, and
Carbon
Lipid molecules are made of long chains of hydrogen and
Carbon
The backbone of sugar molecules is
Carbon
What is a key element found in CO2 and glucose?
Carbon
Some complex multicellular organisms are organized at four levels to increase efficiency. What is the correct order of organization, from the simplest to the most complex?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
A rabbit gives birth to young rabbits. A plant forms new seeds. A one-celled organism divides to make another organism. Which characteristic of life do these activities demonstrate?
Reproduction
Seven characteristics of life:
Reproduction, growth, heredity, homeostasis, response to the environment, metabolism, cellular organization
A single celled organism is able to
Survive on its own
Which one of these is not an example of intracellular communication?
Reaction to pheromones
Fish are not able to regulate their body temperature by producing heat. How could a fish adjust its body temperature if it were too warm?
Swimming into cooler water
Which one of these is an example of cell division at work?
A tree grows taller
Which is not an example of someone maintaining homeostasis?
A man bleeding from a cut
Which one of these is not an example of intercellular communication?
A message is distributed across plasma membrane
Which of these examples demonstrates homeostasis?
A person's body increases blood flow to her cold feet
What is the best definition of ETS reactions?
A set of reactions that is the primary route of ATP production in cells
What is one major product of the ETS series of reactions?
ATP
What kind of factors are light, temperature, and soil composition?
Abiotic
Adenine
Adenine is an amino acid. It is a double-ringed structure containing both nitrogen and carbon. The red portions of the diagram represent adenine
Structure of an amino acid:
Adenine, Ribose, and Phosphate group.
Which of these is a biotic factor of an aquarium ecosystem?
Algae growing on the glass
Why is water necessary for living organisms?
All organisms need water to transport chemicals into their cells
What is the correct description of alcoholic fermentation?
An anaerobic process that has CO2 as a byproduct
In which kingdoms are all organisms multicellular?
Animalia and Plantae
Which of these is not classified as an organism?
Apple
Which organism is able to cause an infection?
Bacteria
Which type of organism is able to cause a contagious disease?
Bacteria
Which type of protein, embedded in the plasma membrane, passively allows molecules to move through the membrane?
Channel
All organisms need energy to function. Which cell organelle provides this energy?
Chloroplast
Which two structures would provide a positive identification of a plant cell under a microscope?
Chloroplast, large central vacuole
Suppose you use a microscope to look at a cell from the leaf of a tree. What structure will you see that would not be found in a cell from your fingernail?
Chloroplasts
Taxonomy is the study of what?
Classification of organisms
What is a dichotomous key used for?
Classifying organisms
Giant kelp has gas-filled sacs to help it float so it can _____.
Collect more sunlight
In order to obtain energy, animals must do what?
Consume food
What is an important function of mitochondria?
Converting chemical energy from glucose into chemical energy in ATP
Which of these components of a cell functions like the bones and muscles in the human body?
Cytoskeleton
How do the cell's organelles know what to do?
DNA provides the instructions
Which term best describes the expression 137 rabbits per km2?
Density
A dichotomous key is used to separate organisms into
Subgroups
Which has prokaryotic cells?
E. coli
Phosphate group
Each phosphate group contains both phosphorus and oxygen. The three bluish-purple circles of the diagram represent the phosphate groups
What is an ecological system called that consists of all of its biotic and abiotic factors?
Ecosystem
The circulatory system of organisms carries nutrients throughout that organism. Which cell structure has a similar function?
Endomembrane system
Which of the following is a domain consisting of protists, fungi, plants, and animals?
Eukarya
In order to stay healthy, what must an animal's body do?
Fight disease
Which of these is a basic need of all organisms?
Food
What do all living things need?
Food, water, air, and a place to live
How are the excited electrons from stage 1 used in stage 2 of photosynthesis?
Formation of NADPH
Where do daughter cells obtain their DNA?
From the duplicated chromosomes in the nucleus of the parent cell
Where do plants obtain their energy?
From the sun
What structural feature of cells can allow molecules to flow directly from the inside of one cell to the inside of the next?
Gap junctions
The system that Linnaeus developed classifies organisms by
Genus and Species
Which of these is not a branch of biology?
Geology
To function on their own, unicellular organisms must do what?
Get energy, maintain health, reproduce
Which structure is found in all eukaryotic cells?
Golgi apparatus
Which type of protein penetrates to the interior of the plasma membrane but does not extend all the way through it?
Integral
Which receptor type is exemplified by opening a channel to let sodium into the cell?
Ion channel-linked receptor
Which of the following is an advantage for a single-celled organism?
It can reproduce quickly
Why is diffusion important to cells?
It helps maintain the balance of materials needed for survival, such as oxygen and water
How does a salmon increase the chances of the survival of its species?
It lays thousands of eggs
How does the human body cope with an increased need for energy during exercise?
It releases sweat to cool down
Which process occurs in a human muscle when it is forced to make ATP without oxygen?
Lactic acid fermentation
What is true about the structure or function of the plasma membrane?
Large molecules often cross the plasma membrane while inside vesicle
Cells in the human eye send nerve impulses to the brain that cause the pupil to constrict. This is an example of a reaction to what kind of stimuli?
Light
The modern system of taxonomy is based on the original work of what scientist?
Linnaeus
Living organisms all contain fats that are called
Lipids
The four fundamental types of organic molecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and
Lipids
Which of these is not an organism?
Lung
Which two structures would provide a positive identification of an animal cell under a microscope?
Lysosome, flagellum
The smallest organisms found on Earth are on the order of what unit of size?
Micrometers
Which structure is also known as the "power house" of the cell?
Mitochondria
Which process separates duplicated genetic material within the nucleus of a parent cell to create two daughter cells with identical genetic material?
Mitosis
As you move down to lower levels of classification, organisms have
More in common with others in the group
What is the best description of osmosis?
Movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
The ETS reactions produce ATP from ADP using the energy provided by which two molecules?
NADH and FADH2
What is one defining feature of a prokaryotic cell?
Nucleoid
Where are the instructions that tell the cell everything it needs to survive?
Nucleolus
Which eukaryotic cell part contains directions for cell growth and reproduction?
Nucleus
Organs combine to form
Organ systems
An individual living entity is referred to as what?
Organism
Organ systems combine to form
Organisms
Tissues combine to form
Organs
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Osmosis is a kind of diffusion that involves movement of water
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Osmosis moves molecules, such as water, through a semipermeable membrane. Diffusion moves molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, through a permeable membrane
Which of the following structures would you expect to find in a single-celled organism?
Outer covering
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
Oxygen
In this equation for photosynthesis, where does the second product come from and what happens to it in the photosynthetic process? 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Oxygen is released as a gas after water is split
Which of these processes does not occur in animal cells?
Photosynthesis
Which picture illustrates the anaphase stage of mitosis?
Picture A, where spindle fibers start to pull away from the center of the cell
Why do plants need to obtain carbon atoms?
Plants use carbon to build glucose during photosynthesis
The four fundamental types of organic molecules are nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and
Proteins
Which of these is not a basic need of all organisms?
Soil
A dog may become frightened and cower when it hears loud thunder. This is an example of a reaction to what kind of stimuli?
Sound
The subgroup that comes after genus is
Species
Which of these is the lowest subgroup?
Species
Which of these would help maintain homeostasis during exercise?
Speeding up the rate of breathing
In order to reproduce, bacteria must do what?
Split into two cells
In stage 2 of photosynthesis, NADP+ becomes NADPH by adding an H+. Where does the H+ come from?
Splitting of water
Which option accurately describes the first two stages of photosynthesis?
Stage 1: Light energy causes an electron to enter an excited state. Stage 2: ADP becomes ATP and NADP+ becomes NADPH
In order for an organism to survive, it must do what?
Stay healthy
What is the change in environment called that causes an organism to take action?
Stimulus
What is the name for a change in the environment that causes an organism to change its activity?
Stimulus
Which of these fields is used to classify organisms?
Taxonomy
What would happen if a person was not able to control his or her internal temperature?
The body organs would stop functioning properly
What happens before mitosis occurs?
The cell grows and makes a copy of its genetic material
What is one difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane?
The cell wall is a rigid structure. The cell membrane is flexible
Which statement correctly describes a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?
The hydrophobic tail turns away from water, and the hydrophilic head turns toward the water
Which statement is one of the three parts of cell theory?
The smallest living things are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms
What happens when two hydrogen atoms enter the ETS as part of either NADH or FADH2?
The two hydrogen atoms are split into two H+ and two electrons
What is the best explanation for why a cell might shrivel?
The water solution in the environment surrounding the cell has a higher solute concentration than the cell
How can animals have difficulty getting energy?
There is a limited supply of food
How are bacteria, a rose, and an elephant alike?
They are all organisms made of cells
How do the cells of a multicellular organism differ from those of a unicellular organism?
They are specialized
Which of these is an advantage of multicellular organisms?
They can perform more functions Cells are able to provide support They can grow large They can form complex organ systems
Which statement is true of chloroplasts?
They convert light energy into chemical energy
What is unusual about organisms in the domain Archaea?
They live in extreme environmental conditions
Which of these is a disadvantage of multicellular organisms?
They need large amounts of energy
What is the importance of the carbon and nitrogen cycles to ecosystems?
They provide materials organisms need to build their bodies
Why are carbon and nitrogen essential for survival to all living organisms?
They provide materials organisms need to build their bodies
What is the best description of the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle?
They release the carbon that remains in the bodies of dead organisms
Ribose
This is a five-carbon sugar that attaches to adenine on one side and a phosphate group on the other. The blue five-sided pentagon on the diagram represents ribose.
What is the simplest form of cellular organization in a multicellular organism?
Tissues
Why do cells have a plasma membrane?
To separate the inside of the cell from its environment
Which of these organisms is most likely 50 meters in size?
Tree
At each step, a dichotomous key involves how many choices?
Two
What is the product of glycolysis?
Two pyruvate molecules
Which distinguishing structures of a eukaryotic cell are part of the internal membrane system?
Vesicle, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membrane
Which of these is not a response to internal stimuli?
Wearing sunglasses to protect eyes from UV rays
How is a yeast cell different from an onion skin cell?
Yeast doesn't have a cell wall. The onion skin cell has a cell wall