Biology exam 2 review pt.1
Which of the following is NOT a consumer? a lion a human an oak tree a mushroom
A oak tree
What is anaerobic fermentation?
A process that releases energy from food in the ABSENCE of oxygen
Which molecule has a higher potential energy? ADP ATP ANP NADP+
ATP
What is a possible reason for oxygen being so low at night?
Algae produces oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis during the day, also fish continue to consume oxygen during the night, further reducing the oxygen level by the end of the night
Which of the following can carry out photosynthesis? seaweeds some bacteria plants all of the above
All of the above
Best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration
Although they may obtain sugars in different ways, both rely on cellular respiration to make ATP
In a pond containing algae and fish what Processes are happening?
Both photosynthesis (by the algae) and cellular respiration (by both the algae and the fish)
Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen that you breathe?
Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain require oxygen
Chemical energy is most often released by ___?
Breaking a bond within in a molecule
Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (3GP)?
Calvin cycle
The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur within which cellular organelle?
Chloraplasts
Plastids are storage organelles. A chloroplast is a type of plastics. What does a chloroplast store?
Chlorophyll
What is a photosystem?
Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light energy
Identify principle role of cellular respiration
Convert chemical energy of sugars into chemical energy that fuels life's processes
Identify principle role of cellular photosynthesis
Convert solar energy into chemical energy of sugars
At what stage is carbon dioxide needed in photosynthesis?
During the Calvin cycle
During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produce?
Electron transport chain
Identify the stage of cellular respiration that occurs entirely OUTSIDE of the mitochondria. Citric Acid Cycle Glycolysis electron transport chain all of the above
Glycolysis
Identify the stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
How do we know green light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?
Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by chloroplasts
What is the role of light in photosynthesis?
It excites electrons
Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis.
It is a waste product in the light reactions.
What happens to the ATP molecule after it has done its work?
It loses a phosphate group and is converted into ADP
Respiration is called aerobic because ___.
It requires oxygen
What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?
No role as animals don't have chloroplasts
Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of___?
O2
In a pond containing algae and fish what is happening to the oxygen?
Oxygen is produced by the algae, and consumed by the algae and the fish.
Which stage of photosynthesis can function in the dark?
Stage 2 ( the Calvin cycle)
Name the filled interior of the chloroplast.
Stroma
The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ___.
Sugar
What molecule(s) link the light reactions (stage 1 of photosynthesis) to the Calvin cycle (stage 2)?
The electron shuttles (ATP and NADPH)
What happens during the electron transport chain of the light reactions?
The electrons release their energy, which is captured by ATP and NADPH.
Ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on the planet
The sun
What happens when entropy of a system reaches 100%?
There would be little order in the system
Where do the molecules used as the inputs of the Calvin cycles (ATP and NADPH) come from?
They come from the light reactions.
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP
True or false: heat is released in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration as a byproduct
True both release heat
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy = Sugar + Oxygen
What are the main by-products of cellular respiration?
Water and carbon dioxide
Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?
Yes, but much less than with oxygen
For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis? for cellular respiration to produce ATP for storage for making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant all of the above
all of the above
Where does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
The bulk of the mass of a plant is made from___.
the sugars made in photosynthesis, which were made from carbon dioxide
How does water enter a plant?
through the roots
