Biology II-Seedless Plants Ch 29

Select all true statements about lycophytes.

-Despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues. -In lycophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant.

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

-Higher levels of UV light on land -Less water availability in a terrestrial environment

Select all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns.

-They form antheridia and archegonia -They require free water for fertilization

In humans, gametes such as sperm and eggs are formed by the cellular process of ______ whereas land plants produce gametes by the process of ______

-meiosis -mitosis

Bryophytes are particularly common in what areas?

-moist areas of the tropics -near stream beds -damp forest floors

A fern embryo is produced when

A sperm swims to an egg

How do ferns produce haploid spores?

By meiosis in sporangia

Choose the two major groups that comprise the green algae

Chlorophytes Charophytes

All vascular plant sporophytes have a waxy ___ and pores called ___ to help prevent water loss.

Cuticle stomata

Choose the answers that describe the typical shapes of moss sporangia.

Cylindrical Club-shaped

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

Diploid embryos Multicellular sporophytes Multicellular gametophytes

Land plants evolved from

Freshwater green algae

Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants?

Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans. Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants.

Select all features of liverworts.

Gametophytes have rhizoids. They may be leafy or lobed.

Choose all places where you are likely to find mosses.

In peat bogs The tropics

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

Less water availability in a terrestrial environment Higher levels of UV light on land

In liverworts, the well-known flattened species are lobed and resemble ___ , whereas the ___ form is much more common.

Liver leafy

Select all types of leaves found in vascular plants.

Lycophylls Euphylls

In this plant life cycle ____ is occurring at the position labeled A, and _____ is occurring at B.

Meiosis fertilization

Choose all features of the alga ancestor of land plants.

Photosynthetic Lived in freshwater

Select all features of fern sporophytes.

Photosynthetic Vascular Multicellular

Select all functions of roots.

Plant support Transport of water

Select all true statements about fern gametophytes.

Rhizoids anchor them to their substrate. They contain archegonia and antheridia.

Select the three clades of vascular plants.

Seed plants Lycophytes Pterophytes

Antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?

Sperm and eggs

Select all structures produced by mosses.

Sporangia Rhizoids

Moss sporophytes typically have a slender ____ with a swollen capsule, known as the ___ , at its tip.

Stalk Sporangium

During the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first?

Stems

Select the main evolutionary innovation that helped the tracheophytes to become dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems.

The development of vascular tissue

Which of the following are similarities that evolved independently in at least some species of both lycophytes and other vascular plants?

The presence of leaves A treelike growth form

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.

The presence of specialized water transporting tissues The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces The presence of stomata for gas exchange

Select all true statements about hornworts.

Their gametophytes are photosynthetic . Their sporophytes have stomata. Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants.

Which of the following is true of bryophyte rhizoids?

They aid in absorption.

Bryophyte rhizoids are not true roots because

They are unicellular

Select all features of horsetails.

They have jointed stems. Their stems are hollow. They are homosporous.

Select all true statements about whisk fern sporophytes.

They lack true leaves. They are photosynthetic (green).

Select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves.

They lack veins Most of their surface is one cell layer thick They lack stomata

Select all adaptive features of seeds.

They nourish the embryo. They protect the embryo.

Select all major limiting factors for the establishment of early terrestrial plant life.

Water Availability Carbon Dioxide

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required more

Water loss management

The sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?

Whisk ferns

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is

a cuticle on exposed surfaces

In mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophyte) generation occupies

a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants.

The lycophytes are the sister group to

all other vascular plants.

In mosses, male gametangia are called ___ , while female gametangia are called ___.

antheridia archegonia

In the fern life cycle, a new fern sporophyte is created when a sperm cell produced in the ___ fertilizes a single egg housed in a(n) ___ and subsequently forms a zygote.

antheridia archegonium

A similarity between fern gametophytes and sporophytes is that they:

are photosynthetic

All of the following are examples of vascular plants except _______.

bryophytes

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes, and the lack of tracheids, are features of

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the nontracheophytes, called the ___

bryophytes

The plant group with the little cell specialization is the

bryophytes

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing ___

cyanobacteria

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing ___.

cyanobacteria

A common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with ___ ; for that reason, those plants require free water for ___ .

flagella fertilization

One reason bryophytes require water for fertilization is because their sperm are

flagellated

The leaves of ferns are called

fronds

In plants, the gametophyte produces ___ and the sporophyte produces___

gametes spores

In this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing the

gametophyte production of spores by meiosis.

In plants, the haploid generation is called the ___ and the diploid generation is the ___

gametophyte sporophyte

Over the course of plant evolution from bryophytes to seed plants, the general trend has been toward a significant decrease in the size of the ____ stage in the life cycle.

gametophyte or haploid

In this plant life cycle, the ___ generation is represented by position A, while the ____ generation is at position B.

gametophyte or haploid sporophyte or diploid

A typical land plant has a(n) ____ life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

haplodiplontic

Stomata are required in land plants because land plants

have a cuticle

A plant is said to be ___ if all of its spores are similar in appearance

homosporous

Plants that produce one spore type are called ______.

homosporous

Choose all that are carried in vascular tissue.

hormones minerals water sucrose

The ___ are seedless vascular plants with hollow jointed stems.

horsetails

The most common type of liverwort is ___

leafy

Evidence suggests that leaves evolved more than once; ___ are small leaves found in the lycophytes and ___ are the true leaves of ferns and seed plants.

lycophylls euphylls

Even though ___ diverged from all other vascular plants early in their evolutionary history, they are similar in having leaves and a treelike growth form.

lycophytes

Even though ___ diverged from all other vascular plants early in their evolutionary history, they are similar in having leaves and a treelike growth form. Listen to the complete question

lycophytes

The sister group to all other vascular plants is the ___

lycophytes

In plants, spores are produced within sporangia through the process of

meiosis

In the circled region of this moss life cycle, the sporangium is undergoing ____ to produce spores.

meiosis

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have

multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

The bryophytes are also known as ____ plants because they lack tracheids.

nontracheophyte

Choose the two types of vascular tissue.

phloem xylem

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is

photosynthetic and free-living.

Mosses differ from other bryophytes because their gametophytes

produce structures that look like leaves and stems

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes

produce vascular tissue.

In this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing

production of spores by meiosis.

Seeds are very resistant structures, that can ___ and nourish the young ___ .

protect plant

The waxy cuticle and stomata on the above-ground parts of tracheophyte sporophytes function in

reduction of water loss.

What structure functions both in support of the plant and transport of water and nutrients in tracheophytes?

roots

The three clades of vascular plants are the lycophytes, pterophytes, and ___ plants.

seed

Liverworts reproduce through

sexual and asexual means

Clusters of sporangia on ferns are called

sori

In plants, meiosis occurs within what structure?

sporangia

Sori are clusters of

sporangia in ferns.

In this moss life cycle, the circle (identified with an arrow) is enclosing haploid ___ produced by meiosis.

spores

The earliest vascular plants contained

stems but not roots.

Land plants usually produce many ___ on their leaves to allow gas exchange across the waxy cuticle on exposed surfaces

stomata

Land plants usually produce many ____ on their leaves to allow gas exchange across the waxy cuticle on exposed surfaces.

stomata

Choose all that are carried in vascular tissue.

sucrose minerals water hormones

An important difference that distinguished the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is

the lack of vascular tissue.

The greatest diversity of mosses is found in

the tropics.

A mature fern sporangium disperses its spores

through a catapulting mechanism.

Because water availability was a limiting factor for the growth of early terrestrial plant life, such plants likely had the ability to

tolerate dessication.

Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce

vascular tissue.

Bryophytes are often found in moist areas in tropical and temperate regions because they rely on the presence of __ for sexual reproduction.

water

In bryophytes the sperm are flagellated and have to swim to the archegonia; therefore, the presence of ___ is necessary for fertilization.

water