Biology Plant cells, Animal cells, and osmosis

Common features of viruses

Viruses: NOT LIVING ORGANISMS. these are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living cells; they infect every type of living organism. They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes; they have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA. Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts, the influenza virus that causes 'flu' and the HIV virus that causes AIDS.

name the animal cell which impregnates a female egg during sexual intercourse

sperm cell

what happens to plant cells when the plant isn't getting water and the plant cell's vacuole shrinks

they become flaccid

what happens if after plant cells become flaccid and continue to receive no water

they become plasmolyse

what is it called when plant cell's vacuole fill with liquid and the cell becomes plump

they become turgid

fill in the gaps Animal cells do not have a cell _ _ _ _ if they gain too much water by _ _ _ _ _ _ they will swell and _ _ _ _ _ know as _ _ _ _ _ key: wall lysis burst osmosis

Animal cells do not have a cell wall if they gain too much water by osmosis they will swell and burst know as lysis

Common features of animals

Animals: these are multicellular organisms; they do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out photosynthesis; they have no cell walls; they usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from one place to another; they often store carbohydrate as glycogen. Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito).

Common features of Bacteria

Bacteria: these are microscopic single-celled organisms; they have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids; they lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA; some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other living or dead organisms. Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk, and Pneumococcus, a spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia.

Common feature of fungi

Fungi: these are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body is usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei; some examples are single-celled; they have cell walls made of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes on to food material and absorption of the organic products; this is known as saprotrophic nutrition; they may store carbohydrate as glycogen. Examples include Mucor, which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast, which is single-celled.

Common features of plants

Plants: these are multicellular organisms; they contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis; they have cellulose cell walls; they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose. Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example maize) and a herbaceous legume (for example peas or beans).

Common features of Protoctists

Protoctists: these are microscopic single-celled organisms. Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria.

why do animal cells burst when placed in water while plant cells don't

because plant cells have a cell wall

why do plant cells refer to be turgid (refer to wilting)

because they have a bigger vacuole and take longer to wilt

What do plant cells have that animal cells don't?

chloroplast, cell wall, large vacuole

what is called when red blood cells shrivel up after absorbing no water

cremated

if you look at a plasmolyse cell you can see white stuff around the edges why?

cytoplasm pulled away from the cell wall

name the plant cell which uses photosynthesis to produce food

leaf cell

what is called when red blood cells burst after absorbing too much water

lysis

name the animal cell which helps us feel things and sends messages to the brain

nerve cell

what is it called when red blood cells are healthy

normal

what is osmosis

osmosis is the movement of a substance from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially e membrane

if a plant cell becomes turgid where was the high concentration of water

outside

What types of organisms can be pathogens?

pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses

fill in the gaps plant cells have cell walls and swell to become _ _ _ _ _ _ if animal cells are placed in _ _ _ concentration water, water will leave the cell causing it to shrivel known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ key: low crenation turgid

plant cells have cell walls and swell to become turgid. if animal cells are placed in _low concentration water, water will leave the cell causing it to shrivel known as crenation

name the animal cell which transports oxygen around the body

red blood cell

name the plant cell which catches water and sends them to the stem

root leaf cell

fill in the gaps when plant cells lose water the cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pulls away from the cell wall and is said to be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ key membrane plasmolysed

when plant cells lose water the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall and is said to be plasmolysed

name the animal cell which fights against any harmful thing entering your body

white blood cell