Biology study guide
Which of the following IS NOT a possible function of the polymer in the previous question? -catalyzing chemical reactions -signaling -All of the above are possible functions. -structural support -transport
All of the above are possible functions.
Which of the following forces DOES NOT contribute to protein tertiary structure? - disulfide bridges - ionic bonds - hydrophobic interactions - hydrogen bonds - All of the above contribute to tertiary structure.
All of the above contribute to tertiary structure.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? -Transport -Muscle contraction -Catalyzing chemical reactions -All of these are protein functions. -Structural support
All of these are protein functions.
What is the name of the following functional group: -COOH? -amine -sulfhydryl -hydroxyl -carboxyl -carbonyl
carboxyl
tarch, a polysaccharide composed of many glucose molecules, is digested by the enzyme amylase, resulting in the disaccharide maltose. This is a(n) _____________ reaction in which this enzyme catalyzes the _______________ of the polysaccharide. - catabolic; dehydration - catabolic; hydrolysis - anabolic; dehydration - anabolic; hydrolysis
catabolic; hydrolysis
When a glass is filled to the brim with water, the water appears to bulge from the sides of the glass due to: - adhesion - thermal energy -capillarity - cohesion
cohesion
Polymers like proteins and polysaccharides are assembled by which type of reaction? -hydrogenation -hydrolysis -dehydrogenation -dehydration
dehydration
Compounds having different properties than those of the individual elements composing them is a phenomenon called: - emergent properties - chemical evolution - an isotope - molecular structure
emergent properties
Which of the following is a function of the molecule listed above? - cell motility - energy storage - information storage - structural support
energy storage
What type of monomers make up the molecule above? - fatty acids and glycerol - nucleotides - amino acids - monosaccharides
fatty acids and glycerol
Olive oil is a liquid at room temperature, while butter is a solid. You extract the fatty acid molecules from both of these fats and compare their chemical composition. Based just on your knowledge of their state at room temperature, you hypothesize that the fatty acids from the olive oil will contain _______________ hydrogen atoms compared to the fatty acids found in butter. -the same number of -Cannot be determined from the information provided. - fewer - more
fewer
What type of bond connects the monomer pictured above into a polymer? - glycosidic - ester - sugar phosphate - peptide
glycosidic
in a water molecule: - the oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge - the oxygen atom has a slight positive charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slight negative charge - all of the atoms have a slight positive charge - all of the atoms have a slight negative charge
he oxygen atom has a slight negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge
Hydrogen bonds: - hold water molecules to one another - form between hydrogen atoms in different molecules are strong bonds - hold the two hydrogen atoms together in a molecule of hydrogen gas, H2
hold water molecules to one another
Which of the following characteristics of water is responsible for its cohesive property? - polarity - covalent bonds - hydrogen bonding with other water molecules - ratio of two hydrogens to one oxygen
hydrogen bonding with other water molecules
Water is a polar molecule, therefore it is a good solvent for ___________ molecules. - radioactive - neutral - hydrophilic - hydrophobic
hydrophilic
What is the name of the following functional group: OH? amine -hydroxyl -carboxyl -sulfhydryl -carbonyl
hydroxyl
Nucleic acids function primarily in: -energy storage and information storage -structural support -information storage -navigation -energy storage
information storage
What is the primary function of this polymer? -movement -information storage -energy storage -structural support
information storage
Lithium and bromine have a very large difference in electronegativity. What kind of bond will form between these two atoms? - ionic - polar covalent - Van der Waals forces - non polar covalent - hydrogen
ionic
Two compounds with the same chemical formula but with different structures are called: -polar -amines -organic -hydrocarbons -isomers
isomers
An uncharged molecule of carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 13. Which of the following statements is true of this atom? - is has 5 neutrons - it has 5 electrons - it has 7 electrons - it has 7 protons - it has 7 neutrons
it has 7 neutrons
You measure the pH of a solution and find it to be pH 6.2. Another solution is added to it and the new pH is 4.2. How has the proton concentration of this solution changed? - it is 10 times lower - it is two times lower - it is 100 times lower - it is two times higher - it is 100 times higher
it is 100 times higher
A molecule of ammonia has polar covalent bonds connecting the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen has a larger electronegativity than hydrogen. Which of the following statements is true? - nitrogen has a partial positive charge - nitrogen has a full positive charge - nitrogen has a full negative charge - nitrogen has no charge at all - nitrogen has a partial negative charge
nitrogen has a partial negative charge
Two atoms of hydrogen form a chemical bond with one another. What type of bond is this likely to be? - hydrogen - ionic - non polar covalent - polar covalent
non polar covalent
An equal sharing of electrons creates a(n) ____________ bond. - ionic - non-polar covalent - polar covalent - hydrogen
non-polar covalent
Carbon and hydrogen have very similar electronegativities. What type of bond would form between carbon and hydrogen? - nonpolar covalent - hydrogen - polar covalent - ionic
nonpolar covalent
What type of polymer would be formed by this monomer? -protein -polysaccharide -nucleic acid -triglyceride
nucleic acid
What type of monomer is shown in the diagram above? -nucleotide -monosaccharide -glycerol and fatty acids -amino acid
nucleotide
What type of bond is formed to join monomers like the one pictured above? -ester -peptide -sugar phosphate -glycosidic
peptide
Cell membranes are made primarily of: -phospholipids -monosaccharides -triglycerides -steroids -starch
phospholipids
Carbon and oxygen have moderately different electronegativities. What type of bond would form between carbon and oxygen atoms? - polar covalent - ionic - hydrogen - non polar covalent
polar covalent
What type of polymer would be formed from the monomer pictured above? - triglyceride - polynucleotide - polysaccharide - polypeptide
polysaccharide
The amino acid sequence is referred to as the __________ structure of a protein. -secondary -primary -tertiary -quaternary
primary
A polymer made from the monomer above would be called a -triglyceride -protein -nucleic acid -polysaccharide
protein
Alpha helices and pleated sheets are examples of: -protein quaternary structure -protein tertiary structure -nucleic acid structure -protein primary structure -protein secondary structure
protein secondary structure
Which of the following is a function of the polymer that would be made from the monomer pictured above? - storing energy - oxygen transport - storing information - catalyzing chemical reactions
storing energy
What type of bond connects these monomers? -peptide -glycosidic -ester -sugar phosphate
sugar phosphate
Which is the best definition of electronegativity? - the attractive force of neutrons on electrons - the ability to attract and hold electrons - the repulsive force of atoms on electrons - the attractive force of neutrons on protons
the ability to attract and hold electrons
Independent Variable? - factors that are kept the same between control and experimental groups - the difference between control and experimental groups - the outcome of the experiment - the data gathered during the experiment
the difference between control and experimental groups
The atomic number of oxygen is 8. How many electrons will an oxygen atom with a -2 charge have? - 10 - 16 - 6 - 8
10
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a hydrocarbon? -Non-polar -Can act as a pH buffer -High energy bonds -Hydrophobic
Can act as a pH buffer
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids? -Insulation -Intracellular signaling -Energy storage -Carrying electrical impulses -Composing cell membranes
Carrying electrical impulses
Based on the number of carbons, how would you describe this molecule? - tetrose - triose - pentose - heptose - hexose
Hexose
Dependent Variable? - the difference between control and experimental groups - common treatments of the control and experimental groups - the data - the units used on the data collected
Data
Polymers are assembled from monomers by which type of chemical reaction? -Dehydrogenation -Hydrolysis -Hydration -Dehydration
Dehydration
Involved in chemical reactions
Electrons
What is(are) the main function(s) of polysaccharides? -Structural support -Energy storage and structural support -Muscle contraction -Information storage -Energy storage
Energy storage and structural support
An attraction between oppositely-charged atoms forms a(n) _________ bond. - non-polar covalent - ionic - polar covalent - hydrogen
Ionic
Can vary in number to produce different isotopes
Nuetrons
Provides the essence of an element
Protons
hlorine has an atomic number of 17. This means that chlorine must have 17 _________. - protons plus neutrons - protons - electrons - neutrons
Protons
What might you have added to the solution above to prevent such a large change in pH? - base - salt - more water - a buffer - acid
a buffer
A triglyceride is more commonly known as: Donovan McNabb -a phospholipid -a fat -starch -a steroid
a fat
Water and ammonia are both molecules composed of polar covalent bonds. Because of this, there is a weak electrostatic attraction between partially charged groups on these molecules. This attractive force is called ____________. - a partial ionic bond - a non polar covalent bond - a hydrogen bond - a polar covalent bond - an ionic bond
a hydrogen bond
Which of the following statements is correct concerning a water molecule? - Water is a polar molecule and each hydrogen carries a partial positive charge - Water is a nonpolar molecule. - Water is a polar molecule and each oxygen carries a partial positive charge - Water is a polar molecule and each hydrogen carries a partial negative charge
Water is a polar molecule and each hydrogen carries a partial positive charge
What type of monomer is pictured above? -amino acid -nucleotide -glycerol and fatty acids -monosaccharide
amino acid
When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the positively-charged sodium ions: - do not dissociate from the sodium chloride - are attracted to the hydrogen atoms of water molecules - are attracted to each other - are attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules
are attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules
When liquid water is heated, most of the energy that the water initially absorbs is used to: - raise the temperature of the water - break the covalent bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water - break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules - make the water boil
break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules
The monomer for carbohydrates is a: -amino acid -nucleic acid -monosaccharide -polysaccharide
monosaccharide
Which type of molecule is shown in the picture above? - amino acid - nucleotide - monosaccharide - fatty acid
monosaccharide
What type of molecule is pictured above? - triglyceride - nucleic acid - polypeptide - polysaccharide
triglyceride
Is the molecule above considered saturated or unsaturated? - unsaturated - saturated
unsaturated
