Biology Unit 9 Part 2 Practice Questions
56.A classmate is looking at a unicellular organism under a microscope. Which observation can she use to decide if the organism is an animal? A. It is not an animal, because it is unicellular. B. It is not an animal, because it lacks a cell wall. C. It is an animal, because it contains membrane-bound organelles. D. It is an animal, because it is visible under a microscope.
A
68.A ruminant and its microbial symbionts work together. What is the role of the symbionts? A. To digest cellulose B. To supply nutrients C. To take in food D. To provide shelter
A
7.How is the structure and function of the vascular system of a plant similar to the human circulatory system? A. Both have tubes that transport materials throughout the organism. B. Both have a pump that pushes materials throughout the organism. C. Both have mechanisms for producing food for the organism. D. Both have valves that make it possible to move materials in two directions within the same tube.
A
77.How does having a closed circulatory system benefit a large, active animal? A. Blood is circulated more efficiently. B. Blood is maintained at a lower pressure. C. Blood volume is reduced to maintain a lower metabolism. D. Blood can hold more oxygen.
A
78.What are two different patterns of circulation found in vertebrates? A. Single-loop and double-loop B. Interior and exterior C. Chambered and unchambered D. One-directional and multi-directional
A
79.What is the major structural difference between vertebrates that have single-loop circulatory systems and those that have double-loop systems? A. Double-loop systems have a greater number of chambers in the heart. B. Double-loop systems pump blood in two directions within the same vessels. C. Double-loop systems have more hearts. D. Double-loop systems keep blood within vessels.
A
86.Which animals excrete nitrogenous wastes in crystals that form a thick paste? A. Insects and arachnids B. Mammals and land amphibians C. All of the other answer choices D. Annelids and mollusks
A
89.What is the role of a motor neuron? A. To carry information from interneurons to muscles B. To interpret information in the form of electrical signals in the brain C. To transmit information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system D. To exchange information between other kinds of neurons
A
9.How is the structure of cells in a root's transport system different from the structure of cells making of the epidermis? A. The root's transport system cells allow one way absorption of water and nutrients. B. The root's transport system cells do not contain a Caspian strip. C. The root's transport system cells contain sacs for storing water and nutrients. D. The root's transport system cells force water to move between cells.
A
97.Each of the following is a characteristic common to the skeletons of all vertebrates except A. large and dense. B. lightweight in proportion to the body. C. made up of cartilage and/or bone. D. located inside the body.
A
15.How does the stem help the leaves of a plant carry out photosynthesis? A. By absorbing water from the environment B. By holding the leaves up to the sunlight C. By carrying sugars downward to root cells D. By storing food for later use
B
17.What is the function of the apical meristems? A. They are involved in secondary growth by increasing the width of the plant stem. B. They are involved in primary growth by adding new cells to the ends of roots and shoots. C. They act as valves that allow for the one-way flow of water in plant roots. D. They transport water upward to leaves and nutrients downward from leaves to stems and roots.
B
20.What is the role of the palisade mesophyll in a leaf? A. To transport food out of the leaf B. To absorb light that enters the leaf C. To take in carbon dioxide from the air D. To repel water from the outer layer of the leaf
B
25.Suppose a plant's stomata close on a hot, dry day. How could this affect the plant's rate of photosynthesis? A. It would not be affected because the actions of stomata are unrelated to photosynthesis. B. It would decrease because the plant would be unable to take in carbon dioxide. C. It would increase because carbon dioxide would build up within the plant. D. It would increase because water would be prevented from escaping the plant.
B
26.What is the pressure-flow hypothesis? A. When water is absorbed into the roots of plants, the growth of root tips into the soil is accelerated. B. When sugars are pumped into or removed from the phloem, the change in concentration causes fluid to move in the same direction as the sugars. C. When the humidity in the air surrounding a plant increases, the rate of evaporation decreases. D. When water transpires from the leaves of plants, nutrients are absorbed into xylem tissue.
B
29.Which statement about the specialized leaves that make up a flower is true? A. Petals are made up of a style, a stigma, and an ovary. B. Sepals are green and often wrapped around petals before a flower blooms. C. Carpels consist of a filament and an anther. D. Stamens are often brightly colored and found just inside sepals.
B
3.Which of the following is a main tissue system of plants? A. All of the other answer choices B. Dermal C. Ground D. Vascular
B
30.Which of the structures of a flower are the male sexual organs? A. Carpels B. Stamens C. Petals D. Sepals
B
37.Which evidence supports the conclusion that a pumpkin is a fruit? A. It grows from a plant. B. It forms from the ovary of a flower. C. It has radial symmetry. D. It does not contain seeds.
B
39.A new angiosperm species is discovered. Which question would be most useful to ask before predicting how its seeds are dispersed? A. Does it produce fruit? B. Does it produce fleshy fruit? C. Is its stem woody or herbaceous? D. How many cotyledons does the seed have?
B
47.How do short-day plants respond to seasonal changes? A. They suspend their growth during the winter. B. They flower when nights are long. C. They go into dormancy when temperatures drop. D. They die when temperatures rise.
B
50.How might plant adaptations for dormancy have developed over time? A. Dormancy enabled plants to alter the conditions of their environment. B. Plants that were dormant in winter survived to reproduce in the spring. C. The seeds of dormant plants were more attractive to animal pollinators. D. All of the other answer choices
B
52.Through which process did modern corn develop from ancestral grass that looked very different? A. Natural selection B. Selective breeding C. Genetic engineering D. Cloning
B
53.Besides food, what other important product is developed from plants? A. Building materials B. All of the other answer choices C. Clothing D. Medicine
B
54.What effect could plant species extinction have on therapeutic drug development? A. Scientists would be able to develop new plant species to replace extinct species that may provide useful substances. B. Scientists may never know about a particular drug if it came from a plant that was extinct. C. Scientists would not be able to test the effects of drugs on extinct plant species. D. Scientists would be able to more easily discover drugs if the number of species to be tested were narrowed.
B
61.Why must waste products produced by metabolic processes be eliminated from an animal's body? A. They are needed by plants and other organisms. B. They are toxic in high concentrations. C. They increase the overall weight of an animal. D. They protect the animal by inhibiting predators.
B
65.What do animals do during intracellular and extracellular digestion? A. Use and store energy B. Break down and absorb food C. Create new cells and destroy old cells D. Produce nutrients used to make food
B
72.Why do some animals actively pump water over their gills? A. To keep respiratory surfaces moist B. To maintain differences in gas concentrations C. To move water into the respiratory passages D. To generate energy needed for diffusion
B
74.Which statement about amphibian, reptilian, and mammalian lungs is true? A. The amphibian lung is the most complex of all terrestrial animals' lungs. B. The amount of lung surface area increases from amphibians to reptiles to mammals. C. They all take in the same amount of oxygen. D. Reptilian lungs branch repeatedly ending in sac-like structures called alveoli.
B
75.How is a closed circulatory system different from an open circulatory system? A. In a closed circulatory system, blood comes into direct contact with tissues. B. In a closed circulatory system, blood circulates entirely within blood vessels. C. In a closed circulatory system, blood empties into a system of spongy cavities. D. In a closed circulatory system, there is a heart that pumps blood.
B
82.How do mammals eliminate ammonia? A. They remove it from body fluids through Malpighian tubules. B. They convert it into urea, which is excreted as urine. C. They combine it with digestive wastes in the intestines. D. They convert it into uric acid, which is released as white crystals.
B
85.How is excretion different in freshwater animals than in saltwater animals? A. Saltwater animals produce crystals of uric acid. B. Saltwater animals produce very little concentrated urine. C. Saltwater animals produce a lot of watery urine. D. Saltwater animals do not produce any urine.
B
87.Why do some animals convert ammonia into uric acid instead of into urea? A. To conserve salt B. To conserve water C. To conserve nitrogen D. To conserve oxygen
B
88.Which interactions occur among body systems to create a response to a stimulus? A. The endocrine system transmits chemical messages to the respiratory system. B. The nervous system sends electrical signals to the muscular and skeletal systems. C. The muscular system sends a message to the excretory system. D. The integumentary system carries information to the circulatory system.
B
90.What is the sequence of signal transmission in response to a stimulus? A. Interneuron to motor neuron to muscle to sensory neuron B. Sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron to muscle C. Muscle to interneuron to sensory neuron to motor neuron D. Motor neuron to interneuron to sensory neuron to muscle
B
94.What is the general relationship between the complexity of an animal's nervous system and that of its sensory system? A. A more complex sensory system tends to be related to a less complex nervous system. B. A more complex sensory system tends to be related to a more complex nervous system. C. A more complex sensory system tends to increase the complexity of the nervous system over time. D. The sensory system tends to be unrelated to the nervous system.
B
96.Why are the largest land animals vertebrates? A. Endoskeletons make it possible to transport fluids throughout an animal's body. B. Endoskeletons are lightweight in proportion to the bodies they support. C. Only animals with endoskeletons are mobile. D. Endoskeletons continue to grow throughout the life of an animal.
B
1. All of the following are considered a main organ of seed plants except... A. stems. B. roots. C. seeds. D. leaves.
C
10.Each of the following is a main function of roots except to A. anchor the plant in the ground. B. absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil. C. fix nitrogen for the plant to use. D. store food.
C
12.Why is it important that the root endodermis permits only a one-way passage of materials? A. To establish a cycle in which oxygen leaves the plant as carbon dioxide exits B. To keep the photosynthetic process continuous C. To prevent water and nutrients from leaking out D. To maintain support for the plant
C
13.All of the following are important functions of stems except to A. hold leaves up to the sun. B. produce leaves, branches, and flowers. C. absorb water and minerals. D. transport substances throughout the plant.
C
18.What would happen over time to a tree sapling that could grow only taller, not wider? A. It would become taller than the forest canopy. B. It would survive, but it would stop producing leaves. C. It would collapse before growing very tall. D. It would continue to grow, but it would bend toward sunlight.
C
23.What is the most likely response of stomata to a hot day? A. They will open and close to fan the plant. B. They will stay open to allow the plant to take in water. C. They will stay closed to prevent evaporation. D. They will stay open to allow heat to escape from the plant.
C
27.What role does active transport play in movement in phloem? A. It opens and closes stomata according to plant needs. B. It collects carbon dioxide taken in from the atmosphere. C. It pumps sugars into or out of sieve tubes. D. It forces water out of the tissue through pore spaces.
C
38.Which of the following is an example of seed dispersal? A. A seed remains in the soil for several months. When temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases, the seed germinates. B. None of the other answer choices C. A bird eats berries. It later drops its waste some distance from where it ate. D. A plant embryo pushes out of its seed coat and begins to grow into a small plant.
C
41.What is one reason why it is adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before they germinate? A. It allows the seed embryo to mature inside the safety of the shell. B. It ensures that the parent plant is no longer living when the seed germinates. C. It enables them to survive until environmental conditions become favorable. D. It prevents animals from eating the seed before it is mature.
C
43.Which of the following might happen without the balance of gibberellins and abscisic acid? A. Buds might fall off the plant too early. B. Roots might stop growing too soon. C. A seed might germinate too soon. D. Shoots might not form.
C
44.How will cutting the tips of the branches on one side of a tree affect the shape of the tree? A. It will keep the lateral buds on the cut side from growing. B. It will keep the lateral buds on the uncut side from growing. C. It will cause the lateral buds on the cut side to grow more quickly. D. It will cause the lateral buds on the uncut side to grow faster in response.
C
45.What is thigmotropism? A. A plant's response to seasons B. A plant's response to gravity C. A plant's response to touch D. A plant's response to sunlight
C
49.How could a garden-store owner determine how many hours of light per day are needed for a particular flowering plant to bloom? A. Vary the color of the light to which plants are exposed. B. Increase the plant's distance from the lighting source gradually over time. C. Expose plants to different photoperiods. D. Place some plants in sunlight and others in shade.
C
51.Each of the following is a crop that makes up the base of the world's food supply except A. soybeans. B. corn. C. potatoes. D. rice.
C
55.All of the following are characteristics shared by all animals except being A. eukaryotic. B. multicellular. C. photosynthetic. D. heterotrophic.
C
59.How do vertebrates differ from other chordates? A. They have openings in the throat that connect to the outside of the neck. B. They have tails at some point during development. C. They have a backbone made up of vertebrae. D. They have a brain made up of several lobes.
C
62.Which body system delivers waste products to the respiratory and excretory systems? A. Endocrine system B. Nervous system C. Circulatory system D. Integumentary system
C
63.What types of food do herbivores eat? A. Detritus B. Animals C. Plants D. Bacteria
C
66.What is a major structural difference between gastrovascular cavities and digestive tracts? A. A gastrovascular cavity breaks down and distributes nutrients. B. A gastrovascular cavity is a closed sack without any openings. C. A gastrovascular cavity has only one opening. D. A gastrovascular cavity is long and tube-like.
C
67.Which of the following describes an adaptation of some meat-eaters? A. Fast-acting enzymes B. Sharp mouthparts for slicing C. All of the other answer choices D. Short digestive tracts
C
70.Why is it important for respiratory surfaces to be moist? A. It enables respiratory structures to move throughout the system. B. Water is necessary to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. C. Gases diffuse most efficiently across moist membranes. D. Gas molecules stick to water molecules.
C
71.Which of the following aquatic animals breathe with lungs? A. Lobsters B. Sharks C. Sea turtles D. Crabs
C
73.All of the following are structures that terrestrial invertebrates use to breathe except A. mantle cavities. B. book lungs. C. lungs. D. tracheal tubes.
C
8.How are tissues distributed in a plant root? A. Epidermal cells form a layer around a ball of ground tissue within an envelope of vascular tissue. B. Ground tissue forms an exterior layer around a central cylinder of vascular tissue. C. Ground tissue lies between outer epidermal cells and an inner cylinder of vascular tissue. D. Vascular tissue surrounds ground tissue, which surrounds epidermal cells.
C
81.Why does the metabolic waste ammonia pose a problem for all animals? A. It takes up space when it builds up over time. B. It causes animals to release carbon dioxide faster. C. It is poisonous. D. It prevents nitrogen fixation.
C
84.In general, how do aquatic animals remove ammonia from their bodies? A. They convert it to uric acid, which is released through Malpighian tubules. B. They concentrate it into uric acid, which is separated out as white crystals. C. They allow it to diffuse out of their bodies into surrounding water. D. They convert it to urea, which is excreted as urine.
C
91.What is one general way in which nervous systems differ among animal groups? A. Whether or not stimuli are recognized B. Whether or not neurons are present C. Whether or not cephalization occurs D. Whether or not signals are electrical or chemical
C
92.Which statement about the degree of cephalization shown by cnidarians, flatworms, and vertebrates is true? A. All animals show the same amount of cephalization. B. Flatworms have no cephalization. C. Vertebrates have a high degree of cephalization. D. Cnidarians have a fair degree of cephalization.
C
95.What body structures work together to enable movement? A. Bones and blood vessels B. Blood vessels and skin C. Muscles and bones D. Skin and muscles
C
98.Suppose that you were to find a vertebrate fossil that showed a joint structure with muscle and tendon relationships similar to those of a squirrel. For which kind of movement would you predict the animal had been best adapted? A. Crawling B. Digging C. Climbing D. Slithering
C
99.A student wants to build a model of a vertebrate joint. What would the student use to best represent muscles? A. Tongue depressors B. Wooden dowels C. Rubber bands D. Strips of paper
C
58.Why would you be unlikely to find a notochord in an adult chordate? A. Only a small fraction of all chordates have a notochord. B. The notochord transforms into the brain as the animal develops. C. Only chordates with tails as adults will exhibit a notochord. D. Most chordates have a notochord only when they are embryos.
D
6.Meristems can differentiate into each of the tissue systems of a plant. Which phenomenon does this explain? A. Plant flowers can open and close. B. Plants will wilt if they do not receive enough water. C. Plant seeds can remain dormant for long periods of time. D. Plants can regenerate from cuttings.
D
60.All of the following are essential functions performed by all animals except A. maintaining homeostasis. B. reproducing. C. responding to information. D. eliminating oxygen and other wastes.
D
64.How might a coral be affected if all its symbiotic algae died? A. The coral would become photosynthetic. B. The coral would develop a symbiotic relationship with another organism. C. The coral would adapt to survive without food. D. The coral would also die.
D
69.In what ways are the respiratory structures of all animals similar? A. They all collect air in lungs. B. They all use a diaphragm to pump gases through passageways. C. They all take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. D. They all move carbon dioxide and oxygen across selectively permeable membranes.
D
76.Which of these groups of animals tend to have open circulatory systems? A. Annelids B. Amphibians C. Fish D. Arthropods
D
80.Why is it unlikely that large, active vertebrates could have evolved with open circulatory systems? A. There would be no central body cavity into which blood could be pumped. B. Blood would be unable to reach the many tissues of the larger organism. C. A single heart could not pump blood throughout the entire organism. D. An open circulatory system could not provide enough oxygen to support a higher metabolism.
D
83.How do kidneys help maintain homeostasis while processing nitrogenous wastes? A. They release heat absorbed from the blood as nitrogenous wastes are removed. B. They produce blood cells to balance any loss of nitrogenous wastes. C. They add water molecules to the blood to replace nitrogenous wastes. D. They separate nitrogenous wastes and excess water from blood.
D
93.Which of the following animals has the most complex sensory system? A. Sea anemone B. Coral C. Jellyfish D. Octopus
D
100.Which statement comparing the genetic diversity resulting from asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction is true? A. Asexual reproduction results in less genetic diversity than sexual reproduction. B. Both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction result in a high level of genetic diversity. C. Neither asexual reproduction nor sexual reproduction result in genetic diversity. D. Asexual reproduction results in greater genetic diversity than sexual reproduction.
A
11.How is osmosis involved in the absorption of water and nutrients? A. A high concentration of mineral ions in the root cells causes water to move into the root cells by osmosis. B. Ions are pumped out of the root cells to make room for water molecules. C. Water molecules are attracted to one another within the spaces between root cells. D. Evaporation from plant leaves causes a pressure differential that pulls water into root cells.
A
14.How are vascular bundles arranged in monocot stems? A. They are scattered throughout the stem. B. They are lined up along the length of the stem. C. They are arranged in a cylinder, or ring. D. They are concentrated on the outer regions of the stem.
A
16.What is secondary growth in plants? A. Growth that increases a stem's thickness B. Growth that makes flowers bloom C. Growth that makes a plant taller D. Growth that makes roots longer
A
21.The leaves of desert plants often have two or more layers of palisade mesophyll, rather than the single layer that is characteristic of most leaves. How might this adaptation be advantageous to a desert plant? A. It reduces the loss of water. B. It limits the absorption of light. C. It increases the loss of heat. D. It reduces the exchange of gases.
A
22.How do stomata help plants maintain homeostasis? A. They close if a plant starts losing too much water. B. They store excess gases so photosynthesis can always take place. C. They absorb and release heat to maintain the temperature of the plant. D. They establish a one-way flow of air into the plant.
A
24.What two processes are responsible for 90 percent of the upward flow of water through a plant? A. Transpiration and capillary action B. Protein pump and evaporation C. Condensation and transpiration D. Diffusion and active transport
A
28.How does the movement of sugars in the phloem contribute to homeostasis in a plant? A. It enables sugars to move through the plant to meet energy needs. B. It eliminates excess sugars from the plant as waste. C. It converts sugars into minerals that the plant needs to survive. D. It causes water to be forced out of the plant.
A
35.What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in flowering plants? A. In sexual reproduction, new combinations of genetic traits are produced that aid in survival. B. In sexual reproduction, identical offspring are produced in large numbers. C. In sexual reproduction, new plants can grow rapidly in a favorable environment. D. In sexual reproduction, minimal resources are required to produce offspring.
A
57.Which of the following is not a characteristic of all chordates? A. Pharyngeal pouches at some point during development B. A dorsal, hollow nerve cord C. A tail that extends beyond the anus D. A four-chambered heart
D
19.How is the structure of a leaf adapted to make photosynthesis more efficient? A. It is connected to the stem by a thin petiole. B. It is serrated toward the tip. C. It is covered by a waxy cuticle. D. It contains large amounts of mesophyll.
D
2. How are the three main organs of seed plants similar in structure? A. All perform the same basic task. B. All are located in the same part of the plant. C. All have the same basic shape. D. All contain the same three tissues.
D
31.All of the following features of fertilization are characteristic of angiosperms except A. pollination. B. double fertilization. C. The development of male and female gametophytes. D. the production of an internal fluid.
D
32.How is fertilization in angiosperms different from fertilization in other types of plants? A. It produces offspring that are genetically identical. B. It can occur within a single plant only. C. It does not require both male and female organs. D. It involves two separate events that produce the zygote and endosperm.
D
33.What is one way that the characteristics of angiosperm reproduction is related to angiosperm success? A. They generally produce seeds that are capable of floating. B. They produce large numbers of spores that are easily dispersed. C. They produce many more seeds than other types of plants. D. They often have flowers that attract pollinators.
D
34.What happens during vegetative reproduction? A. A male gametophyte fuses with a female gametophyte. B. Multiple copies of identical flowers bloom on the same plant. C. New combinations of genetic traits are produced. D. A single plant produces offspring genetically identical to itself.
D
36.How do fruits form? A. Flower petals become sealed around an embryo. B. A pollen granule fuses to the stigma of a flower. C. A pollen grain develops in a pollen tube. D. Ovary walls thicken around a seed
D
4.Which statement is true about the main functions of a plant's tissue system? A. Dermal tissue transports water and nutrients through a plant. B. Vascular tissue captures sunlight. C. Vascular tissue protects a plant. D. Ground tissue produces and stores sugars.
D
40.Which environmental factors most directly affect seed germination? A. Wind speed and direction B. Soil hardness and mineral composition C. Availability of nitrogen and carbon D. Temperature and moisture
D
42.The seeds of a bishop pine germinate only after exposure to the extreme heat of a forest fire. What might be the significance of this adaptation? A. It enables the seed to survive hot climates. B. It protects the seed from germinating during winter. C. It encourages the periodic spread of natural wildfires. D. It allows the seed to germinate with decreased competition.
D
46.A student draws two circles around a plant stem, one in the middle of the stem and the other close to the tip. Then she measures the distance between the two circles and puts the plant on a sunny windowsill. After several days, the student measures the distance between the marks on the side exposed to light as well as those on the shaded side. What might the student be investigating? A. Gravitropism B. Photoperiodism C. Thigmotropism D. Phototropism
D
48.In the Northern Hemisphere, when is a long-day plant most likely to bloom? A. Spring B. Winter C. Fall D. Summer
D
5.What is the function of meristems? A. To transport nutrients upward B. To protect the plant C. To control the exchange of gases D. To produce new cells by mitosis
D
