Biostatistic
If the chance of diabetes is 10%. What is the chance that three people selected at random from the population will at have diabetes?
(0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 = 0.001)
Chicago has a population of 10,000,000. If 25% of the population is latino. 30% is African-American , 5% is Arab-American and 40% is of European decent, How many people in chicago are classified as other than of European extraction ?
(25% + 30% + 5% = 60%. 60% × 10,000,000 = 6,000,000)
There were no new cases of Ebola virus in the United States from January 1, 1997 through January 1, 1998 Which of the following epidemiologic terms does this statement describe? (A) Incidence (B) Lifetime expectancy (C) Lifetime prevalence (D) Period prevalence (E) Point prevalence
(A) Incidence
A group of patients with lung cancer is matched to a group of patients without lung cancer. Their smoking habits over the course of their lives is compared. On the basis of this information, researchers compute the rate of lung cancer in patients who smoke versus those who never smoked. This is an exarnple of a (A) case-control study (B) cohort study (C) cross-sectional study (D) longitudinal study (E) randomized control study
(A) case-control study
In a study, a group of people are exposed to an environmental toxin but are not treated. Instead, they are observed over time on a standard set of measures to ascertain the potential effects of the toxin. This type of study design is called (A) Clinical trial (B) Double-blind (C) Longitudinal (D) Prospective (E) Retrospective
(C) Longitudinal
A trial comparing coronary bypass surgery with medical treatment for coronary artery disease is conductedat a hospital specializing in cardiothoracic surgery. Which of the following types of biases should be considered in evaluating the results of this trial? (A) Ascertainment bias (B) Detection bias (C) Proficiency bias D) Recall bias (E) Referral bias (F) Susceptibility bias
(C) Proficiency bias
A group of researchers mistakenly concludes from a poorly designed experiment that acetaminophen cures the common cold. These researchers have committed which of the following types of error? (A) 1-B (B) Alpha (C) Beta (D) Type 1 (E) Type 2
(D) Type 1
A research study investigating the effects of three variables (age, sex, and ethnicity) on the efficacy of a new malaria vaccine reports a significant (p <0.001) analysis of variance (ANOVA) result. There is a significant two way interaction. Regarding these variables, which of the following is the best interpretation of these results? (A) Any of the three variables alone affects the vaccine's efficacy (B) The interaction suggests the vaccine has no efficacy (C) The three variables all work together to produce the vaccine's efficacy (D) The three variables interact together and have noaffect on the vaccine's efficacy (E) Two of the three variables affect the vaccine's efficacy
(E) Two of the three variables affect the vaccine's efficacy
A neuropsychologist is studying the effects of drug Aand drug B on cognitive performance in Alzheimerpatients. He administers a memory test to two groupsof subjects (those taking drug A and those taking drugB) and compares their mean scores. Which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate forthis purpose? (A) Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (B) Chi-squared test (C) Fisher exact test (D) Multiple linear regression (E) Paired t-test (F) Pearson product-moment correlation formula (G) Pittman Welch permutation test (HI) Simple linear regression (I) Spearman rank order formula (J) Student t-test
(J) Student t-test
In a standard normal curve, the area between one standard deviation on either side will be: (a) 68% (b) 85% (c) 99.7% (d) None of the above
(a) 68%
In a particular trial, the association of lung cancer with smoking is found to be 40% in one sample and 60% in another. What is the best test to compare the results? (a) Chi-square test (b) Fischer test (c) Paired t test (d) ANOVA test
(a) Chi-square test
Stratified sampling is ideal for: (a) Heterogenous data (b) Homogenous data (c) Both (d) None
(a) Heterogenous data
When the variables follow standard distribution: (a) Mean = median (b) Median = variance (c) Mean = 2 median (d) Standard deviation = 2 variance
(a) Mean = median
True regarding Chi-square test is: (a) Measure the significance of difference between two proportion (b) Null hypothesis is equal (c) Does not test the significance (d) Tests correlation and regression
(a) Measure the significance of difference between two proportion
An investigator into the life expectancy of IV drug abusers divides a sample of patients into HIV- positive and HIV-negative groups. What type of data does this division constitute? (a) Nominal (b) Ordinal (c) Interval (d) Ratio
(a) Nominal
Histogram is used to describe: (a) Quantitative data of a group of patients (b) Qualitative data of a group of patients (c) Data collected on nominal scale (d) Data collected on ordinal scale
(a) Quantitative data of a group of patients
All of following comes under random sampling method except: (a) Quota sampling (b) Simple random sampling (c) Stratified sampling (d) Cluster sampling
(a) Quota sampling
True about cluster sampling all except: (a) Sample size same as simple random (b) It is two stage sampling (c) Cheaper than other methods (d) It is a method for rapid assessment
(a) Sample size same as simple random
Graph showing relation beteeen 2 variables is: (a) Scatter diagram (b) Frequency polygon (c) Picture chart (d) Histogram
(a) Scatter diagram
In a study, people are separated into certain sub-groups and then some are selected randomly from each of these sub-groups. What type of sampling is being done? (a) Simple random sampling (b) Cluster random sampling (c) Systematic random sampling (d) Stratified random sampling
(a) Simple random sampling
Square root of deviation is called: (a) Standard deviation (b) Standard error (c) Mean deviation (d) Range
(a) Standard deviation
Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true is called as: (a) Type 1 error (b) Type 2 error (c) Type 3 error (d) Type 4 error
(a) Type 1 error
Measuring variation between two different units is done through: (a) Variance (b) Coefficient of variation (c) Standard deviation (d) Range
(b) Coefficient of variation
Histogram is used to present which kind of the data: (a) Nominal (b) Continuous (c) Discrete (d) Any of above
(b) Continuous
Power of study can be increased by: (a) Increasing alpha error (b) Decreasing beta error (c) Decreasing alpha error (d) Increasing beta error
(b) Decreasing beta error
Which of the following is used to denote a continuous variable? (a) Simple bar (b) Histogram (c) Pie diagram (d) Multiple bar
(b) Histogram
Best way to plot the change of incidence of disease over time is: (a) Histogram (b) Line chart (c) Scatter diagram (d) Ogive
(b) Line chart
Standard deviation does not depend on: (a) Mean (b) Median (c) Range (d) Sample size
(b) Median
Histogram is used as method of group presentation for: (a) Qualitative data (b) Quantitative continuous data (c) Quantitative data- discrete t`pe (d) Norminal data
(b) Quantitative continuous data
Best way to study relationship between two variables is: (a) Bar chart (b) Scatter diagram (c) Histogram (d) Pie chart
(b) Scatter diagram
Which of the following variables is measured on the ordinal scale? (a) Type of anemia (b) Severity of anemia (c) Hemoglobin level (d) Serum ferritin level
(b) Severity of anemia
Appropriate statistical method to compare two means is: (a) Chi-square test (b) Student's t-test (c) Odds ratio (d) Correlation coefficient
(b) Student's t-test
All of the following are example of nominal scaleexcept: (a) Race (b) Sex (c) Body weight (d) Socio-economic status
(c) Body weight
Simple random sampling is ideal for: (a) Vaccinated people (b) Heterogenous population (c) Homogenous population (d) All of the above
(c) Homogenous population
demiological study, every 10th person is selected from a population. This type of sampling is known as: (a) Simple random sampling (b) Stratified random sampling (c) Systematic random sampling (d) Cluster random sampling
(c) Systematic random sampling
For which of the following sampling, a Design effect is used? (a) Simple random sampling (b) Systematic random sampling (c) Stratified random sampling (d) Cluster random sampling
(d) Cluster random sampling
Sampling method used in assessing immunization status of children under immunization program is: (a) Systematic sampling (b) Stratified sampling (c) Group sampling (d) Cluster sampling
(d) Cluster sampling
In maternal and child welfare program the sampling is done by which method? (a) Systematic (b) Stratified (c) Group (d) Cluster-30
(d) Cluster-30
In maternal and child welfare program the sampling is done by which method? (a) Systematic (b) Stratified (c) Group (d) Cluster-30
(d) Cluster-30
Measurement of blood pressure is which type of data: (a) Nominal (b) Ordinal (c) Interval (d) Continuous
(d) Continuous
For calculation of sample size for a prevalence study all of the following are necessary except: (a) Prevalence of disease in population (b) Power of the study (c) Significance level (d) Desired precision
(d) Desired precision
Mean, Medium and Mode are: (a) Measure of dispersion (b) Measure association between two variables (c) Test of significance (d) Measure of central tendency
(d) Measure of central tendency
Mean, Median and Mode are: (a) Measures of dispersion (b) Measures association between two variables (c) Test of significance (d) Measures of central tendency
(d) Measures of central tendency
In a study first schools are sampled, then sections, and finally students. This type of sampling is known as: (a) Stratified sampling (b) Simple random sampling (c) Cluster sampling (d) Multistage sampling
(d) Multistage sampling
In a study first schools are sampled, then sections, and finally students. This type of sampling is known as: (a) Stratified sampling (b) Simple random sampling (c) Cluster sampling (d) Multistage sampling
(d) Multistage sampling
A physician, after examining a group of patients of a certain disease, classifies the condition of each one as ºNormal», ºMild», ºModerate» or ºSevere». Which one of the following is the scale of measurement that is being adopted for classification of the disease condition? (a) Normal (b) Interval (c) Ratio (d) Ordinal
(d) Ordinal
A Scatter diagram is drawn to study: (a) Trend of a variable over a period of time (b) Frequency of occurrence of events (c) Mean & median values of the given data (d) Relationship between two given variables
(d) Relationship between two given variables
A researcher has selected all possible samples from a population and plotted the Mean of each sample on a linear graph. It is a type of (a) Population distribution (b) Parametric distribution (c) Sample distribution (d) Sampling distribution
(d) Sampling distribution
A Doctor is taking history from a Diabetes patient and decides to make a chart to assess joint involvement. Which chart should he make? (a) Pie chart (b) Venn diagram (c) Histogram (d) Tree diagram
(d) Tree diagram
Chance of meeting someone who has diabetes, obesity or both. When diabetes is 10% , 30% is Obesity
0.1 + 0.3 - (0.1 × 0.3) = 0.37 (or 37%)
Histogram is used to describe: A. Quantitative data of a group of patients B. Qualitative data of a group of patients С. Data collected on nominal scale D. Data collected on ordinal scale
A. Quantitative data of a group of patients
All of following comes under random sampling method except: A. Quota sampling B. Simple random sampling C. Stratified sampling D. Cluster sampling
A. Quota sampling
Graph showing relation between 2 variables is: A. Scatter diagram B. Frequency polygon C. Picture chart D. Histogram
A. Scatter diagram
When p<.05 is reported in a journal article that you read for an observed relationship, it means that the author has rejected the null hypothesis (assuming that the author is using a significance or alpha level of .05). a. True b. False
A. True
Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true is called as: A. Type 1 error B. Type 2 error C. Type 3 error D. Type 4 error
A. Type 1 error
True about Standard deviation is/are: (a) 1 SD covers 95% values (b) Indicated distribution of variables (c) Most common method used for dispersion (d) Better indicator of variance than range (e) Should be used only in normal distributions
B,C,D
Power of study can be increased by: A. Increasing alpha error B. Decreasing beta error C. Decreasing alpha error D. Increasing beta error
B. Decreasing beta error
Standard deviation does not depend on: А. Mean B. Median C. Range D. Sample size
B. Median
Histogram is used as method of group presentation for: A. Qualitative data B. Quantitative continuous data c. Quantitative data-discrete type D. Nominal data
B. Quantitative continuous data
Which of the following symbols represents a population parameter? a. SD b. s c. r d. 0
B. S
Which of the following variables is measured on the ordinal scale? A. Type of anemia B. Severity of anemia С. Hemoglobin level D. Serum ferritin level
B. Severity of anemia
Appropriate statistical method to compare two means is: А. Chi-square test B. Student's t-test C. Odds ratio D. Correlation coefficient
B. Student's t-test
A new test is being designed to diagnose cervicali Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Which of the follow ing epidemiologic parameters would directly affect thei positive predictive value of this test? A. Incidence of the disease B. Odds ratio for contracting the disease C. Prevalence of the disease D. Relative risk for contracting the disease
C. Prevalence of the disease
At the age 65, the probability of surviving for the next 5 years is 0.8 for a man named Y and 0.9 for a woman named X. If Y and X are married and aged 65, What is the probability that X , being the wife of y wll be a living widow 5 years later :
Chance of the wife being alive: 90%. Chance of the husband being dead: 100% - 80% = 20%. Therefore, 0.9 × 0.2 = 18%.
What is stratified random sampling
Division of a population into smallersub-groups known as strata. Applied in large non-homogenous population where complete list of individuals is available. For example , you have 3 sub-groups with a population size of 150, 200, 250 subjects in each subgroups respectively. Sampling Interval (K) Q = Total number of units in population/Total number of units in sample.
If the chance of surviving for 1 year after being diagnosed ^with prostate cancer is 80%, and the chance of surviving for 2 years is 60%. What is the chance of surviviing for 2 years given that the patient is alive at the end of the 1st year
Out of 100 patients, 80 are alive at the end of 1 year and 60 at the end of 2 years. The 60 patients alive after 2 years are a subset of those that make it to the first year. Therefore, 60/80 = 75%.
Define mode as a central tendency variable
The value that appears most frequently in a data set. For example in a data of weight of students in a class of 15 if they are 40, 44, 42,40, 44, 44, 48, 40, 46, 46,46, 46, 50, 52, 50 46 kg being maximum number of times in students becomes the mode of the data set
Which ____ percent confidence interval will be the widest (i.e., the least precise) for a particular data set that includes exactly 500 cases? a. 99% b. 95% c. 90% d. None of the above
a. 99%
What is the key question in the field of statistical estimation? a. Based on my random sample, what is my estimate of the population parameter? b. Based on my random sample, what is my estimate of normal distribution? c. Is the value of my sample statistic unlikely enough for me to reject the null hypothesis? d. There is no key question in statistical estimation
a. Based on my random sample, what is my estimate of the population parameter?
A Type I error is also known as a ______. a. False positive b. False negative c. Double negative d. Positive negative
a. False positive
As a general rule, the _______ is the best measure of central tendency because it is more precise. a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
a. Mean
The ______ is the value you calculate when you want the arithmetic average. a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. All of the above
a. Mean
Which measure of central tendency takes into account the magnitude of scores? a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
a. Mean
Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability? a. Median b. Variance c. Standard deviation d. Range
a. Median
If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is __________. a. Negatively skewed b. Positively skewed c. Symmetrically skewed d. Symmetrical
a. Negatively skewed
The "equals" sign (=) is included in which hypothesis when conducting hypothesis testing? a. Null b. Alternative c. It can appear in both the null and the alternative hypothesis
a. Null
How many dependent variables are used in multiple regression? a. One b. One or more c. Two or more d. Two
a. One
A statistical test used to compare 2 or more group means is known as _____. a. One-way analysis of variance b. Post hoc test c. t-test for correlation coefficients d. Simple regression
a. One-way analysis of variance
The car will probably cost about 16,000 dollars; this number sounds more like a(n): a. Point estimate b. Interval estimate
a. Point estimate
____________ is the set of procedures used to explain or predict the values of a dependent variable based on the values of one or more independent variables. a. Regression analysis b. Regression coefficient c. Regression equation d. Regression line
a. Regression analysis
A ______ is a subset of a _________. a. Sample, population b. Population, sample c. Statistic, parameter d. Parameter, statistic
a. Sample, population
________ is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution. a. Standard error b. Sample standard deviation c. Replication error d. Meta error
a. Standard error
Which of the following is the researcher usually interested in supporting when he or she is engaging in hypothesis testing? a. The alternative hypothesis b. The null hypothesis c. Both the alternative and null hypothesis d. Neither the alternative or null hypothesis
a. The alternative hypothesis
The median is ______. a. The middle point b. The highest number c. The average d. Affected by extreme scores
a. The middle point
The denominator (bottom) of the z-score formula is a. The standard deviation b. The difference between a score and the mean c. The range d. The mean
a. The standard deviation
Why are variance and standard deviation the most popular measures of variability? a. They are the most stable and are foundations for more advanced statistical analysis b. They are the most simple to calculate with large data sets c. They provide nominally scaled data d. None of the above
a. They are the most stable and are foundations for more advanced statistical analysis
A set of data organized in a participants(rows)-by-variables(columns) format is known as a "data set." a. True b. False
a. True
An effect size indicator is a statistical measure of the strength of a relationship. a. True b. False
a. True
Assuming innocence until "proven" guilty, a Type I error occurs when an innocent person is found guilty. a. True b. False
a. True
Hypothesis testing and estimation are the two key branches of the field of inferential statistics? a. True b. False
a. True
If a finding is statistically significant one must also interpret the data, calculate an effect size indicator, and make an assessment of practical significance. a. True b. False
a. True
When the researcher rejects a true null hypothesis, a ____ error occurs. a. Type I b. Type A c. Type II d. Type B
a. Type I
Which is a raw score that has been transformed into standard deviation units? a. z score b. SDU score c. t score d. e score
a. z score
What is the mean of this set of numbers: 4, 6, 7, 9, 2000000? a. 7.5 b. 400,005.2 c. 7 d. 4
b. 400,005.2
As a general rule, researchers tend to use ____ percent confidence intervals. a. 99% b. 95% c. 50% d. none of the above
b. 95%
A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called a ____. a. Line graph b. Bar graph c. Scatterplot d. Vertical graph
b. Bar graph
_________ are the values that mark the boundaries of the confidence interval. a. Confidence intervals b. Confidence limits c. Levels of confidence d. Margin of error
b. Confidence limits
The goal of ___________ is to focus on summarizing and explaining a specific set of data. a. Inferential statistics b. Descriptive statistics c. None of the above d. All of the above
b. Descriptive statistics
Hypothesis testing and estimation are both types of descriptive statistics. a. True b. False
b. False
The p-value used in statistical significance testing should be used to assess how strong a relationship is. For example, if relationship A has a p=.04 and relationship B has a p=.03 then you can conclude that relationship B is stronger than relationship A. a. True b. False
b. False
When a set of numbers is heterogeneous, you can place more trust in the measure of central tendency as representing the typical person or unit. a. True b. False
b. False
When p>05 is reported in a journal article that you read for an observed relationship, it means that the author has rejected the null hypothesis (assuming that the author is using a significance or alpha level of .05). a. True b. False
b. False
A Type II error is also known as a ______. a. False positive b. False negative c. Double negative d. Positive negative
b. False negative
The use of the laws of probability to make inferences and draw statistical conclusions about populations based on sample data is referred to as ___________. a. Descriptive statistics b. Inferential statistics c. Sample statistics d. Population statistics
b. Inferential statistics
The _______ is often the preferred measure of central tendency if the data are severely skewed. a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
b. Median
Which of the following represents the fiftieth percentile, or the middle point in a set of numbers arranged in order of magnitude? a. Mode b. Median c. Mean d. Variance
b. Median
If a test was generally very easy, except for a few students who had very low scores, then the distribution of scores would be _____. a. Positively skewed b. Negatively skewed c. Not skewed at all d. Normal
b. Negatively skewed
Which of the following is interpreted as the percentage of scores in a reference group that falls below a particular raw score? a. Standard scores b. Percentile rank c. Reference group d. None of the above
b. Percentile rank
Which of the following is NOT a common measure of central tendency? a. Mode b. Range c. Median d. Mean
b. Range
This is the difference between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter. a. Standard error b. Sampling error c. Difference error d. None of the above
b. Sampling error
The analysis of variance is a statistical test that is used to compare how many group means? a. Three or more b. Two or more
b. Two or more
_____ results if you fail to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is actually false. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Type III error d. Type IV error
b. Type II error
__________ is the failure to reject a false null hypothesis. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Type A error d. Type B error
b. Type II error
What is the median of this set of numbers: 4, 6, 7, 9, 2000000? a. 7.5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 4
c. 7
A post hoc test is ___. a. A test to compare two or more means in one overall test b. A test to determine regression to the mean c. A follow-up test to the analysis of variance when there are three or more groups d. A follow-up test to the independent t-test
c. A follow-up test to the analysis of variance when there are three or more groups
If you drew all possible samples from some population, calculated the mean for each of the samples, and constructed a line graph (showing the shape of the distribution) based on all of those means, what would you have? a. A population distribution b. A sample distribution c. A sampling distribution d. A parameter distribution
c. A sampling distribution
All of the following are example of nominal scale except: A. Race B. Sex c. Body Weight D. Socioeconomic Status
c. Body Weight
In a grouped frequency distribution, the intervals should be what? a. Mutually exclusive b. Exhaustive c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B
c. Both A and B
To interpret the relationship between two categorical variables, a contingency table should be constructed with either column or row percentages, and ----. a. If the percentages are calculated down the columns, then comparisons should be made across the rows b. If the percentages are calculated across the rows, comparisons should be made down the columns c. Both a and b are correct d. Neither a nor b is correct
c. Both a and b are correct
. A ________ is a range of numbers inferred from the sample that has a certain probability of including the population parameter over the long run. a. Hypothesis b. Lower limit c. Confidence interval d. Probability limit
c. Confidence interval
Focusing on describing or explaining data versus going beyond immediate data and making inferences is the difference between _______. a. Central tendency and common tendency b. Mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive properties c. Descriptive and inferential d. Positive skew and negative skew
c. Descriptive and inferential
Identify which of the following steps would not be included in hypothesis testing. a. State the null and alternative hypotheses b. Set the significance level before the research study c. Eliminate all outliers d. Obtain the probability value using a computer program such as SPSS e. Compare the probability value to the significance level and make the statistical decision
c. Eliminate all outliers
A good way to get a small standard error is to use a ________. a. Repeated sampling b. Small sample c. Large sample d. Large population
c. Large sample
The most frequently occurring number in a set of values is called the ____. a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
c. Mode
Non-overlapping categories or intervals are known as ______. a. Inclusive b. Exhaustive c. Mutually exclusive d. Mutually exclusive and exhaustive
c. Mutually exclusive
What is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution called? a. Sampling error b. Sample error c. Standard error d. Simple error
c. Standard error
A _______ is a numerical characteristic of a sample and a ______ is a numerical characteristic of a population. a. Sample, population b. Population, sample c. Statistic, parameter d. Parameter, statistic
c. Statistic, parameter
Which of the following statements sounds like a null hypothesis? a. The coin is not fair b. There is a correlation in the population c. There is no difference between male and female incomes in the population d. The defendant is guilty
c. There is no difference between male and female incomes in the population
What is the median of the following set of scores? 18, 6, 12, 10, 14 ? a. 10 b. 14 c. 18 d. 12
d. 12
Approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution? a. 34% b. 95% c. 99% d. 68%
d. 68%
Let's suppose we are predicting score on a training posttest from number of years of education and the score on an aptitude test given before training. Here is the regression equation Y = 25 + .5X1 +10X2, where X1 = years of education and X2 = aptitude test score. What is the predicted score for someone with 10 years of education and a aptitude test score of 5? a. 25 b. 50 c. 35 d. 80
d. 80
A sampling distribution might be based on which of the following? a. Sample means b. Sample correlations c. Sample proportions d. All of the above
d. All of the above
The standard deviation is: a. The square root of the variance b. A measure of variability c. An approximate indicator of how numbers vary from the mean d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What does it mean when you calculate a 95% confidence interval? a. The process you used will capture the true parameter 95% of the time in the long run b. You can be "95% confident" that your interval will include the population parameter c. You can be "5% confident" that your interval will not include the population parameter d. All of the above statements are true
d. All of the above statements are true
As sample size goes up, what tends to happen to 95% confidence intervals? a. They become more precise b. They become more narrow c. They become wider d. Both a and b
d. Both a and b
The cutoff the researcher uses to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis is called the: a. Significance level b. Alpha level c. Probability value d. Both a and b are correct
d. Both a and b are correct
Which of the following is the formula for range? a. H + L b. L x H c. L - H d. H - L
d. H - L
What would happen (other things equal) to a confidence interval if you calculated a 99 percent confidence interval rather than a 95 percent confidence interval? a. It will be narrower b. It will not change c. The sample size will increase d. It will become wider
d. It will become wider
___________ are used when you want to visually examine the relationship between two quantitative variables. a. Bar graphs b. Pie graphs c. Line graphs d. Scatterplots
d. Scatterplots
A statistical test used to determine whether a correlation coefficient is statistically significant is called the ___________. a. One-way analysis of variance b. t-test for independent samples c. Chi-square test for contingency tables d. t-test for correlation coefficients
d. t-test for correlation coefficients
Which of the following can be viewed as an effect size indicator? a. r-squared b. r c. Eta-squared d. Omega-squared e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following statements is/are true according to the logic of hypothesis testing? a. When the null hypothesis is true, it should be rejected b. When the null hypothesis is true, it should not be rejected c. When the null hypothesis is false, it should be rejected d. When the null hypothesis is false, it should not be rejected e. Both b and c are true
e. Both b and c are true
You are preparing a report to present to the Public Health Council on the declining rates of gonorrhoea in your state in both men and women over the last 10 years. Which type of graph would best illustrate the data? a. Bar chart b. Histogram c. Pie chart d. Frequency polygon e. Line graph
e. Line graph
In a left skewed curve, true statement is: • (a) Mean = Median [DNB June 2011] • (b) Mean < Mode • (c) Mean >Mode • (d) Mean = Mode
• (b) Mean < Mode