Blood and ANS

Which ONE of the following is likely to cause a significant transfusion reaction, assuming this is the first transfusion for all recipients?

A person who is blood groupAB positive donates to a person who is blood group A positive

Which ONE of the following statements about the ANS is CORRECT

Areas related to autonomic function in the brainstem regulate cardiovascular and respiratory function

Which ONE of the following statements about haemostats is CORRECT?

Calcium ions are required for several steps of the prothrombin activation cascade

Which ONE of the following statements about erythropoietin is CORRECT?

Erythropoietin stimulates the production of pro erythroblasts from the bone marrow

Which ONE of the following statements about haemoglobin is INCORRECT?

Haemoglobin is an excellent acid-bace buffer because the iron binds to bicarbonate

The main site of haematopoiesis in the fetes from the second to the seventh month is the:

Liver

In healthy cells, arachidonic acid is converted to ____ which ____ formation of blood clots

Prostacyclin; inhibits

Which ONE of the following statements about haemostats is CORRECT

The extrinsic pathway is initiated by the release of factor III from damaged tissue complex with factor VII and V

Which ONE of the following statements about iron metabolism in humans is INCORRECT?

Vitamin C can increase iron absorption by oxidising ferrous ions to ferric ions

The primary neurotransmitter used by both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons is:

acetylcholine at pre-ganglionic synapses

Which ONE of the following triggers erythropoietin release?

decreased blood oxygen levels

The human erythrocyte:

develops from a committed myeloid stem cell

Which type of leukocyte defends against parasitic infections

eosinophils

The ANS has a hierarchy of levels of reflex control. Which answer CORRECTLY orders these reflex loops from low level to high level?

ganglion, spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus

Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT? Neutrophils:

generally have a single large non-segmented nuclei

The parasympathetic system has neurons that

have short post ganglionc axons

Pernicious anaemia is associated with which ONE of the following?

insufficient vitamin B12

Which ONE of the following statements about human lymphocytes is INCORRECT

lymphocytes are the largest of all the white blood cells in humans

Which regard to the transmitters and receptors employed in the autonomic nervous system

noradrenaline acts on alpha receptors

The first step of haemostats is

vascular spasm