Blood and ANS
Which ONE of the following is likely to cause a significant transfusion reaction, assuming this is the first transfusion for all recipients?
A person who is blood groupAB positive donates to a person who is blood group A positive
Which ONE of the following statements about the ANS is CORRECT
Areas related to autonomic function in the brainstem regulate cardiovascular and respiratory function
Which ONE of the following statements about haemostats is CORRECT?
Calcium ions are required for several steps of the prothrombin activation cascade
Which ONE of the following statements about erythropoietin is CORRECT?
Erythropoietin stimulates the production of pro erythroblasts from the bone marrow
Which ONE of the following statements about haemoglobin is INCORRECT?
Haemoglobin is an excellent acid-bace buffer because the iron binds to bicarbonate
The main site of haematopoiesis in the fetes from the second to the seventh month is the:
Liver
In healthy cells, arachidonic acid is converted to ____ which ____ formation of blood clots
Prostacyclin; inhibits
Which ONE of the following statements about haemostats is CORRECT
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by the release of factor III from damaged tissue complex with factor VII and V
Which ONE of the following statements about iron metabolism in humans is INCORRECT?
Vitamin C can increase iron absorption by oxidising ferrous ions to ferric ions
The primary neurotransmitter used by both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons is:
acetylcholine at pre-ganglionic synapses
Which ONE of the following triggers erythropoietin release?
decreased blood oxygen levels
The human erythrocyte:
develops from a committed myeloid stem cell
Which type of leukocyte defends against parasitic infections
eosinophils
The ANS has a hierarchy of levels of reflex control. Which answer CORRECTLY orders these reflex loops from low level to high level?
ganglion, spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus
Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT? Neutrophils:
generally have a single large non-segmented nuclei
The parasympathetic system has neurons that
have short post ganglionc axons
Pernicious anaemia is associated with which ONE of the following?
insufficient vitamin B12
Which ONE of the following statements about human lymphocytes is INCORRECT
lymphocytes are the largest of all the white blood cells in humans
Which regard to the transmitters and receptors employed in the autonomic nervous system
noradrenaline acts on alpha receptors
The first step of haemostats is
vascular spasm
