Blood-Exercise 29
If you have a high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin determination to be high or low?
High because the more erythrocytes you have means you have more hemoglobin needed for oxygen bonding
Why might patients with kidney disease suffer from anemia?
Kidneys release erythropoietin to stimulate red bone marrow to make more RBC. If kidney doesn't function RBC reduction decreases causing anemia
#19
Look in packet
Increases in number during prolonged infections
Monocyte
Most numerous leukocyte
Neutrophil
Granulocytes (3)
Neutrophil, Esoinophil, Basophil
Five types of white blood cells
Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte
Describe the structural characteristics of Eosinophils and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population
-2-4% of WBC count -bilobe nucleus, large cytoplasmic granules, stains red-orange
Describe the structural characteristics of Monocytes and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population
-3-8% of WBC count -kidney shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm -stains grey-blue
Describe the structural characteristics of Neutrophils and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population
-50-70% of WBC count -nucleus has 3-6 lobes and pale lilac cytoplasm w/ fine cytoplasmic granules
Describe the structural characteristics of Lumphocytes and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population
-about 25% (little more) -nucleus is spherical or slightly indented (makes up most cells mass) -cytoplasm is thin blue rim around nucleus
Normal range for plasma cholesterol concentration
130-200 mg/100 ml
What is the blood volume of an average-size adult female?
4-5 Liters
What is the blood volume of an average-size adult male?
5-6 Liters
To what ABO blood group could you give blood if you're AB blood type?
AB bl type
Releases histamine; promotes inflammation
Basophil
Why is type O blood the most common?
Because it can usually give blood to other ABO types w/o causing ABO transfusion reaction; no anti-A or anti-B antigen and no Rh antegin
What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull brick-red?
Depends on the amount of oxygen it's carrying or bound too. The more oxygen the brighter the redness
Long-term effect of athletic training
Endurance training enlarges blood volume causing lower RBC per unit. Aka sports anemia
Number rises during parasite infections
Eosinophil
What is the body's natural anticoagulant?
Heparin
Explain why an Rh-negative person does not have a transfusion on the first exposure to Rh-positive blood but does have a reaction on the second exposure.
Rh antigens of donor sensitize recipient on 1st time, but 2nd time doesn't sensitize and reaction happens.
Which ABO blood type is most common?
Type O- bl
What is an anticoagulant?
agent inhibiting blood from clotting
Abnormal increase in number of WBC
leukocytosis
Abnormal decrease in number of WBC
leukopenia
Define Hematocrit
percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC
Abnormal increase in number of RBC
polycythemia
Describe the structural characteristics of Basophils and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population
-less then 1% -large U or S shaped nucleus w/ 2 or more indentations -cytoplasm contains course, sparse granules
Permanent move from sea level to a high-altitude area
A prolonged period of oxygen deprivation results in more RBC production. The less oxygen the higher you are above sea level increases your blood cell count
If your blood clumped with both Anti-A and Anti-B sera, our ABO blood type would be?
AB blood type
From which ABO donor types could you receive blood if you're AB?
All donor types
List the four classes of nutrients normally found in plasma
Amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, vitamins
Condition of too few RBC's or of RBC's with hemoglobin deficiencies
Anemia
Why is differential WBC count more valuable than a total WBC count when trying to pin down the specific source of pathology?
Differential WBC is more valuable because any change or abnormal count (increase/decrease) of any WBC can indicate a problem
What name is given to the process of RBC production?
Erythropoiesis
What hormone acts as a stimulus for erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin
Red blood cells, megakaryocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte
Formed elements
Name two anticoagulants
Heparin and EDTA (ethylenediaminetraacetic acid)
How can patients with kidney problems be treated?
Iron supplements and EPO
Many formed in lymphoid tissue
Lymphocyte
Agranulocytes (2)
Lymphocyte, Monocyte
Precursor cell of platelets
Megakaryocyte
Two gases normally found in plasma
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Primarily water, noncellular; fluid matrix of blood
Plasma
Describe the consistency and color of plasma
Plasma is slippery (gelatinous) fluid. It has a yellowish color.
Aka erythrocyte; anucleate formed element
Red Blood Cell
Transports oxygen
Red Blood Cells
Three ions normally found in plasma
Sodium, potassium, calcium
What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched fro the first time?
The antibodies bind w/ each other causing blood to clump and the blood doesn't work properly
What is the average life span of a red blood cell? How does it anucleate condition affect this life span?
The average life span of a RBC is 100-120 days. (Development is about 15 days). Being anucleated it's unable to reproduce or repair damage during circulation.
Describe the relationship between high blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, heart attacks, and strokes.
High LDL levels take up a lot of cholesterol and deposit it in arteriosclerotic plaques. This narrows the vessels, reduces blood flow to more distal tissues, and increases risk for thrombus formation. -if blood flow to region of heart is obstructed completely (heart attack) -if blood flow to region of brain is obstructed (stroke)
Actively phagocytic leukocyte
Neutrophil, Monocyte