Blood-Exercise 29

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If you have a high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin determination to be high or low?

High because the more erythrocytes you have means you have more hemoglobin needed for oxygen bonding

Why might patients with kidney disease suffer from anemia?

Kidneys release erythropoietin to stimulate red bone marrow to make more RBC. If kidney doesn't function RBC reduction decreases causing anemia

#19

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Increases in number during prolonged infections

Monocyte

Most numerous leukocyte

Neutrophil

Granulocytes (3)

Neutrophil, Esoinophil, Basophil

Five types of white blood cells

Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte

Describe the structural characteristics of Eosinophils and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population

-2-4% of WBC count -bilobe nucleus, large cytoplasmic granules, stains red-orange

Describe the structural characteristics of Monocytes and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population

-3-8% of WBC count -kidney shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm -stains grey-blue

Describe the structural characteristics of Neutrophils and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population

-50-70% of WBC count -nucleus has 3-6 lobes and pale lilac cytoplasm w/ fine cytoplasmic granules

Describe the structural characteristics of Lumphocytes and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population

-about 25% (little more) -nucleus is spherical or slightly indented (makes up most cells mass) -cytoplasm is thin blue rim around nucleus

Normal range for plasma cholesterol concentration

130-200 mg/100 ml

What is the blood volume of an average-size adult female?

4-5 Liters

What is the blood volume of an average-size adult male?

5-6 Liters

To what ABO blood group could you give blood if you're AB blood type?

AB bl type

Releases histamine; promotes inflammation

Basophil

Why is type O blood the most common?

Because it can usually give blood to other ABO types w/o causing ABO transfusion reaction; no anti-A or anti-B antigen and no Rh antegin

What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull brick-red?

Depends on the amount of oxygen it's carrying or bound too. The more oxygen the brighter the redness

Long-term effect of athletic training

Endurance training enlarges blood volume causing lower RBC per unit. Aka sports anemia

Number rises during parasite infections

Eosinophil

What is the body's natural anticoagulant?

Heparin

Explain why an Rh-negative person does not have a transfusion on the first exposure to Rh-positive blood but does have a reaction on the second exposure.

Rh antigens of donor sensitize recipient on 1st time, but 2nd time doesn't sensitize and reaction happens.

Which ABO blood type is most common?

Type O- bl

What is an anticoagulant?

agent inhibiting blood from clotting

Abnormal increase in number of WBC

leukocytosis

Abnormal decrease in number of WBC

leukopenia

Define Hematocrit

percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

Abnormal increase in number of RBC

polycythemia

Describe the structural characteristics of Basophils and the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population

-less then 1% -large U or S shaped nucleus w/ 2 or more indentations -cytoplasm contains course, sparse granules

Permanent move from sea level to a high-altitude area

A prolonged period of oxygen deprivation results in more RBC production. The less oxygen the higher you are above sea level increases your blood cell count

If your blood clumped with both Anti-A and Anti-B sera, our ABO blood type would be?

AB blood type

From which ABO donor types could you receive blood if you're AB?

All donor types

List the four classes of nutrients normally found in plasma

Amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, vitamins

Condition of too few RBC's or of RBC's with hemoglobin deficiencies

Anemia

Why is differential WBC count more valuable than a total WBC count when trying to pin down the specific source of pathology?

Differential WBC is more valuable because any change or abnormal count (increase/decrease) of any WBC can indicate a problem

What name is given to the process of RBC production?

Erythropoiesis

What hormone acts as a stimulus for erythropoiesis?

Erythropoietin

Red blood cells, megakaryocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte

Formed elements

Name two anticoagulants

Heparin and EDTA (ethylenediaminetraacetic acid)

How can patients with kidney problems be treated?

Iron supplements and EPO

Many formed in lymphoid tissue

Lymphocyte

Agranulocytes (2)

Lymphocyte, Monocyte

Precursor cell of platelets

Megakaryocyte

Two gases normally found in plasma

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Primarily water, noncellular; fluid matrix of blood

Plasma

Describe the consistency and color of plasma

Plasma is slippery (gelatinous) fluid. It has a yellowish color.

Aka erythrocyte; anucleate formed element

Red Blood Cell

Transports oxygen

Red Blood Cells

Three ions normally found in plasma

Sodium, potassium, calcium

What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched fro the first time?

The antibodies bind w/ each other causing blood to clump and the blood doesn't work properly

What is the average life span of a red blood cell? How does it anucleate condition affect this life span?

The average life span of a RBC is 100-120 days. (Development is about 15 days). Being anucleated it's unable to reproduce or repair damage during circulation.

Describe the relationship between high blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, heart attacks, and strokes.

High LDL levels take up a lot of cholesterol and deposit it in arteriosclerotic plaques. This narrows the vessels, reduces blood flow to more distal tissues, and increases risk for thrombus formation. -if blood flow to region of heart is obstructed completely (heart attack) -if blood flow to region of brain is obstructed (stroke)

Actively phagocytic leukocyte

Neutrophil, Monocyte


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