Blood pressure

Health Measurement

120/80 mmHg

Cardiac cycle

Beginning of the first heart beat to the beginning of the next.

How is Blood pressure measured

By the force of blood on artery walls and in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Pulse pressure

Difference between maximum and minimum pressures measured. ~=(SP-DP)

M.A.P

Mean Arterial pressure, average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. ~+DP+ 1/3 (SP-DP)

Atrial Systole

Phase 1. It occurs when the atria are electrically stimulated and is denoted as the P-wave in an ECG and causes the atria to contract.

Ventricular Systole

Phase 2. It occurs when the ventricles are electrically stimulated and is denoted as the QRS-wave segment in an ECG reading. causes the ventricles to contract and it is here we get our systolic pressure reading.

Early diastole

Phase 3. It is when the heart begins to relax after its stimulation and is denoted as the T wave in an ECG. Here the ventricles relax

Diastole

Phase 4. The heart finishes up its relaxation period. This moment is denoted as the TP-period in the ECG reading. The diastolic pressure reading comes from the diastolic period of phases of the cardiac cycle

Blood pressure measurement

Systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.

Arteries

Take blood away from the heart

Blood Pressure

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in relation to the size and condition of the arteries

Systole

Ventricles contract. Blood pressure is highest. Occurs at the beginning of cardiac cycle

What factors affect blood pressure

Volume of water in body Salt content of body Condition of Kidneys, Nervous system and blood vessels Levels of various hormones in body

veins

bring deoxygenated blood to the heart

Arterial pressure

is the force exerted by the blood upon the walls of the arteries

Venous pressure

is the force exerted by the blood upon the walls of the veins

Diastole

ventricles relax and refill. Blood pressure is lowest. resting phase in the cardiac cycle