blood vessel pretest

arrange the structures in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

Which vessel is missing in the following statement? Tracing venous blood from the inferior left side of the posterior abdominal wall to the heart, we find that blood enters the posterior intercostal veins, the hemiazygos vein, the superior vena cava, and the right atrium

the azygos vein

functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to veins) because

the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood

the abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries

the common iliac arteries

the hepatic portal system has two distinct capillary beds separated by a portal vein. what are the functions of these two capillary beds?

the first picks up digested nutrients, and the second delivers these nutrients to liver cells

most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. however, systemic venous blood that is not oxygen poor and is nutrient rich occurs in

the hepatic portal vein

which body tissues lack capillaries

the lens and cornea

of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is the external carotid artery the subclavian artery the femoral artery the brachial artery none of the above

the subclavian artery

compared to arteries, veins have ____ walls

thinner walls

the ___ delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland

thyrocervical trunk

which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers

tunica externa

which of the following innermost layer of a blood vessel

tunica intima

the layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vascoconstriction is the

tunica media

the muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue

tunica media

the brachial artery branches to form the radial and ____ arteries

ulnar

in the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the

umbilical vein

venae cavae are the largest of this type of vessel

vein

blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

the large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

the thoroughfare channel ends at the

venule

after blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

which of the following are the smallest venous vessels

venules

which vessel is missing from the following statement? tracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains form the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava

hepatic vein

an important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ____ artery

internal carotid

blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ___ vein

internal jugular

the inferior vena cava is classified as a

large vein

major branches of the subclavian artery include the ___ artery

lateral thoracic

pulmonary veins carry blood to the

left atrium

branches of the aortic arch include the

left common carotid artery, brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery

the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the

left renal vein

pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

blood passing through the fetal ductus arteriosus bypasses the

lungs, left atrium, and ventricle

precapillary sphincters allow blood to leave this structure and enter true capillaries

metarerioles

the brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery

muscular

branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the ___ arteries

basilar

each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle, except the

basilar artery

the two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the

basilar artery

after entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ____ artery

brachial

the radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ___ vein

brachial

veins of the upper arm include the ___ veins

brachial, cephalic, and basilic

the vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the __ vein

brachiocephalic

the correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

the superior sagittal sinus collects blood from the

brain

exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries

these vessels may be continuous or fenestrated

capillaries

RBCs move single file through this structure

capillary

which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach

celiac trunk

the internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the

cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)

venous valves are responsible for

channeling blood toward the heart

which of the following obeys the rule that arteries carry blood away from the heart -left circumflex artery -right coronary artery -common carotid artery -left descending artery -marginal artery

common carotid artery

near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ___ arteries

common iliac

capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

the ____ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

diaphragm

as blood travels from arteries to veins, pressure ____

drops

what vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs

ductus arteriosus

collective name for the structures that drain the cranium

dural sinuses

veins of the brain empty into

dural sinuses

the __ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein

external iliac

the ___ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein

external iliac

when the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the __ vein

femoral

when the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ___ vein

femoral

the external iliac artery branches to form the ___ arteries

femoral and deep femoral

capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

which vessel is most commonly used to bypass a damged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery

great saphenous vein

the circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called

hepatic portal circulation

nutrients from the digestive tract enter the

hepatic portal vein

the dorsalis pedis artery is located by

palpating between the first and second metatarsal

at the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ___ artery

popliteal

which arteries connect the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery forming the posterior aspect of the cerebral arterial circle

posterior communicating arteries

the smallest arterial branches are called the

precapillary arterioles

blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincter

structure that regulates blood flow into true capillaries

precapillary sphincter

blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except -pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein muscular compression -the respiratory pump -valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood -the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm

radial

the foramen ovale in the heart normally closes

shortly after birth

at the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ___ vein

subclavian

the fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the

superior vena cava

the vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava

relative to the lumen, which these vessels has the thickest tunica media -capillaries -veins -arteries venules -arterioles

arterioles

blood pressure is highest here

artery

after passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ___ artery

axillary

the diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of

an erythrocyte

the internal carotid artery branches to form the

anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries

the pulse of the facial artery is palpated

anterior to the masseter muscle at the inferior margin of the mandible

elastic fibers in the walls of these vessels are stretched during systole

arteries

which of the following statements about arteries is false -arteries have a smaller lumen than veins of similar size -arteries have more elastin than veins -arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart -arterial walls are thicker than venous walls

arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart

which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine

inferior mesenteric artery

the lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the

inferior vena cava

the two common iliac veins form the

inferior vena cava