blood vessel pretest
arrange the structures in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
Which vessel is missing in the following statement? Tracing venous blood from the inferior left side of the posterior abdominal wall to the heart, we find that blood enters the posterior intercostal veins, the hemiazygos vein, the superior vena cava, and the right atrium
the azygos vein
functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to veins) because
the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood
the abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries
the common iliac arteries
the hepatic portal system has two distinct capillary beds separated by a portal vein. what are the functions of these two capillary beds?
the first picks up digested nutrients, and the second delivers these nutrients to liver cells
most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. however, systemic venous blood that is not oxygen poor and is nutrient rich occurs in
the hepatic portal vein
which body tissues lack capillaries
the lens and cornea
of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is the external carotid artery the subclavian artery the femoral artery the brachial artery none of the above
the subclavian artery
compared to arteries, veins have ____ walls
thinner walls
the ___ delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland
thyrocervical trunk
which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers
tunica externa
which of the following innermost layer of a blood vessel
tunica intima
the layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vascoconstriction is the
tunica media
the muscular layer of a blood vessel is the
tunica media
which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue
tunica media
the brachial artery branches to form the radial and ____ arteries
ulnar
in the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the
umbilical vein
venae cavae are the largest of this type of vessel
vein
blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
the large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
veins
the thoroughfare channel ends at the
venule
after blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
which of the following are the smallest venous vessels
venules
which vessel is missing from the following statement? tracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains form the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava
hepatic vein
an important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ____ artery
internal carotid
blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ___ vein
internal jugular
the inferior vena cava is classified as a
large vein
major branches of the subclavian artery include the ___ artery
lateral thoracic
pulmonary veins carry blood to the
left atrium
branches of the aortic arch include the
left common carotid artery, brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery
the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the
left renal vein
pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs
blood passing through the fetal ductus arteriosus bypasses the
lungs, left atrium, and ventricle
precapillary sphincters allow blood to leave this structure and enter true capillaries
metarerioles
the brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery
muscular
branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the ___ arteries
basilar
each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle, except the
basilar artery
the two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the
basilar artery
after entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ____ artery
brachial
the radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ___ vein
brachial
veins of the upper arm include the ___ veins
brachial, cephalic, and basilic
the vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the __ vein
brachiocephalic
the correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
the superior sagittal sinus collects blood from the
brain
exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
capillaries
these vessels may be continuous or fenestrated
capillaries
RBCs move single file through this structure
capillary
which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach
celiac trunk
the internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the
cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
venous valves are responsible for
channeling blood toward the heart
which of the following obeys the rule that arteries carry blood away from the heart -left circumflex artery -right coronary artery -common carotid artery -left descending artery -marginal artery
common carotid artery
near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ___ arteries
common iliac
capillaries that have a complete lining are called
continuous capillaries
the ____ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta
diaphragm
as blood travels from arteries to veins, pressure ____
drops
what vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs
ductus arteriosus
collective name for the structures that drain the cranium
dural sinuses
veins of the brain empty into
dural sinuses
the __ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein
external iliac
the ___ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein
external iliac
when the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the __ vein
femoral
when the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ___ vein
femoral
the external iliac artery branches to form the ___ arteries
femoral and deep femoral
capillaries with a perforated lining are called
fenestrated capillaries
which vessel is most commonly used to bypass a damged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery
great saphenous vein
the circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called
hepatic portal circulation
nutrients from the digestive tract enter the
hepatic portal vein
the dorsalis pedis artery is located by
palpating between the first and second metatarsal
at the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ___ artery
popliteal
which arteries connect the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery forming the posterior aspect of the cerebral arterial circle
posterior communicating arteries
the smallest arterial branches are called the
precapillary arterioles
blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincter
structure that regulates blood flow into true capillaries
precapillary sphincter
blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except -pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein muscular compression -the respiratory pump -valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood -the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein
which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm
radial
the foramen ovale in the heart normally closes
shortly after birth
at the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ___ vein
subclavian
the fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the
superior vena cava
the vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
superior vena cava
relative to the lumen, which these vessels has the thickest tunica media -capillaries -veins -arteries venules -arterioles
arterioles
blood pressure is highest here
artery
after passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ___ artery
axillary
the diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of
an erythrocyte
the internal carotid artery branches to form the
anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries
the pulse of the facial artery is palpated
anterior to the masseter muscle at the inferior margin of the mandible
elastic fibers in the walls of these vessels are stretched during systole
arteries
which of the following statements about arteries is false -arteries have a smaller lumen than veins of similar size -arteries have more elastin than veins -arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart -arterial walls are thicker than venous walls
arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart
which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric artery
the lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the
inferior vena cava
the two common iliac veins form the
inferior vena cava