BMGT Test #2 Chapters 7-12

The consideration leadership behavior identified by the Ohio State studies corresponds to the ______ leadership behavior identified by the Michigan studies.

employee-centered

_________________ is the process through which the symbols that carry a message are sent to the receiver.

encoding

__________ leadership refers to the demonstration of morally upright conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers.

ethical

When all other options have failed, what strategy may be used for dealing with challenges faced by multicultural teams?

exit

Which of the following is an effective conflict resolution behavior?

expressing emotions

Within the communication process, a check on the success of the communication is called __________________.

feedback

According to Hersey and Blanchard, what does appropriate leader behavior depend on?

follower readiness

_________ ties refer to relationships with coworkers, bosses, and others we know because of the roles we hold.

formal

When all team members from all teams are rewarded based on the performance of the organization, division, or plant, this system is called:

gain-sharing

The fourth step in the rational decision making process is to ________________

generate alternatives

Research has shown that managers who have good conflict resolution skills __________ than managers who don't.

get more promotions

By definition, ______________ conflict occurs between groups at the same organizational level.

horizontal

What type of communication occurs when someone in an organization communicates with others at the same organizational level?

horizontal communication

Social loafing is less common when tasks are very ______________

important

In LMX theory, the subset of subordinates who have a special relationship with the leader is called the ___________

in-group

Relationships based on friendship and choice are called _________ ties.

informal

___________ diversity is diversity in knowledge and experience.

informational

The further a conflict escalates, the ___________ it is to reverse.

more difficult

Group polarization is the phenomenon that members' opinions tend to be _______ extreme before a discussion _______ they are after a discussion.

more, than

Social loafing often results from the assumption by some group members that if they do not work hard:

others will pick up the slack

Leaders who are "coaches" within an organization are typically LEAST likely to

oversee a group's day-to-day operations.

According to Project GLOBE, the term __________ leadership refers to the degree to which leaders involve others in making decisions.

participative

A group works effectively toward accomplishing its goals during which stage?

performing

At what phase of team implementation is performance usually above prior levels?

phase 4

Informational diversity has a _______ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a ________ impact.

positive, negative

According to prospect theory, people are more strongly motivated by ________ than by ________.

potential losses, potential gains

What term refers to the performance improvements that occur because people work together rather than independently?

process gain

What type of decisions are routine, address specific problems, and result in relatively structured solutions?

programmed

An information ___________ occurs when someone receives the information they requested.

pull

Acts of vengeance fall under which category of ineffective conflict resolution behaviors?

retaliation

Satisficing refers to making a _________ rather than _________ decision.

satisfactory, optimal

According to Project GLOBE, a status conscious leader concerned with saving face most likely follows which leadership style?

self-protective

Convergent thinking is a skill that allows people to see __________ situations, phenomena, or events.

similarities amoung

Group composition is the degree of _______ or _______ among group members on factors important to the group's work.

similarity/difference

___________ happen(s) when people are motivated to look good to others and want to maintain a positive self-image.

social faciliation

Which of the following is NOT a strength of cross-functional teams?

specializing in a specific area

Which of the following is NOT a way that a group leader can fight against the onset of groupthink?

state her view to get the discussion started

Group members tend to ask the leader about a group's purpose and goals during which stage?

storming

Of the following communication media, which one is the "richest?"

videoconferencing

Distributive negotiation is _________

zero sum

Which of the following is not a recommended suggestion for running an effective job interview meeting?

Standing as close to the candidate as possible.

_________________ determine(s) the degree to which subordinates should participate in the decision-making process, according to Vroom's decision tree approach.

The characteristics of the situation

In which conflict management style does each side sacrifice something in order to end the conflict?

compromising

Which conflict management style exhibits an "I lose / you lose" mentality?

compromising

On the Leadership Grid, what label reflects a leader's focus on efficiency, productivity, and goals when deciding how to best accomplish a task?

concern for production

When there is no known information regarding the outcome of a decision, but enough information exists to estimate the probabilities of several outcomes, a ___________________ exists.

condition of risk

What term refers to conflict due to incompatible needs or competition over perceived or actual resource constraints?

conflicts of interests

What term refers to the encoded information of the communication process?

message

How many separate decision trees are there in Vroom's decision tree approach?

2

How many leadership styles does the Hersey and Blanchard model enumerate?

4

According to the leadership grid approach, the ideal manager has a ________ rating on the leadership grid.

9,9

_____________ is more closely associated with management than with leadership.

Acquiring resources

Which of the following is not a recommended suggestion for running an effective meeting?

Allow participants to engage in interpersonal issues.

__________ involves a 3rd party in a negotiation to overcome a stalemate between the parties.

Alternative dispute resolution

Which acronym serves as a reminder that when you negotiate, you shouldn't accept an offer that is worse than what you'd get if didn't negotiate at all?

BATNA

__________ is the act of persisting with a failing course of action.

Escalation of commitment

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,1 rating on the Leadership Grid?

I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position.

Which of the following statements is most associated with emotion-based decision making?

I plan my life based on how I feel

__________ refers to guiding and influencing others to work willingly toward the leader's objectives.

Leadership

According to two well-known leadership experts, "_________ controls, arranges, does things right; __________ unleashes energy, sets the vision so we do the right thing."

Management, leadership

Who had to engage in a great deal of transformational leadership after stepping in as CEO of Yahoo!?

Marissa Mayer

Which of the following is NOT typically true of an affinity group?

Members have widely varying titles or duties within the organization.

Which of the following is not a recommended suggestion for running an effective job interview meeting?

Multitasking during the interview.

Which of the following is not a recommended suggestion for making an effective presentation?

Pace back and forth.

As a process, the definition of leadership incorporates three components. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Planning long-term, strategic changes in an organization

Which of the following questions does Vroom's decision tree approach purport to answer?

To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions?

Which leadership researcher developed software to accompany his models that helps managers apply his theories?

Vroom

A nonprogrammed decision is appropriate when __________

a situation requires exceptional problem solving skills.

Which of the following is/are impacted by decision making?

a. business strategy b. product design c. customer interaction d. all of these

Training in using _____________ can help managers and employees reduce misunderstandings and enhance communication efficiency.

a. e-mail b. instant messaging c. blogs d. all of these

Early researchers of leadership believed that leaders, as compared to non-leaders, tended to have more of which of the following attributes?

a. energy level b. intelligence c. self-confidence d. all of these

Meeting management software can create a record of _______________.

a. ideas presented b. comments made c. votes taken d. all of these.

Walking with slumped shoulders and with your head down, speaking in a flat tone, and fidgeting often communicates that you are ____________

a. indecisive. b. negative. c. inexperienced. d. all of these

Increased employee-centered decision making is related to increases in which of the following?

a. motivation b. decision quality c. morale d. all of these

Which of the following is/are typically located on a company intranet?

a. portals b. webcasts c. wikis d. all of these

Which conflict management style exhibits an "I lose / you win" mentality?

accomodating

Dawn is a manager who sets difficult goals while communicating confidence in subordinates' abilities to achieve those goals. Which type of leadership is Dawn practicing?

achievement-oriented

In which stage of Glasl's model of conflict escalation does one side get frustrated by debate and take action without consulting the opponent?

action over words

Seeing a problem as a cultural difference, and not a personality issue is known as:

adaptation

Which of the following distinguishes an informal group from a formal group?

an informal group is formed by its members

In _____________, the third party has the authority to impose a settlement on the parties.

arbitration

According to the LMX model, employees who are considered part of an in-group typically __________

are given more responsibility within the organization.

Which of the following is the core strength of problem-solving teams?

as employees, team members usually know the job best.

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?

building trust

_________ is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support.

charisma

There is emerging evidence that emotional intelligence of group members can promote:

cohesiveness

Which conflict management style emphasizes problem solving and pursues an outcome that gives both parties what they want?

collaborating

In business organizations, most employees work in __________ groups.

command

In which conflict management style does each side attempt to achieve its interests at the expense of the other's?

competing

Oleg follows Vroom's decision tree to a terminal node, then discusses an important issue with his subordinates before making a decision. Oleg used the ______ style.

consult

The model proposed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt is a __________

continuum of leadership behavior.

Which of the following is not one of the five basic group performance factors?

cooperation

_________ is the ability of an individual to generate new ideas.

creativity

Nonprogrammed decisions require managers to use ____________ rather than ___________.

creativity, decision rules

The second step in the rational decision making process is to ________________

define the problem

Hareesh's employees are extremely competent and motivated. If Hareesh follows the Hersey and Blanchard leadership model, then what would he most likely call his own leadership style?

delegating

Which of the following is NOT an important role played by top-management when implementing teams?

delegating new responsibility to individuals

The third step in the rational decision making process is to ________________

determine the decision type.

Divergent thinking is a skill that allows people to see __________ situations, phenomena, or events.

differences amoung

In path-goal theory, the ________ leadership style is best for situations with ambiguous, unstructured tasks.

directive

Which of the following is a way that an individual in a group can fight against the onset of groupthink?

discuss the issue with someone outside the group

Post-decision dissonance is _________ a choice that was already made.

doubt about

Cheryl reaches out to Ahmed to let him know that he is doing a great job. If Cheryl is Ahmed's boss, then this is an example of which type of communication?

downward

The job-centered leadership behavior identified by the Michigan studies corresponds to the ______ leadership behavior identified by the Ohio State studies.

initiating-structure

Which of the following enable(s) users to see who is logged on and to chat with them in real time?

instant messaging

Which of the following is/are true about intuition?

it evolves over time

Which of the following is defined as conveying a broad set of concepts and ideas?

language variety

Charles was a relatively new and inexperienced leader assigned to an experienced work group with long-standing performance norms and strong group cohesiveness. The norms and cohesiveness of the group were so strong that nothing Charles did to change things had much effect. This situation is known as a(n) __________

leadership neutralizer.

Employees who telecommute have ______________ than those who do not.

less social interaction with coworkers

What stage of Glasl's model of conflict escalation marks the beginning of open and direct aggression intended to cause the opponent's public defamation?

loss of face

The accommodating style of conflict management reflects a ___________ concern for your own interests and a ________ concern for the interests of the other party.

low, high

In _________, an impartial third party facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, establishes each side's priorities, and suggests a settlement that does not have to be accepted.

mediation

Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary approaches to leadership through the eyes of followers?

mentoring leadership

Changing the shape of a team is known as:

structural intervention

Leadership ________ are characteristics that render leadership irrelevant.

substitutes

In path-goal theory, the ________ leadership style is characterized by being "friendly and approachable" and showing concern for the status and well-being of subordinates.

supportive

According to Fiedler, _____________ leaders will do well when the situation is extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable for the leader (where leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power are all very high or very low), and ______________ leaders will do well in more moderate situations.

task-oriented, relationship-oriented

A team's shared belief that it can organize and execute the behaviors necessary to reach its goals is known as:

team efficacy

When you complete the Least Preferred Coworker Scale, you should have whom in mind?

the person with whom you can work the least well

A contingency plan specifies what will be done if ___________

the primary plan is disrupted.

Which of the following defines communication?

the transmission of information from one person to another to create a shared understanding and feeling

Some experts believe that groupthink contributed to the failure of NASA's Challenger mission. If this is correct, then which of the following was NOT likely true about the Challenger team members?

they fought constantly and couldn't agree on anything

Annihilation at any cost including personal destruction is characteristic of what stage of Glasl's model of conflict escalation?

together into the abyss

What type of leadership is focused on routine, regimented activities?

transactional leadership

The set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively is called __________ leadership.

transformational

A task characterized by a high degree of structure and intrinsic satisfaction may render leadership behavior __________

unnecessary

Sergio has an idea that will cut costs. He reaches out to Luba, his supervisor, to discuss this idea. Which type of communication is this an example of?

upward