Boards
Elevated in ovarian yolk sac tumors
Alpha-fetoprotein
Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus AKA vesicouterine pouch
Anterior cul-de-sac
Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium
Arcuate arteries
small benign ovarian tumors
Brenner tumors
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral forbix of the vagina and houses the uterine vasculature
Cardinal ligament
The remaining structure of the corpus luteum that results after its deterioration
Corpus albicans
A drug administered to pregnant women from the 1940s-1970s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the late proliferative phase
Distinct three line sign
The outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the skin, hair, and nails
Ectoderm
Is hematocrit elevated or decreased in ectopic pregnancy?
Elevated
The outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the GI and respiratory tracts
Endoderm
What is seen with tamoxifen therapy?
Endometrial hyperplasia
A typically malignant ovarian tumor that is often associated with a history of endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrioid tumor
The anterior segment of the pituitary gland releases what hormones during the menstrual cycle
Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
The hormone the anterior pituitary gland that causes the development of multiple follicles on the ovaries
Follicle-stimulating hormone
What layer of the endometrium is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle?
Functional layer
The hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release the hormones that regulate the female menstrual cycle
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors
Lactate dehydrogenase
Elevated in dysgerminomas
Lactate dehydrogenase
days 15-28 of ovarian cycle
Luteal phase
The hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that surges around day 14 of the menstrual cycle resulting in ovulation
Luteinizing hormone
Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor
Meigs syndrome
Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals
Menometrorhagia
The germ cell layer of the embryo that develops the circulatory system, muscles, reproductive system, and other structures
Mesoderm
Mnemonic fo menstrual cycle phase
OVARIES FREELG LET EVERY PERIOD START Ovary-follicular-luteal-endometrium-proliferative-secretory
The total number of pregnancies in which the patient has given birth to a fetus at or beyond 20 weeks gestation or an infant weighing more than 500g
Parity
What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity
Pouch of Douglas (posterior cul-de-sac/rectouterine pouch)
Pubertal development before the age of 8
Precocious puberty
A hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy, maintains pregnancy, and promotes development of the mammary glands; primarily produced by the ovary and placenta
Progesterone
Days 1-14 of the endometrium
Proliferative phase
An Intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor, or possibly, a malignant tumor of the appendix
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium
Radial arteries
peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and rectum AKA posterior cul-de-sac and pouch of Douglas
Rectouterine pouch
Days 15-28 of the endometrium
Secretory phase
Malignant sex cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
Virilization is seen with
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor (androblastoma) and ovarian carcinoma
Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of HCG
Theca luteal cysts
Benign ovarian sec cord-stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women
Thecoma
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase
Thick and echogenic
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase
Thickening hypoechoic functional layer
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during menses
Thin and echogenic
contains uterus, bladder, ureters, urethra, anus rectum, contained within the hip bones and lower part of backbone (sacrum and coccyx)
True pelvis
Malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
Yolk sac tumor
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
broad ligament
Structure that contains the developing oocyte
cumulus oophorus
Days 1-14 of the ovarian cycle
follicular phase
What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani and coccygeus
Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis
linea terminalis
Extraperitonal space located between the bladder and the pubic symphysis that contains fat
space of retzius
Uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium
straight arteries