Boards

Elevated in ovarian yolk sac tumors

Alpha-fetoprotein

Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus AKA vesicouterine pouch

Anterior cul-de-sac

Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium

Arcuate arteries

small benign ovarian tumors

Brenner tumors

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral forbix of the vagina and houses the uterine vasculature

Cardinal ligament

The remaining structure of the corpus luteum that results after its deterioration

Corpus albicans

A drug administered to pregnant women from the 1940s-1970s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the late proliferative phase

Distinct three line sign

The outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the skin, hair, and nails

Ectoderm

Is hematocrit elevated or decreased in ectopic pregnancy?

Elevated

The outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the GI and respiratory tracts

Endoderm

What is seen with tamoxifen therapy?

Endometrial hyperplasia

A typically malignant ovarian tumor that is often associated with a history of endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrioid tumor

The anterior segment of the pituitary gland releases what hormones during the menstrual cycle

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

The hormone the anterior pituitary gland that causes the development of multiple follicles on the ovaries

Follicle-stimulating hormone

What layer of the endometrium is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle?

Functional layer

The hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release the hormones that regulate the female menstrual cycle

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors

Lactate dehydrogenase

Elevated in dysgerminomas

Lactate dehydrogenase

days 15-28 of ovarian cycle

Luteal phase

The hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that surges around day 14 of the menstrual cycle resulting in ovulation

Luteinizing hormone

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor

Meigs syndrome

Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals

Menometrorhagia

The germ cell layer of the embryo that develops the circulatory system, muscles, reproductive system, and other structures

Mesoderm

Mnemonic fo menstrual cycle phase

OVARIES FREELG LET EVERY PERIOD START Ovary-follicular-luteal-endometrium-proliferative-secretory

The total number of pregnancies in which the patient has given birth to a fetus at or beyond 20 weeks gestation or an infant weighing more than 500g

Parity

What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity

Pouch of Douglas (posterior cul-de-sac/rectouterine pouch)

Pubertal development before the age of 8

Precocious puberty

A hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy, maintains pregnancy, and promotes development of the mammary glands; primarily produced by the ovary and placenta

Progesterone

Days 1-14 of the endometrium

Proliferative phase

An Intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor, or possibly, a malignant tumor of the appendix

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

Radial arteries

peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and rectum AKA posterior cul-de-sac and pouch of Douglas

Rectouterine pouch

Days 15-28 of the endometrium

Secretory phase

Malignant sex cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Virilization is seen with

Sertoli-leydig cell tumor (androblastoma) and ovarian carcinoma

Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of HCG

Theca luteal cysts

Benign ovarian sec cord-stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women

Thecoma

Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase

Thick and echogenic

Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase

Thickening hypoechoic functional layer

Sonographic appearance of the endometrium during menses

Thin and echogenic

contains uterus, bladder, ureters, urethra, anus rectum, contained within the hip bones and lower part of backbone (sacrum and coccyx)

True pelvis

Malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary

Yolk sac tumor

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

broad ligament

Structure that contains the developing oocyte

cumulus oophorus

Days 1-14 of the ovarian cycle

follicular phase

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm

levator ani and coccygeus

Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis

linea terminalis

Extraperitonal space located between the bladder and the pubic symphysis that contains fat

space of retzius

Uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium

straight arteries