BRAVE NEW WORLD - PABLO PICASSO

What did Picasso say?

"I began to paint in blue when I realised Casagemas had died"

What did Peter Warncke (art historian) say about Picassos blue period?

"It was not poverty that led Picasso to paint the impoverished outsiders of society, but rather the fact that he painted them made him poor himself" - Carsten - saying he was not very successful s his subjects were dark

What did Andre Derain say about ti?

"Its desperate"

What did the MOMA say about the painting?

"Les Demoiselles marks a radical break from traditional composition and perspective" - MOMA

What did Georges Braque say about it?

"Picasso has been drinking turpentine and spitting fire!"

'Girl in the Chemise' 1903

"That purplish pink one finds on the cheeks of certain fresh young girls cose to death" - Apollonaire

What did Douglas Cooper says about it?

"The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exaggeration, for although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist. The disruptive, expressionist element in it is even contrary to the spirit of Cubism, which looked at the world in a detached, realistic spirit. Nevertheless, the Demoiselles is the logical picture to take as the starting point for Cubism, because it marks the birth of a new pictorial idiom, because in it Picasso violently overturned established conventions and because all that followed grew out of it." - Douglas Cooper, The Cubist Epoch (1970)

What did Picasso say about his classical sculptural works?

"They say that I can draw better than Raphael, and they're probably right; perhaps I even draw better. But if I draw as well as Raphael, I believe that at the very least I have the right to choose my own path, and they should recognise that"

What did Charles Morice say??

- 'It is extraordinary, this sterile sadness which weighs down the entire work of this very young man' - Charles Morice - 'He seems a young god trying to remake the world. But a dark god.' - Charles Morice

What was Picassos childhood?

- 1881 he was born in Malaga southern Spain - Picasso was baptised - "Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria d elos Remedios Cipria de la - Santisima Trinidad Ruiz Picasso" - His dad was an artist - In 1891: moved to A Coruna - 1895: Picassos sister Conchita died, they moved to Barcelona - dad was a teacher there - Picasso applied and got in ages 13 - 1897: Moved to Madrid where he saw work of Velazquez and Goya 1899: Moved back to Barcelona

What influence did he take from joy of life?

- Central women is in the left hand side of Matisse's - Colours are similar within the bodies - Lack of detail on the bodies - Nudes in both pieces of work Matisse - Framed by the trees - Has depth Picasso is framed by the curtains Matisse - Like we are walking through the bodies Picasso - In the positions of the body rather than the perspective

Why does this painting feel chaotic and threatening?

- Daunting looks - All the eyes are staring at us - No smiles - The eyes of the women do not match which makes it feel threatening - Composition is determined by diagonals which creates a lot of tension o Create a clashing feel - They are pushed right to the foreground o There is no depth/ room behind them

Influence of demoiselles Avignon?

- Ethnographic museum - masks and Iberian sculpture - Not exhibited till 1916 - 5 prostitutes holding back curtains - Eye contact Over life size, inferior and dominated Colours - blue & rose Cézanne - 'The Bathers' - composition is extremely similar Matisse - 'The Joy of Life' African masks Iberian 'Olympia' Manet - Viewers looking at us

'Miss La la at the cirque Fernando' 1879 Degas and 'Eqestriaenne' Picasso

- Focusing on the action Help to create the idea we are the audience through the composition

'Circus family' 1904

- Hardworking people - Changed to emphasise outcasteness

What is the effect of Demoiselles Avignon?

- Intimidating - We are a voyer - Made to feel intrusive - They are staring directly at us - The angularity gives us a sense of danger as it is not a welcoming scene - 8ft, 7.8ft

How has Picasso taken it further?

- Lack of depth & compressed - Sexualised - Unwelcoming nature of the body o Challenging the viewer - Become the client - Extremely angular

'Henri Toulouse Lautrec' 1864-1901

- Overriding subject matter of performers - Also, performers off stage - Oil pastels, pencils - He is interested in the costumes and the lighting of the stage

'Les Demoiselles d'Avignon'

- Red, blue and white - French flag / red and blue period - Very angular and sharp forms - looking to Cezanne? - Squating figure - distorted and multiple perspectives - Warped table - Cezanne? - Fruit = Rallic symbol is sexual - No narrative/emotion etc.. - Elliptical eyes emphasise the stare - Diagonals dominate (they have power as we ant focus) - Cramped into one space- no receding space Bare canvas - Cezanne? Creates lack of depth Seen as the painting which changes the course of modern art - Shows a combination of all the periods together - 5 women are shown in the painting - Prostitutes o Selling themselves through their different body positions - Brothel in Barcelona o Sheets which half cover and half reveal the bodies - Still life of fruit o Symbol of sex o Fruit of the womb o Phallic symbol (the melon) § Pointing at the central lady - Mask like faces of these prostitutes - Their faces are all different but have similar features o Iberian sculpture's with the huge eyes - Primitive through the elongated African masks - Holding curtains back which shows how they are advertising themselves as they are revealing themselves through the curtain - Blue rose & white o These colours define his earlier periods o Colour of the French flag - they are different to each other - skin tones, d dances, faces

'The joy o life' (1906), Matisse

- Sees this is in Gustave & Leo Stein's house - Picasso is extremely competitive & he has to be the best - This was seen by the time by the supporters of modern art - Classical subject matter - He saw this and believed he could do better - 1 year between them which shows how long it took him to try and better Matisse

'La Toilette' 1906

- Simplified and flattened - Turning to be like Matisse

What was Picasso's rose period?

- The work Picasso produced between 1904 and 1906 is known as his Rose Period - He lived and worked in Paris throughout his Rose period with other artists so felt like he was part of a community - His colour palette is characterised by warm colours Picasso's mood: in love - he built a close relationship with Fernand

What was els Qatre gats?

- bar/cafe In barcelona - it was one of his favourite places in Barcelona

'Death of Harlequin' (1905)

- death bed scene - connotations to casagemas

'Study of torso' Picasso

- he looked at classical sculptures - he mastered drawing techniques at a very young age (his father was a drawing teacher) - this highlights his advanced understanding of classical art fundamentals, including human anatomy.

What did his journey consist of?

- his style changed as he developed - he changed media

'Still life (desert)' Picasso 1901

- influence of Cezanne - subject - colour -perspective

'Harlequin's family' (1905)

- intimate portrayal

'The clown Cha U Kao', Lautrec and 'La Diseuse' picasso

- light is shining on her, washing the colour out

'Marcel lender on stage' Lautrec and 'Cancan' Picasso

- movements of the material soft their costumes - vivid stark colours

How is this cubist?

- proto cubist - leading to cubism - we feel as if we are in their space - they take up the whole space

'Science and charity' Picasso

- realist and traditional - Picasso was known for and good at this style - Paris expoisiton: (1900) - Science and charity was exhibited as an example of Spanish art - In 1900 he goes to Paris and he sees the work of the post impressionists - very well received (he won. gold medal in the provincial exhibition in Malaga and an honouree mention in Madrid at a fine art exhibition

What did his early style consist of?

- realist style characterised by naturalistic brushwork - a true-to-life colour palette - everyday subject matter -traditional styles of drawing and painting - confined to the rules set out by the art world - accurate and detailed - natural atristic ability

'Pierrot and harlequin' cezanne

- similar subject matter

'Crouching beggar' Picasso 1902

..?

'Study of a head' Picasso

..?

What did the Toulouse Lautrec period consist of?

..?

What did Jan Avgikos say about this painting?

During the course of his two-month stay he immersed himself in art galleries as well as the bohemian cafes, night clubs, and dance halls of Montmarte. Le Moulin de la Galette, his first Parisian painting, reflects his fascination with the lusty decadence and gaudy glamour of the famous dance hall, where bourgeois patrons and prosititutes rubbed shoulders. Picasso had yet to develop a unique style, but Le Moulin de la Galette is nonetheless a startling production for an artist who had just turned 19 - Jan Avgikos

How did Picasso develop this painting?

Shows his different periods & his academic study of how talented he is Produced during his African period

'Boy with pipe'

· "One of the local types, actors, ladies, gentlemen, delinquents, who lived in the area and loved to watch me paint" - Picasso · Strange because the boy is holding the pipe the wrong way around · Linking the performer and artists together - offering his pipe · Angelic wings made out of roses Sold at Sotheby's in 2004

What period are his early work categorised into?

· 1899-1901 Toulouse Lautrec period · 1901-1904 - Picassos blue period (he uses predominantly blue and he is sad) · 1904-1906 - his rose period (He was in love and he began to paint with peachy tones) · 1906-1908 - African period (He is looking at African at, tibal masks and idea of primitive) · 1908-1912 - first phase of cubism (analytic cubism) 1912 onwards - synthetic cubism

5. Paul cezanne

· 1907: Cezanne retrospective - Salon of independence · "Cezanne's influence gradually flooded everything" - Picasso · Picasso went to the retrospective and took influence from Cezanne o Using complementary colours for light and shade o Impasto o Visible brushstrokes to create volume Face is Iberian

The end of the blue period?

· April 1904 (coming to the end of blue period) he moves from Barcelona to the Bateau Lavoir in Paris - lots of artists live here · Place for art critics, art dealers and artists, patrons went here · Vollard, Kahnweller, George Braque, Van S=Duegn It was one of the meetings at the Bateau Lavoir that Picasso met · Fernande Olivier - she became his muse (she inspired him) · Together for 7 years and never got married He became happier and fell in love

What were the key themes in Picassos work in his first 20 years?

· Artificial lighting affecting his use of colour - makes it vivid · Dancehalls · Successful · Academic training · One to watch because he is selling Engaging with the French Avant garde

'The two sisters' 1902

· Based after Picassos visit to St Lazare prison · Falled women in this prison - nuns setting the example of purity · Fallen woman has her head down - eyes closed, head drooped as though she is ashamed · Stylistically both women are very similar Idea of majesty and respect for people who are outcasts from society

'La vie' 1903 *

· Beginning of life with mother and child · Left there is a young couple of lovers · Suffering at the back - embracing people · Bottom is iscolation, loneliness and possibly death · Casagemas - noli me tangere · Isolated person - lifted from van Gogh 'Sorrow' · Sense of artistic licence in painting · Relates to Gauguin - read left to right which is primitive as people read right to left - similar questions to 'Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?' Shows pentimenty (change of mind) - encompasses numerous themes and feelings - was painted not he same canvas (on top of) 'Science and charity' - casagemas and his love left together. He is pointing to the family he will never have - while she embraces him - perhaps out of guilt (she became Picasso's lover when he returned to Paris) while also avoiding eye contact with mother whom she cannot now be - scene in the background represents tragedy and sadness - crouching figure in the middle fading - deteriorating perhaps a direct lack of confidence about the future

'Mother and child, acrobats' 1904-5 *

· Behind the scenes of the circus · Shows the emotion off stage - difficulty and hardship - not much food - suffering and starvation · Elongated - not engaging with one another · Head slumped · Hugging himself to show hunger · Downside of performance · Arguably is it that different from the Blue period - strand of suffering and being an outcast from society - Picasso begins to align himself with performers - direct contrast to what the other artists at the time depicted, when painting scenes from the circus (g.g. Equestrienne Toulouse Lautrec shows happiness, movement, mid performance)

'Woman with a crow' (1904)

· Both blue and other colours · Angularity of her shoulders make her hawk like · Kissing the crow - crow could suggest death · Still blue aspect as slightly dark Still looks frail - coming to the end of blue period

'Acrobat and young Harlequin'

· Bronze bust is usually of someone who is important - elevating them and a sense of majesty as they are not important · The jester has a serious edge to him - they are not just performers but they have another character High contrast between light and dark - chiascuro of light on stage and darkness off stage

'Woman with loaves' 1906

· Carrying loaves of bread Big head and traditional dress - simplified not naturalistic - influence from goose madonna - Iberian sculptures - he liked the fact that it didn't look like a real person

'The old guitarist' 1901 *

· Centred around the guitar · Skeletal body - thin and malnourished · Busking beggar (outcast) (symbolic theme of this period) · Compositionally squashed like being squashed by society · Showing someone who is suffering hardship · Angular and painful body to look at Blue defines the colour palette - old, crippled and disabled - pain and suffering clearly conveyed - very small closed eyes but listening instead - shows they can still

'Two nudes' Picasso

· Cezanne's impasto · Round head and large eyes · Muscular and solid figures - Cezanne (Bathers) Starting to experiment with Cezanne's multiple perspectives - solidity, angular which shows strength - earthy colours - limited colour palette - mask like faces - arhed eyebrows and large eyes - simplified features - made up largely of shapes and forms

'Moulin de la galette' 1900

· Darker - greater contrast between colours and light and dark · Influence of Renoir · Not as pleasant as Renoir · Indistinctness in the faces · Mask like pale with vivid lips faces · Ladies of the night - similar to Kircher - middle class male clientele · Seedy underworld of Paris

'Woman Ironing' (1904)

· Defined by subject matter Skinny and elongated - angularity of her shoulders is very pronounced and dominated the composition

'The absinth drinker' 1901

· Drastic change in style · Elongated arms and hands - comforting herself (she is alone and containing everything in herself) · Use of blue shows blue period · INSERT

'Dyrad' (1908)

· Elongated face and square like nose · Geometric · Simplfied hands 'It is good for young men to have a model, but let them draw a curtain over it while they paint. It is better to paint from memory for then your work will be your own.' - Picasso

How was he influenced by Spanish art?

· Emphasis on drapery - art of Spanish renaissance Similar composition of a burial

Who were the early supporters of Picasso?

· He was a small art dealer and he gave Picasso his very first contract · For 150 franks a month he would receive some of Picassos work that he could then sell Vollard: · He introduced Picasso to Vollard who immediately liked Picasso · Vollard gave Picasso his first exbhibiton · 24th June 1901 where there were 64 paintings and drawings by Picasso · Vollard counted this as a success Gustave Coquiot: Art critic who liked Picasso

'Au lapin Agile' 1904 *

· He was commissioned to paint this by the owner called Frede Gerard · Owner at the back playing the guitar · Self portrait of Picasso - dressed as a harlequin (gester) · Germaine Pichot modelled in this · They are drinking abscise · They are dressed as performers This starts a trend where Picasso starts to align himself and other people with performers - more people but no interaction - but still blue period (themes of isolation seeping through) - lighter brighter colours - all aspects of rose period

Gosol Madonna

· Huge head · Chirst is a tiny man · Simplified face · Elliptical eyes - very stylised · Link between eyebrow and nose (this is seen also in his later work) "The aspects of Romanesque art that most appealed to Picasso were

'The tragedy' (1903)

· Hunched and look sad · Not interacting · Endless expanse of sea Presenting us with a tragedy but we don't know what it is - makes us as the viewer

'The absinth drinker' Degas and 'The absinth drinker' Picasso

· Lady of the night - ragged clothes and has lost all respectability · Pointed and hawk like chin - strong cheek bones, elongated fingers - not a traditional portrayal of beauty He is using the attributes of the paint to show the realities of her existence

'Family of Saltimbanques' (1905)

· Masterpiece of rose period · Massive - 7ft by 8ft · Suffering, lack of belonging · Sense of isolation is achieve by a desolate landscape - thin paint (not bothered) · Argued Picasso saw himself as the Harlequin · The people are his friends - artists and writers, fat guy is Apollinaire, little girl is his sister Conchita (facing the other way - symbolic of death), Girlfriend Fernand Olivier and man holding barrel is Max Jacob/ Andre Salmon (another writer) Making a point that they are all outcasts

1. Gosol?

· Moved here for 10 weeks · "In self-imposed exile from the backbiting Parisian art world, he changed his art dramatically and profoundly" - Alastair Sooke (art historian and critic) · Wanted to develop an individual style · Here he can develop his style without any distractions In search of the primitive

'Boy leading a horse' 1906

· No reigns · Life size · Simplified body Solidity to it - black outline like Cezanne

'By the death bed' Munch 1896

· Norwegian expressionist · Green faces to show their expression Stark contrast of coloure - unsettling

3. Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920)

· Not a futurist - modern Italian · Lived in the Bateaux Lavoir Looking to African tribal masks

4. Gauguin's Woodcuts

· Permanent woodcuts - very primitive Eyebrow nose - Iberian/ Romanesque aspects still present

'The frugal repast' (1904)

· Sad and deressing Bones of their shoulders are visible

What did Charles Maurice write about Picassos art?

· Sad depressing subject matters · Gauguins friend Morice - he has Gauguin's Noa Noa · He saw Picassos art in a small gallery and he said Picasso is going to produce a masterpiece but it will be sad and depressing Charles Morice meets Picasso and cheers him up with Noa Noa - ideas of the primitive given to Picasso

'The old musician' (1962) Manet

· Seen is autumn salon in 1900s · Girl facing the other way · Range of ages, men and women Travelling people and finding somewhere to belong - performers suggested by the violin

'Self portrait' (1901)

· Sense of grandeur and respect He sees himself as one of theses people

'La Celestina' 1904 *

· She is a popular character from stories at the time · She is a brothel keeper · Not only does she have a disability so she is outcasted but her job enforces this Even her face is blue - she looks worn and as though shes had a hard life - empathy created - wealthy people don't have portraits like this - P is giving them the respect they deserve - saturated in blue

'Two acrobats with a dog' 1905 *

· Simpified building in the back · Seem like they are homeless · Lack of belonging suggests by the closeness Use of texture in the background

'The death of Casagemas' *

· Skin tone to suggest death · Candle suggests remembrance - radiation similar to Van Gogh · Material like a shroud enveloping him · He has been shot - gun residue on his head · This is what triggers his blue period Early immediate painting shown because he doesn't use blue - candle may represent religion, remembrance - bruise at the temple showing the wound of where he shot himself - texture of impasto gives a sense of warmth and movement

'Acrobat family with a monkey' (1905)

· Suggests Soceity sees them as animals · But composition is suggestive of Madonna and child "Placed at the limits of life... the animals are human" - Apollinaire

What was Picassos blue period?

· The work which Picasso produced between 1901 and 1904 is known as his blue period · He was working mainly in blue throughout this period · He was working in Barcelona Expressionist - he is using his paintings to express himself - triggered after the suicide of his friend Casagemas (wounded him emotionally resulting in a change in his painting habits) - outcasts of society - themes of isolation, poverty, depression (alluding to his own state of mind)

What was Picasso's African period?

· The work which Picasso produced between 1906 and 1908 is knwn as his African period · There are several factors which contributed towards the development of his style at this time 1. Gosol 2. Amendeio Modigliani 3. gauguins wooduts 4. Paul Cezanne Misleading title; Africa -

2. Iberian sculptures in the Louvre?

· These are the things that help him to his African period · Elliptical eyes and simplified face · Exaggerated and elongated ear - seems twisted Oval shaped face

Catalan Romanesque church sculptures?

· Unrealistic bodies · "While Picasso's 'primitivism' has always been known...what is clear... is that Romaneasque art was also one of the most important sources for him" - Pepe Serra (director of the Museum Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (MNAC)) · Not a glorification of the figure Stylised

'Evocation - the burial of casagemas'

· Virgin amry in blue - his mum Working through blue ideas - 6 months after his death - executed primarily in blue - divided into two scenes

'Portrait of Gustave Coquiot' 1901

· Wealthy middle-class clothing · Primitive in the background · Suggested that he is on a seat and the background is reflected by a mirror · Ladies laid out like a frieze Lighting reflection on him makes it stark

Who were Picassos supporters?

• Gustav Coquiot was a writer, who published feedback on Picasso and his work, creating a positive image for him in society and more importantly, the art world. • Pedro Mañach - supported Picasso financially by setting up a contract where he provided 150 francs per month, in exchange for regular paintings. He also introduced Picasso to Vollard in 1901, which in turn exposed him to works by Cezanne, as Vollard worked closely with him too.

Who were his influences?

• Henri de Toulouse Lautrec Lautrec was possibly the most influential character in Picasso's development as an artist. He was interested in clashing colours, mask-like faces and often depicted scenes at night. We can see a direct comparison in Picasso's 'La Diseuse' and Lautrec's 'The Clown Cha U Kao'. Picasso has clearly looked to Lautrec in the composition, subject matter, sketchy application of paint and colour choices. However, in later pieces, we can see similarities in their work, but can also clearly see Picasso has personalised his with aspects that are typical of his style. • Cezanne In Paris, Picasso saw the work of Cezanne. Picasso was particularly interested in Cezanne's insistence of redoing nature according to a system of basic forms which served to have great influence even after 1907. • Renoir Renoir seemed to have a profound influence on Picasso's early subject matter as we can clearly see in 'Moulin de la Galette'. Here, the exact same scene is depicted. However, although the subject matter is the same, the style in which it is executed, proves and highlights the essential differences between the two artists.