BRAVEMAN chs 1, 3, 4- WEEK 1

A commonly recognized form of organizing in hospital systems where a managerial hierarchy is duplicated for physicians and non-physicians would best be called: a. Dual pyramid. b. Medical-model. c. Mirror model. d. Traditional administrative model.

a. Dual pyramid.

Which of the following is most accurate in regard to AOTA official documents such as concept papers, guidelines, or position papers? a. AOTA official documents represent a consensus opinion of experts, so they should influence practice and action but are not always the "final word" in decision-making. b. AOTA official documents represent legal opinions published by AOTA on behalf of the profession and must be followed. c. AOTA official documents are historical only in nature; they reflect past practices and not current recommendations for practice or action d. AOTA official documents represent a consensus opinion of experts and are often officially sanctioned and accepted by the federal government.

a. AOTA official documents represent a consensus opinion of experts, so they should influence practice and action but are not always the "final word" in decision-making.

Two types of values related to the means to achieve the ends, as well as the ends a person wishes to achieve, are commonly referred to as: a. Instrumental values and terminal values. b. Personal values and cultural values. c. Organizational values and societal values. d. Formative values and summative values.

a. Instrumental values and terminal values.

Which of the following is most accurate in regard to variability in licensure laws in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam? a. There is considerable variation in issues such as practicing without a referral, continuing education requirements, and supervision requirements for OTAs. b. Due to the NBCOT certification examination, all licensure laws are 100% consistent across the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam. c. There is considerable variation in whether or not occupational therapists can practice without a referral, but all other elements of licensure laws are consistent across the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam. d. Most elements of licensure laws are consistent across the 50 states, but there is much variation in the territories, including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

a. There is considerable variation in issues such as practicing without a referral, continuing education requirements, and supervision requirements for OTAs.

Two leadership theories that were developed separately but are recognized as most effective when they are combined are: a. Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory. b. Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. c. Charismatic Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. d. Path-Goal Leadership Theory and Situational Leadership Theory.

a. Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory.

In regard to the additive effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership , which of the following is generally accepted as true? a. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are not contradictory styles but instead are complementary and can be used together. b. The impact of transformational leadership on follower satisfaction is limited and only shown to occur when strategies are added to transactional leadership strategies. c. There is no additive effect, as transformational leadership and transactional leadership have been proven to be contradictory in nature. d. There is no relationship between transformational leadership and transactional leadership because one is a strategic approach and the other is a supervisory approach.

a. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are not contradictory styles but instead are complementary and can be used together.

Rebecca works part-time for AOTA as an associate in the Practice Department. When she functions in this paid work role, it is most appropriate to say she is working within a structure most accurately described as a(n): a. Association. b. Bureaucracy. c. Trade bureau. d. Professional hierarchy

b. Bureaucracy.

A legislative act that provides for free and appropriate education for children with disabilities in the least restrictive environment and includes requirements for the states to develop EI programs would best be called the: a. Patient Protection, Education and Affordable Care Act. b. Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. c. Health Insurance Portability, Accountability and Education Act. d. Rehabilitation Services Education Act.

b. Individuals With Disabilities Education Act.

The primary characteristic of double-loop (generative) learning would best be described as which of the following? a. It emphasizes concrete problem-solving and application of solutions in the here and now. b. It emphasizes continuous experimentation and feedback in an ongoing examination of the very way organizations go about defining and solving problems. c. It is most applicable for slow-paced environments where there is little change. d. It focuses on learning from the past and applying that learning to the present.

b. It emphasizes continuous experimentation and feedback in an ongoing examination of the very way organizations go about defining and solving problems.

One often- cited difference between leadership and management mentioned in this chapter is: a. Leaders are born, whereas managers are made. b. Leaders focus on strategic change, whereas managers focus on the "status quo." c. Leadership has been researched in depth, whereas little research exists on management. d. Leadership skills are a distinct set of skills used at particular times, whereas management skills are broad skills used in almost every situation

b. Leaders focus on strategic change, whereas managers focus on the "status quo."

A state-run program that is jointly funded by states and the federal government for people who have limited income or high medical expenses where eligibility for the limited income cohort is based on the family income and size in relation to the national poverty level would best be called which of the following? a. Medicare b. Medicaid c. Workers' compensation d. Sliding scale self-pay

b. Medicaid

When comparing Servant Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory, which of the following best describes the motivation of the leaders? a. Transformational leaders are concerned about work groups only and typically do not consider the development of the individual, whereas servant leaders focus only on the individual. b. Servant leaders tend to see all persons as equal and valued, whereas transformational leaders value individuals but more in relation to helping the organization succeed. c. Servant leaders and transformational leaders are both thought to have a strong orientation toward the individual rather than consideration of the organization's success. d. Servant leaders and transformational leaders are both thought to have a strong orientation toward the success of the organization rather than toward the individual

b. Servant leaders tend to see all persons as equal and valued, whereas transformational leaders value individuals but more in relation to helping the organization succeed.

An organizational chart is a management tool that: a. Shows the location of an organization in a larger system such as a city or county. b. Visually depicts the lines of authority, organization, and reporting in an organization. c. Defines the sources of revenue and expenses and how these affect the tax status of an organization. d. Helps leaders determine the impact of an organization's culture to guide leaders in choosing the most effective leadership styles

b. Visually depicts the lines of authority, organization, and reporting in an organization.

One accurate summary statement about what we know about the evidence on gender and leadership would be: a. Women are typically perceived as more effective leaders than men as long as they present themselves as stereotypically female. b. Men have consistently shown to be more effective leaders than women. c. Men and women are perceived as more effective as leaders when the approaches they use match their presentation as more "masculine" or "feminine" as perceived by followers. d. Evidence on gender and leadership has established that there is essentially no difference in how male and female leaders are perceived.

c. Men and women are perceived as more effective as leaders when the approaches they use match their presentation as more "masculine" or "feminine" as perceived by followers.

A type of system that is capable of self-maintenance within a larger context or environment, and in which the influence of internal and external environments are keenly recognized, is best called a(n): a. Rational systems organization. b. Natural systems organization. c. Open systems organization. d. Market economy systems organization

c. Open systems organization.

Which of the following would be most accurate in regard to current thinking about the relationships between human traits and leadership effectiveness? a. Human traits are predetermined at birth and there is little ability to change them as we develop. b. Trait Theory is a new development in leadership research; although there is limited empirical evidence, the research to date appears promising as an explanation for leader effectiveness. c. Traits may help us understand how a particular leader might be perceived, but there is little recent research to validate Trait Theory as effective in linking leaders with leadership outcomes. d. The connection between traits and leader outcomes has only been shown to have a strong correlation in strategies related to Transactional Leadership Theory.

c. Traits may help us understand how a particular leader might be perceived, but there is little recent research to validate Trait Theory as effective in linking leaders with leadership outcomes.

Occupational therapy managers often need to access data, information, and other forms of evidence to guide decision-making and the development and implementation of programs. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the process of obtaining and interpreting such evidence in the current environment? a. Data, information, and other forms of evidence are easily accessible, easy to organize, and easy to interpret due to the abundance of resources available to the modern-day occupational therapy manager. b. Despite the Internet and online data sources, access to relevant data, information, and other forms of evidence remains elusive; it is often difficult for occupational therapy managers to fi nd the necessary evidence. c. With the rise of the Internet and the development of many systems for storing and accessing data, information, and other forms of evidence, occupational therapy managers may find an overwhelming amount of evidence and may have to focus on organized and strategic approaches to gathering and interpreting the most appropriate evidence. d. Not much has changed in the last decade; because it is often impossible to validate the sources of data, information, and other forms of online evidence, occupational therapy managers should stick to formal literature searches using electronic search engines.

c. With the rise of the Internet and the development of many systems for storing and accessing data, information, and other forms of evidence, occupational therapy managers may find an overwhelming amount of evidence and may have to focus on organized and strategic approaches to gathering and interpreting the most appropriate evidence.

Groups of providers that provide care associated with a defined population of patients across multiple settings while being held responsible for the quality and cost of care delivered to that population would best be called: a. Patient-centered medical homes. b. Post-acute care bundles. c. Home health agencies. d. Accountable care organizations.

d. Accountable care organizations.

Based on data on trends in self-pay (i.e., out-of-pocket) as a payment source for complementary medicine, which of the following is most accurate? a. Most adults are highly unlikely to pay for complementary health care out-of-pocket and utilization is very low when there is no third-party payment b. Third-party payment for complementary medicine is essentially nonexistent, so almost 100% of payment for these approaches is out-of-pocket. c. Complementary health care is an essential benefit of the ACA and therefore self-pay approaches need not be considered. d. Adults are likely to pay for complementary approaches to health care when they have the resources, and approximately a third of self-pay payments are for complementary health care

d. Adults are likely to pay for complementary approaches to health care when they have the resources, and approximately a third of self-pay payments are for complementary health care

Which of the following statements best describes the free-market system as it applies to our health-care system? a. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care in the same way as they apply to all other products. b. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care in the same way as they apply to all other products except competition, because competition is limited. c. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care in the same way as they apply to all other products except supply and demand, because supply and demand are totally under government control. d. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care, but in complex ways that limit consumers' free choice in various ways.

d. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care, but in complex ways that limit consumers' free choice in various ways.

A shared set of basic assumptions or shared way of doing things that is based upon the underlying values and beliefs of the members of a particular society or of a group might best be called a(n): a. Organizational vision. b. Strategic plan. c. Code of ethics. d. Organizational culture.

d. Organizational culture.

Which of the following pairs includes two theories of leadership that could both be categorized as supervisory theories of leadership? a. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Servant Leadership Theory b. Transactional Leadership Theory and Charismatic Leadership Theory c. Transformational Leadership Theory and Transactional Leadership Theory d. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Transactional Leadership Theory

d. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Transactional Leadership Theory

A theory of leadership that focuses on identifying the relationship between task characteristics and employee readiness and matching a supervisory response is best called: a. Servant Leadership Theory. b. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. c. Transformational Leadership Theory. d. Situational Leadership Theory

d. Situational Leadership Theory

Which of the following is not a commonly cited purpose of organizational structures discussed in Chapter 4? a. Structures produce outputs to achieve organizational goals. b. Structures minimize or regulate the influence of individuals on the organization. c. Structures are the settings in which power is exercised, decisions are made, and activities are carried out. d. Structures dictate administrative policies and procedures that guide organizational decision-making.

d. Structures dictate administrative policies and procedures that guide organizational decision-making.