BSC-216 EXAM 1 UA

Baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure are located in the superior and inferior vena cava. True False

False

Erythropoiesis is the process by which all formed elements are made. True False

False

Platelets can undergo mitosis and perform repairs if damaged. True False

False

Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs. True False

False

When oxygen concentrations are low, hemoglobin releases oxygen to become carboxyhemoglobin. True False

False

Coronary circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to the: heart. lungs. liver. brain.

Heart

Which part of the electrocardiogram (ECG) would most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles? R-T interval QRS wave T wave P wave

QRS wave

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization? T wave QRS wave R-R interval P wave

QRS wave

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate? Q-T interval R-R interval P-R interval S-T segment

R-R interval

Which statement best describes red blood cells? A. Red blood cells form antibodies to fight antigens. B. Red blood cells live about 10 days. C. Red blood cells possess a protein known as hemoglobin. D. Red blood cells have a nucleus and most organelles.

Red blood cells possess a protein known as hemoglobin.

The main pacemaker of the heart is the __________. Purkinje fiber system SA node AV node sympathetic nervous system

SA node

Determine the impact if the connection between the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node becomes blocked. The atria will contract more forcefully. The ventricular rhythm will not change. The ventricles will beat more slowly. The ventricles will beat faster.

The ventricles will beat more slowly.

What activity is occurring in the heart during the Q-T interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG)? A. The ventricular cells are undergoing action potentials. B. The AV node delay occurs as the action potential spreads from the SA node to the atria to the ventricles. C. The ventricular cells are repolarizing. D. The atrial cells are undergoing action potentials.

The ventricular cells are undergoing action potentials.

Compared to veins, arteries have __________. thicker tunica media more valves larger lumen lower pressure

Thicker tunica media

Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood. True False

True

Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move freely through these pores. True False

True

The left side of the heart is often called the systemic pump due to blood flow to the body. True False

True

The left ventricle has greater muscle mass than the right ventricle since it pumps against greater resistance. True False

True

The majority of blood is plasma. True False

True

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, a mesh that glues together the platelet plug and helps seal the damaged vessel. True False

True

Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow. True False

True

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system? A. tunica adventitia B. tunica externa C. tunica intima D. tunica media

Tunica Media

The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps? one pump two pumps three pumps

Two Pumps

What do vascular spasms contribute to the process of hemostasis? A. Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss. B. Vascular spasms cause platelets to adhere to exposed collagen. C. Vascular spasms cause activated platelets to release the contents of their granules. D. Vascular spasms transform fibrinogen into fibrin.

Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss.

Which of the following vessels will have the lowest blood pressure? artery vein venule arteriole

Vein

Which of the following is TRUE of veins? A. Veins have smaller lumens than arteries. B. Veins have thinner walls than arteries. C. Veins have more smooth muscle than arteries. D. have more elastic fibers than arteries.

Veins have thinner walls than arteries.

Continuous capillaries are labeled _____. With Tight Junctions Between Cells. Fenestrations. Thin Walls, Smooth Muscle Cells. Irregular Basil Lamina, Large Pores, Spaces Between Endothelial Cells.

Which Tight Junctions Between Cells.

Determine the process that will occur when net filtration pressure is negative. absorption diffusion osmosis filtration

absorption

Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure? acetylcholine norepinephrine angiotensin-II epinephrine

acetylcholine

What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure? collagen antibodies albumin transport proteins

albumin

Which of the following is a plasma protein? tissue factor electrolytes albumin hemoglobin

albumin

Which of the following describes an anastomosis? A. vessels supplying the tunica media and tunica external of blood vessels B. a special type of circuit in which veins feed a capillary bed C. smallest arterioles which directly feed capillary beds D. an artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a capillary bed

an artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a capillary bed

Which of the following situations creates edema? a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient a negative net filtration pressure (NFP)

an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient

Where should the left ventricle send blood? left atrium aorta coronary sinus pulmonary trunk

aorta

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the: atrioventricular (AV) node. atria. ventricles. sinoatrial (SA) node.

atria.

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) angiotensin-II aldosterone

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

What is NOT part of the cardiac conduction system? atrioventricular (AV) node sinoatrial sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle atrioventricular (AV) valve

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Which cell develops into mature neutrophils? monocyte lymphoblast monoblast band (stab) cell

band (stab) cell

Increases in blood pressure are detected by: baroreceptors. chemorecepors. nociceptors. thermoreceptors.

baroreceptors.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of erythrocytes? filled with hemoglobin capable of protein synthesis anucleate biconcave discs

capable of protein synthesis

At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is the greatest? interstitial fluid osmotic pressure oncotic pressure colloid osmotic pressure capillary hydrostatic pressure

capillary hydrostatic pressure

The process that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in the formation of a more solid clot is called __________. clot retraction platelet plug formation thrombolysis coagulation

coagulation

Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary? interstitial fluid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure colloid osmotic pressure capillary hydrostatic pressure

colloid osmotic pressure

The majority of the arterial supply to the head and neck comes from the __________. common carotid arteries common iliac arteries internal jugular veins brachiocephalic artery

common carotid arteries

The electrical impulse is __________ as it passes through the AV node, because the atria need to contract __________ ventricles. delayed; after accelerated; after delayed; before accelerated; before

delayed; before

The right side of the heart receives: deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit. deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit. oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit. oxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.

deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.

What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? A. arteriole B. muscular artery C. elastic artery D. metarteriole

elastic artery

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to return venous blood to the heart? elastic fibers skeletal muscle pump venous valves respiratory pump

elastic fibers

The process of red blood cell production is known as: erythropenia. polycythemia. erythrocytosis. erythropoiesis.

erythropoiesis.

Water crosses capillary beds by: transcytosis. diffusion. filtration. facilitated diffusion.

filtration.

High pressured blood in the ventricles: forces the AV valves open. forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves open. forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves shut. forces the semilunar valves open.

forces the semilunar valves open.

What cell gives rise to all formed elements? erythroblast hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proerythroblast reticulocyte

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

All leukocytes arise from: leukoblasts. myeloid stem cells. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). lymphoid stem cells.

hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

Lymphocytes and monocytes both arise from: myeloblasts. the myeloid cell line. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). the lymphoid cell line.

hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

The stoppage of bleeding is known as: thrombolysis. hemostasis. platelet plug formation. coagulation.

hemostasis.

Hypertension is defined as: excess aldosterone. high blood pressure. high blood sugar. low blood pressure.

high blood pressure.

Blood pressure is equivalent to: net filtration pressure hydrostatic pressure. oncotic pressure. colloid osmotic pressure.

hydrostatic pressure.

What type of plasma protein are antibodies? clotting protein lipoprotein immune protein transport protein

immune protein

Which of these changes will result in increased blood pressure? decreased blood viscosity increased vessel radius increased blood volume decrease cardiac output

increased blood volume

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? Vitamin B12 deficiency; pernicious anemia decreased hemoglobin; iron-deficiency anemia increased erythrocyte destruction; hemolytic anemia increased erythropoiesis; aplastic anemia

increased erythropoiesis; aplastic anemia

The apex of the heart is __________. posterior superior inferior anterior

inferior

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? elastic arteries capillary beds inferior vena cava aorta

inferior vena cava

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells? sarcoplasmic reticulum excitability striations intercalated discs

intercalated discs

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis? kidney pancreas spleen liver

kidney

Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine? liver pancreas spleen kidneys

kidneys

Blood returning from the lungs enters the __________. right ventricle left atrium left ventricle right atrium

left atrium

Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? left atrium left ventricle right atrium right ventricle

left atrium

The cardiac chamber with the thickest wall is the __________. right atrium left ventricle left atrium right ventricle

left ventricle

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? right atrium left ventricle left atrium right ventricle

left ventricle

What organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? liver brain pancreas spleen

liver

Which of the following does NOT drive venous return? low compliance skeletal muscle pump venous valves smooth muscle in the walls of veins

low compliance

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies? lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil eosinophil

lymphocyte

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes? lymphocytes and monocytes eosinophils and basophils neutrophils and basophils reticulocytes and erythrocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes

The heart is situated in the middle of the thoracic cavity in a region known as the: mediastinum. cardiac notch. pleural cavity. dorsal cavity.

mediastinum.

Platelets form from large cells called __________. macrophages thrombocytes megakaryocytes lymphoblasts

megakaryocytes

Platelets are cell fragments formed from: lymphocytes. megakaryocytes. monoblasts. myeloblasts.

megakaryocytes.

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter? A. metarteriole B. elastic artery C. muscular artery D. arteriole

metarteriole

Through the microscope, you notice a very large leukocyte with a U-shaped nucleus. What type of leukocyte have you observed? lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil basophil

monocyte

During leukopoiesis, neutrophils are derived from __________. monoblasts myeloblasts proerythroblasts lymphoblast

myeloblasts

When fibrin levels increase, thrombin production is inhibited. This is an example of a __________. fibrinolysis negative feedback loop vascular spasm positive feedback loop

negative feedback loop

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult? lymphocyte neutrophil basophil eosinophil

neutrophil

The cells that rhythmically and spontaneously generate action potentials in the heart are called __________. ventricular cells atrial cells pacemaker cells contractile cells

pacemaker cells

What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon-like chords called chordae tendineae? pectinate muscles trabeculae carneae ligamentum arteriosum papillary muscles

papillary muscles

What do platelets possess? plasma membrane the ability to reproduce by mitosis protein-synthesizing organelles nucleus

plasma membrane

When blood is centrifuged, what is found in the buffy coat? platelets and leukocytes leukocytes and erythrocytes erythrocytes and platelets plasma and leukocytes

platelets and leukocytes

Hemostasis is mediated by: erythrocytes. platelets. lymphocytes. monocytes.

platelets.

The aortic valve closes when __________. A. pressure in the left ventricle raises above aortic pressure B. pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure C. pressure in the left ventricle raises above atrial pressure D. pressure in the left ventricle falls below atrial pressure

pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

What is the function of the valves in the heart? invert during contraction of the ventricles prevent backflow of blood through the heart eliminate pressure variances within the heart promote contraction of the ventricles

prevent backflow of blood through the heart

Blood that leaves the right ventricle enters the __________. pulmonary veins aorta vena cavae pulmonary trunk

pulmonary trunk

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base? pulmonary trunk superior vena cava coronary sinus pulmonary vein

pulmonary trunk

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk superior vena cava pulmonary vein

pulmonary vein

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium? pulmonary veins aorta pulmonary arteries pulmonary trunk

pulmonary veins

The rapid influx of sodium ions into contractile cells creates a positive membrane potential inside the cell and initiates the: plateau phase. repolarization phase. rapid depolarization phase. initial repolarization phase.

rapid depolarization phase.

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the: liver. red bone marrow. spleen. heart.

red bone marrow.

Which of the following is a cause of hypertension? renal artery stenosis decreased salt intake dehydration excess parasympathetic tone

renal artery stenosis

Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return blood to his heart? skeletal muscle pump respiratory pump mean arterial pressure (MAP) Korotkoff sounds

respiratory pump

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? pulmonary valve left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve) aortic valve right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? left ventricle left atrium right ventricle right atrium

right atrium

Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk? left ventricle right atrium right ventricle left atrium

right ventricle

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? sinoatrial (SA) node Purkinje fiber system atrioventricular (AV) bundle atrioventricular (AV) node

sinoatrial (SA) node

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the: atrioventricular (AV) bundle. sinoatrial (SA) node. atrioventricular (AV) node. Purkinje fibers.

sinoatrial (SA) node.

What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest? closed capillaries fenestrated capillaries continuous capillaries sinusoidal capillaries

sinusoidal capillaries

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation? pancreas stomach spleen gallbladder

spleen

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? systemic arteries pulmonary veins pulmonary arteries systemic veins

systemic arteries

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? systemic capillary beds systemic venules systemic arterioles systemic veins

systemic arterioles

Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine? venules capillaries coronary arterioles systemic arterioles

systemic arterioles

Which vessels are the most compliant? systemic veins systemic arteries systemic metarterioles systemic arterioles

systemic veins

As a result of the long refractory period in the contractile cell refractory period, cardiac muscle can NOT exhibit: tetany. treppe. oxygen debt. fatigue.

tetany.

The highlighted portion of this ECG trace corresponds to __________. the duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay atrial repolarization ventricular repolarization ventricular depolarization and plateau phase

the duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay

A bruise appears greenish in the skin because: A. green-colored hemoglobin leaks from the bloodstream into the bruise. B. the heme group in hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. C. dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. D. bilirubin from hemoglobin recycling has accumulated in the bruise.

the heme group in hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

The enzyme that coverts fibrinogen to fibrin is __________. tissue factor prothrombin factor Xa thrombin

thrombin

The process by which a blood clot dissolves is called __________. clot retraction anticoagulation coagulation thrombolysis

thrombolysis

Where do T lymphocytes mature? tonsils throat thymus gland thyroid gland

thymus gland

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood? to transport and exchange gases blood clotting to maintain body temperature to protect vital organs

to protect vital organs

By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary? facilitated diffusion transcytosis diffusion osmosis

transcytosis

Iron molecules released from the breakdown of hemoglobin are transported through the blood by: antibodies. albumin. transferrin. vitamin B12.

transferrin.

The function of red blood cells is to: phagocytize bacteria. transport nutrients to the body's cells and tissues. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. stop blood loss from an injured blood vessel.

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the: pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary capillaries. tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. mitral valve and into the left ventricle.

tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle.

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel. A. tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B. tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media C. tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa D. tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

If the chemoreceptors detect a decrease in blood oxygen concentration, they will trigger __________. vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output vasodilation and increased cardiac output vasodilation and decreased cardiac output vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output

vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output

The baroreceptor reflex response to high blood pressure is __________. vasodilation and decreased cardiac output vasodilation and increased cardiac output vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output

vasodilation and decreased cardiac output

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body? muscular arteries metarterioles veins arterioles

veins

Both the left and right atria receive blood from: arteries. veins. the lungs. the ventricles.

veins.

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the __________. vena cavae pulmonary arteries cardiac veins pulmonary veins

vena cavae

During what phase does blood flow from the ventricles into the pulmonary trunk and aorta? isovolumetric relaxation phase ventricular filling ventricular ejection phase isovolumetric contraction phase

ventricular ejection phase

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to __________. atrial depolarization atrial repolarization ventricular repolarization ventricular depolarization

ventricular repolarization

A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets? 47% 53% 1% 46%

1%

Since erythrocytes lack a nucleus to make repairs, they only live: 10-20 days. 100-120 days. 145-175 days. 30-60 days

100-120 days.

Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure if the Hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the Colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg. - 15 mm Hg 15 mm Hg 25 mm Hg 65 mm Hg

15 mm Hg

Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential. 1) atrioventricular (AV) bundle 2) Purkinje fibers 3) sinoatrial (SA) node 4) right and left bundle branches 5) contractile cells of cardiac muscle tissue 6) atrioventricular (AV) node 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5 3, 1, 6, 4, 5, 2 3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 5 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 5

3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5

How much blood does the average adult have? 1.5 L 7 L 5 L 3 L

5 L

Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells? A. A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. B. A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. C. A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly decreases sympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. D. A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.

The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the: cava. aorta. pulmonary trunk. coronary sinus.

Aorta

What vessel delivers oxygenated blood to systemic capillaries for gas exchange? aorta pulmonary trunk coronary artery circumflex artery

Aorta

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? - capillaries - veins - venules - arteries

Arteries

Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT: blood vessel length. vessel radius. blood viscosity. blood type.

Blood Type

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? decreased tissue demand for oxygen moving to a lower altitude an increased number of RBCs Blood oxygen levels fall below normal.

Blood oxygen levels fall below normal.

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an osmotic pressure gradient equal to __________. Hydrostatic pressure + Net filtration pressure Capillary OP - interstitial OP Interstitial OP + Capillary OP Interstitial OP - Capillary OP

Capillary OP - interstitial OP

The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to and from the: body. liver. brain. lungs.

Lungs

You are observing a blood slide under the microscope and you see a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and light blue cytoplasm. You identify this cell as a __________. neutrophil monocyte basophil lymphocyte

Monocyte

Which of the following will cause in increase in peripheral resistance? Blood Vessel Length Vessel Diameter Blood Viscosity Obstruction in Vessels

Obstruction in Vessels