Unit 2 Chapter 8 Cog Psych.
extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate
A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that
more often than the normal distractors
According to the predictions of the False Memory experiment, how often should participants remember the special/related distractors?
false memory
An individual is undergoing therapy under the guidance of a psychiatrist. After weeks of discussing their unhappy childhood the individual begins to experience flashbacks of instances of intense ridicule from other children when she was young. The psychiatrist later finds out that these instances never actually occurred. This individual was experiencing a ________.
constructive nature of memory
Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the
Graduating from college at age 22
Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall?
adolescence and young adulthood
For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for
cultural expectations
In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on
schemas
In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of _____ on memory.
script
Jackie went to the grocery store to pick up yogurt, bread, and apples. First, she picked up a hand basket for carrying her groceries, and then she searched the store. After finding what she needed, she stood in a check-out line. Then, the cashier put her items in a plastic bag, and soon after, Jackie left the store. As readers of this event, we understand that Jackie paid for the groceries, even though it wasn't mentioned, because we are relying on a grocery store _____.
even if they are told to ignore the postevent information
Lindsay's misinformation effect experiment, in which participants were given a memory test about a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer, showed that participants are influenced by MPI
respond yes/old to a new face.
One of the four indices that can be used to assess recognition memory (e.g., in the Facial Recognition experiment) is false alarm. Which of the following is an example of false alarm?
when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of her choice, even when the choice is wrong.
Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that
the presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event
Stanny and Johnson's "weapons focus" experiment, investigating memory for crime scenes, found that
cryptomnesia
Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as
source misattribution
The "wedding reception" false memory experiment shows that false memories can be explained as a product of familiarity and
Falsely recognize a previously seen foil as the target face in a later memory test.
The background information of the Facial Recognition experiment describes source monitoring error as one of the possible reasons for false recognition. Which of the following is the best example of a source monitoring error?
source misattributions
The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered) illustrated the effect of _____ on memory.
narrative rehearsal hypothesis
The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about with other people is called the
after the event
The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented
the same participants remembering some information at longer and longer intervals after learning the information.
The repeated reproduction technique used in memory studies involves
What people recall or recognize is a re-creation of the original experience.
What does it mean that memory is reconstructive rather than reproductive?
It is easily influenced by contextual information.
Which of the following best describes a person's memory for any given event?
A sequential lineup increases the chance that the witness compares each person in the lineup to his or her memory of the event.
Which of the following statements is true of police lineups?
Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup.
Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research?
failing to elaboratively rehearse these kinds of events due to fear
Your text's discussion of eyewitness testimony illustrates that this type of memory is frequently influenced by all of the following EXCEPT
Retroactive interference
____ occurs when more recent learning impairs memory for something that happened further back in the past.