BSCT Chapters 1, 3, 5, & 7

Along with clinical signs such as off feed, violent pawing, rolling, and sweating - all of the following are indicators of colic in a horse except:

A very low heart rate or heart that seems to skip a beat

By size, what age do dogs reach maturity? Small breeds (A.) 18-24 months Medium breeds (B.) 12-18 months Giant breeds (C.) 9-12 months

C, B, A

Prior to handling and movement, it is not necessary to take the time to analyze the safety of the surroundings nor determine an animal's physical potential or ability to resist the handler.

False

Since it cannot cause a total shut down of circulation, it is advisable to use an arterial tourniquet to control severe bleeding in horses.

False

To become a registered veterinary technician (RVT), you must earn an Associate of Arts (AA) degree and pass state and national exams.

False

Tuberculosis in not a program area for veterinarians in the regulatory sector of public veterinary practice.

False

Veterinarians in private practices are not allowed to participate in or perform research.

False

If a horse comes into the clinic lame, a veterinarian may want to perform ________ first to help determine the cause of lameness.

Flexion tests

Of the insects listed below, _________ are the major concern with regards to wound contamination.

Flies

_________ are contaminated particles of soil, food, water, and air that can act as a transporter of a disease agent.

Fomites

History & Medical Record: It is important for the patient record, especially that of dogs, to indicate if the animal is on a _________ medication, and if so, what type and the date it was last administered.

Heartworm

The needles available for syringes vary in size; common sizes are 24 to 14 gauge (G) in caliber (diameter) and 1/4 to 5 inches in length. The _________ the gauge, the _________ the diameter.

Higher, smaller

_________: The individual or population at risk of acquiring a disease; factors include age, breed, sex, nutritional and immune status, inherent resistance, stress levels, and the presence of other diseases.

Host

Which of the following is not considered a direct, plausible benefit of rehabilitation for animal patients?

Improve common undesirable dog behaviors such as destructive chewing and housetraining

Behavioral signs of pain can differ among animal patients individually and by breed.

Increased salivation

A veterinary assistant would not be responsible for which one of the following tasks:

Prescribe medication

The type of bandage used to control bleeding, reduce or minimize swelling, and restrict movement:

Pressure bandage

There are several important elements of information needed in an animal's new patient file, ___________________ is not one of them.

Proof of the animal's age

Human touch is reassuring to most animal patients. Which one of the following is not a correct example of a way to ease or comfort post-operative animal patients?

Provide a quiet room with bright lighting to reduce anxiety for patients coming out of anesthesia.

Unique to ___________: Ingestion of the soft fecal pellets, called cecotrophs, that they produce at night which are high in protein, minerals, and B vitamins.

Rabbits

Which one of the following is not usually a part of a complete physical exam?

Review of the animal's certified pedigree

The development of disease requires three factors, and each have an influence in determining the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population. Which one of the following is not one of those factors?

The absence of a usable formative medium

During first aid care, proper handling and restraint of the animal is very important to _________.

The animal and the handler

Which of the following is not true of restraining an animal for the physical exam?

The assistant should restrain the patient so that it experiences no discomfort

Once the rubber stopper of a multi-dose biological vial is punctured with a needle to withdraw a dose, there are several considerations of concern for storage. Which of the following should not be one of them?

The cost-related factor for waste of medication

Feeding Rabbits: Rabbits should be fed commercial rabbit pellets that contain 15-19% protein and 16-29% fiber along with high-quality hay such as alfalfa.

True

For large animals, rectal palpation is used as necessary during a physical examination to diagnose abnormalities of the reproductive tracts of both males and females and to confirm pregnancy in females.

True

Large or giant breed puppies should be fed a specially formulated large breed puppy food instead of "regular" puppy food to help reduce the risk of bone deformities and joint problems.

True

Nociceptive pain can be divided into two categories: somatic and visceral.

True

One of the primary responsibilities of the veterinary assistant is to calm the patient and offer reassurance during the exam.

True

Proper nutrition improves an animal's immune response to infectious and noninfectious diseases.

True

Public veterinary practice includes positions in the U.S. Military.

True

Supplements, including free-choice supplements, can be used when additional protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins are needed in livestock diets.

True

The normal diet of ruminants and horses is roughages; forages must be included as part of a balanced diet to prevent gastrointestinal disturbances and to maintain proper digestion.

True

The principal factor that determines how much food an animal will eat each day is energy.

True

There are many options for veterinarians other than just clinical practice; thus, there are many career options for veterinary assistants

True

_________ are objects such as needles, towels, gloves, and leashes that can act as a transporter of a disease agent.

Vehicles

Regarding patient handling in a veterinary hospital, which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding restraint?

Voice commands and relying on the past reputation of an animal to behave is an acceptable method of restraint.

An accurate _________ of an animal is required as part of a thorough physical examination because it is significant in assessing the body's condition and required to determine the proper dosing of medications.

Weight

If a pressure bandage directly on the wound does not control bleeding, when possible, apply pressure _________ the wound for an artery and _________ the wound for a vein.

above; below

Spacing between walls and false bottoms should be well matched and snug to prevent foot or leg injuries.

Cage or stall space should adequately restrict movement

Large animals (horses, cattle, and other farm animals) do not require the same elements of a physical examinations as that of small animals to make a medical diagnosis.

False

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, increased respiratory rate, shallow breathing, and pale mucous membranes are all _________ changes that could indicate a physiological response to pain.

Cardiopulmonary

A cat's daily energy requirement can be determined by a number of different formulas. Which of the following is the correct formula often used for calculating the maintenance energy requirement (MER) for cats?

(30 x BW) + 70

Housing Systems: The conditions immediately surrounding the animal inside the cage or stall is the _________.

Microenvironment

If an animal has a possible rib or thorax injury, artificial respiration should still be used if the animal is in respiratory distress.

False

From the list in the graphic, how many are common places where veterinary assistants are employed? Small/large animal private practices, public hospitals, utilities cooperatives sectors of state & federal government, school districts, diagnostic laboratories, pharmaceutical companies, pet food producers, pet equipment supplies, pet stores, refiners, animal shelters, civil engineering firms, zoos, and aquariums.

10

If you must use a tourniquet to control severe bleeding of a wound, it must be applied tight enough to stop the bleeding but also loosened every _________ minutes.

10 to 15

Guinea pigs should be fed a commercial pelleted guinea pig food that contain _________ protein, 4% fat, and 16% fiber.

18-20%

Neutered pets require _________ less energy/nutrient intake than intact cats or dogs.

20% -30%

Once weaned, puppies should be fed a high quality, AAFCO-tested puppy food three to four times a day until they are _____ months of age - only allowing them to eat for 15-20 minutes to prevent overeating and growing too rapidly.

3

What is the correct order of the neural pathways involved in the perception of pain? 1. Modulation 2. Transduction 3. Transmission 4. Perception

3, 1, 2, 4 3. Transmission 1. Modulation 2. Transduction 4. Perception

A temporary splint should be applied to prevent movement of a broken bone. What are the steps in supporting a broken leg by splinting? Number the steps in order for splinting a broken leg 1. Pad the leg 2. Obtain two thin, stiff pieces of wood, metal, PVC, or other material to make the splint 3. Wrap the bandage material around the leg and splints, extending above and below the fracture 4. Incorporate (include) consideration of the joint above and below the fracture which is necessary to stabilize the fracture 5. Apply splints to the front and back or front/back and side of the leg

3, 2, 5, 1, 4 3. Wrap the bandage material around the leg and splints, extending above and below the fracture 2. Obtain two thin, stiff pieces of wood, metal, PVC, or other material to make the splint 5. Apply splints to the front and back or front/back and side of the leg 1. Pad the leg 4. Incorporate (include) consideration of the joint above and below the fracture which is necessary to stabilize the fracture

Adult gerbils will eat _________ of food per day.

5 - 7 grams

Two of the most important variables of a confined animal's environment are temperature and humidity. The optimal temperature range is _________.

64 - 84 °F

What is the recommended number of staff personnel involved in cleaning and decontamination that should be trained and continuously evaluated in the methods and procedures for the safe application of disinfectants and for maintenance of quality assurance standards for a disease-free facility?

All

The risk to both the animal and the handler is greatest when

An animal must be restrained or moved during examination and treatment

Of the following exam protocols, which one would not be included as part of a routine physical examination of the digestive system of a small animal?

An ultrasound of the abdomen

_________ is based on science and is related to the well-being and productivity of animals; its advocates encourage the humane treatment of animals.

Animal welfare

What two vitamins must be synthesized, or regularly supplied in the feed of animals?

B and C

Handling Medications: Match the measuring terms and descriptions. 1. Drugs and pesticides A. Measured in milligrams (mg), grams (gm) milliliters (ml), cubic centimeters (cc), ounces (oz), or pills, 2. Tablets, or boluses 3. Quantity of product dose B. Body weight of the animal determines the dose 4. Vaccines (Biologicals) C. Published on the label 5. Product Dose D. Usually the same dose for all weights and ages of the animal

B, A, D, C

Match the area of public veterinary practice to the correct description. Education A. Perform inspections in both animals and human health; perform food inspections on seafood, dairy products, inspections in zoonoses Research B. Hold positions as university professors and extension specialists; deliver information to other veterinarians and animal owners to foster optimal health and well-being for animals Regulatory C. Provide clinical and diagnostic services through veterinary colleges and veterinary diagnostic laboratories; often provide services to local humane societies Service D. Perform basic and clinical Analysis on both Laboratory and domestic animals Including discovery groundwork In the study of diseases

B; D; A; C

Chemical disinfectants are subdivided into types by their electronegative status. Click on the image below to review a list of pertinent factors. Which subgroup classification is described? Pertinent Factors: Most effective against Gram-positive bacterial strains Little efficacy against mycobacteria and bacterial spores Viruses have a resistance to this compound Organic matter and other anionic surfactants have a significant detrimental effect upon the efficacy of this type of disinfectant

Cationic

Which method of disinfection has the broadest application and effectiveness overall?

Chemical

Which class of chemical disinfectant? Click on the image below to review a list of characteristics and/or pertinent facts that would describe __________. Characteristics and pertinent facts: Wide spectrum of bacterial action Limited activity against mycobacteriae In ethanolic solutions, it is tuberculocidal Organic matter restricts effectiveness

Chlorhexidine

__________: The professional skills and services required to treat, support, and care for hospitalized patients including professional medical diagnosis, surgical, or medical treatment.

Clinical Services

A sub-unit of _________ may include specialties such as anesthesiology, radiology, nuclear medicine, clinical pathology, clinical parasitology, clinical microbiology, and an intensive care unit.

Clinical service support

Which of the following would not be used in measuring the medication dose for a solid?

Cubic centimeters (cc)

A broader term that refers to cleaning, disinfection, antisepsis, and sterilization:

Decontamination

Which one of the following physical conditions would not typically be found on a veterinary hospital inspection sheet?

Equipment Inventory

Nutritionists separate nutrients into two categories. _________ nutrients must be supplied from food because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

Essential

A veterinarian is not required to have knowledge of the animal to be permitted to prescribe or dispense a drug for the animal.

False

All potential and actual tissue damage in animals should not be considered to cause pain.

False

Dogs eat to meet their energy needs; the quantity of feed required each day does not depend on neuter status or temperament, but it does depend on the season of the year, activity level, energy level of the diet, and the dog's general health.

False

For pregnant cats, gradually decrease the amount of food offered over the pregnancy duration.

False

If a horse is exhibiting signs of colic, including being depressed and wanting to lie quietly, first aid treatment should include making the animal get up and walk.

False

The two essential fatty acids (EFAs) that dogs require in their diets:

Linoleic and gamma linolenic acid

All animals, including dogs and cats, are unable to extract all of the energy (calories) from food. The _________ formula was developed to approximate the metabolizable energy of food.

ME

Usually presents as a nuisance type pain

Mild pain

In addition to the primary reason for a visit to the veterinarian clinic/hospital, which of the following in not typically associated as an added stressor for the patient?

Modernity of the facility

Being true carnivores, cats require _________ protein in their diet than dogs.

More

A veterinarian can assess __________ and _________ functions and mental state by observing a horse's gait and posture.

Neurologic and musculoskeletal

Which clinical rehabilitation service utilizes pulsed, low-frequency currents to help relieve acute and chronic pain and help prevent muscle atrophy from orthopedic and neurological diseases?

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Physiological pain is divided into two main classifications:

Nociceptive and neuropathic

_________ can be a problem for indoor cats that are inactive or bored, and it can lead to more serious health conditions.

Obesity

Bedding for hospitalized or housed animals should be changed at least _________ daily.

Once

A drench syringe/drench gun is marked with units of measurements (graduated) in __________ and are usually _________ in size.

Ounces, 1 to 12 oz

Which class of chemical disinfectant? Click on the image below to review a list of characteristics and/or pertinent facts that would describe __________. Characteristics of pertinent facts: Used as a general disinfectants Characterized by coal tar fractions Spore-foaming bacteria tend to be resistant to this class of disinfectants This class of disinfectant is more apt to be inactivated by organic matter, so it must be used on clean surfaces to be effective

Phenolics

Described as localized, sharp, aching, or throbbing pain that originates from skin, connective tissue, muscle, joint, and bone:

Somatic

Orthotic devices used to protect an injured or disabled limb:

Splints

_______________ require(s) certain information be included on the label of every dispensed drug.

The FDA and state boards of veterinary medical examiners

Osseointegration:

The surgical implantation of internal devices

A mixture of dry kitten food and canned food should be offered to kittens _________ times per day from weaning age until adulthood.

Three or four

Which of the following should not be a consideration for the safe handling of a patient in an animal hospital facility?

Time Constraints

Why do pharmaceutical companies distribute certain products in dark, non-transparent containers?

To allow the product to remain stable for a longer period of time

Micro-minerals are also known as _________ minerals because they are needed in small quantities (parts per million).

Trace

A small, calm animal can be sufficiently restrained by applying gentle pressure while holding the head and neck.

True

A stethoscope is routinely used during physical examinations to evaluate the digestive system.

True

Assigning duties to the veterinary assistant allows a veterinarian to spend more time with each patient, and it gives the veterinarian the ability to see more patients

True

Syringes are usually marked with units of measurements (graduated) in cc or _____ and are _________ in size.

ml; 1 to 60 cc