BUS 138 Final NON t/f

P values can take on a range of:

0.000 to 1.00.

Let's assume there are juniors, seniors, and graduate students (more than just Theresa) in your class and we want to know if the average GPAs differ among these groups. What is the proper statistical technique to use?

ANOVA

Rebecca Sims is the general manager of a chain of auto parts stores. There are 400 stores in the country and they are divided up into seven divisions based upon geography. Each division has a division manager. The firm prides itself on keeping close tabs on customer satisfaction, and Rebecca has decided to take a sample of the 400 to test a new surrogate measure of customer satisfaction — the dollar value of returned merchandise. Each sample store reports daily the dollar value of merchandise returned and an average is calculated for each division. When Rebecca sees the first set of results, she wants to know if the differences between the division means are real or due to sampling error. Rebecca should use which test?

ANOVA

Which of the following is NOT an example of unintentional fieldworker error?

Cheatin'

Which of the following is NOT an example of unintentional respondent error?

Cheating

Reasons for taking a sample instead of a census include: A) cost. B) inability of research firms to handle huge amounts of data generated by a census on a large population. C) There is no good reason; a census is preferred over a sample. D) A and B E) B and C

D) A and B

________ is defined as the identification of code values that are associated with the possible responses for each question on the questionnaire.

Data coding

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used for

Determining if there is a difference among the averages of three or more groups

Regression is used for:

Determining if there is a linear relation between two interval or ratio scaled variables

Chi-square tests are used for:

Determining if there is an association between two nominal scaled variables

________ are defined as errors committed by the individuals who administer questionnaires, typically interviewers.

Fieldworker errors

The null and alternative hypotheses for the chi-square test involving 2 variables is

Ho: the two variables are independent Ha: the two variables are not independent

________ is used to compare the sample statistic with what is believed to be the population value prior to undertaking the study.

Hypothesis testing

________ occur whenever a data collection person willfully violates the data collection requirements set forth by the researcher.

Intentional fieldworker errors

Which of the following is true about nonsampling errors?

It cannot be measured by a formula like sampling errors.

________ refers to attempting to influence the respondent's answers through wording, voice inflection, or body language.

Leading the respondent

A demographic question like, "What is your age?" should have which of the following measures for the 'central tendency' of the response?

Mean

The ________ is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers.

Mean

A question like, "On a scale of -2 to 2, how does the LCOB rate on the relevance of its core business courses?" should have which of the following responses for its central tendency?

Median

________ includes a failure on the part of a prospective respondent to take part in the survey, premature termination of the interview, or refusals to answer specific questions on the questionnaire.

Nonresponse

Ping Golf, Inc., conducts a study in which they use a probability sample of 600 golfers. They examine the data from the sample and calculate that 28 percent of them own Ping golf clubs. The 28 percent is the

Sample Statistic.

You have run an independent sample t-test on SPSS and got an observed significance of 0.51 This means

There is very weak evidence against the null hypothesis, so you cannot reject the null hypothesis.

Which of the following best represents how a nonsampling error can be minimized?

Various controls can be imposed on the data collection process to minimize the effects of nonsampling error.

You have been hired by a restaurant to do research on their customer satisfaction. Assume you have two questions of the same format, a 5-point scale measuring importance level. One question measures importance of prices in the selection of a restaurant and the other measures food quality. If you want to know if the two mean scores to each question are significantly different, you would use:

a paired samples test for the differences between two means.

A meaningful difference is one that the marketing manager:

can potentially use as a basis for marketing decisions.

The term ________ applies to any statistical measure used that somehow reflects a typical or frequent response.

central tendency

Kyle is paid $18 per interview on consumer's reactions to a new advertisement. He is paid based on the completed number of surveys. At the end of the day, he fills in data for the questions some respondents didn't answer. Which of the following data collection errors is evident here?

cheating

Which of the following sample plans would NOT be considered a probability sample?

convenience sample

You are an officer in your college's Student Marketing Association. You are looking for ways to ensure that members will join again the following year. Lately, students tend to join for one semester or one year and then drop out. You decide to take a simple random sample of this year's members and give them a survey. One of the questions asks: Will you join the SMA next semester? Yes, No, Don't Know. Another question asks respondents to check all the following that they feel provides them with "value" by virtue of being in the SMA: free food at meetings, getting to socialize in a relaxed setting with fellow classmates, learning about businesses through the guest speaker program, getting job search information through the organization's "Career Search" program, and getting to know your professors on a more personal basis. You want to know which of these are related to whether or not students will join the SMA in the next semester. What analysis should you run to detect an association of returning to the SMA next year with each 'explanatory' variable?

cross-tabulations with chi-square tests

Tommy Prothro, a marketing manager for Golden Snack Bars, has commissioned marketing research to determine if one recipe of snack bar is superior to another recipe. More than 400 persons who were "snack bar eaters" were involved in taste tests and, after tasting both recipes, they were asked which recipe they would purchase the next time they purchased snack bars. Tommy is now looking at the data and he sees that recipe A had 53 percent stating a preference, whereas recipe B had 47 percent. Tommy's brand manager felt this was "significant" evidence that the firm should produce recipe A. But Tommy wanted more evidence, so he asked the research firm to run a test to determine if there was a significant difference in the percentage who preferred each of the two recipes. By doing this, Tommy would get information that would allow him to determine:

if there are real differences between the two recipe preferences in the population.

In a study of the LCOB, a student in Marketing Research interviews 50 students who are using the main stairway at noon on Monday. If the student decides to increase the sample size to 200, they would:

increase the sample size, but the sample would still not be representative of the population.

Mike Shula is a head football coach. His athletic department spends $30,000 a season on Lizard-Ade, a flavored drink that supposedly contributes to the performance of his players. This year, an independent sports testing association has decided to test the merits of Lizard-Ade and Shula's university has been selected as a member of the national sample. The study is an experiment in which the players, unknown to them, are divided into two groups. Group 1 receives the real Lizard-Ade prior to and during the games. Group 2 receives a placebo, which is nothing more than sugar-flavored colored water in containers made to make the sugar-flavored water appear to be Lizard-Ade. It is common practice that, following each game, the coaches evaluate films and give each player a grade ranging from 0 to 100. After the season the sports testing association collects the data. They now have a mean score of performance for each of the two groups for all of the athletic departments participating in the study. If you are the researcher, what statistical test would you conduct?

independent samples t test

Fieldworker errors and respondent errors are both classified into

intentional and unintentional errors

Olivia's shift is 7 hours long with a half-hour break for lunch. She has received a call from day care that her child is ill and she needs to pick him up at lunchtime. During the morning after the call from day-care, she forgets asking a few questions and also forgets to take notes. Which of the following collection errors is evident here?

interviewer distraction

If we were to graph two variables, let's say, height (in inches) and GPA, and the graph showed points scattered about in a formless shape, we could say there is:

likely no significant relationship between height and GPA.

The ________ expresses that measure of central tendency whose occurrence lies in the middle of an ordered set of values.

median

In the textbook there is an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS. The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272 and df =7. This information alone means:

none of the above

Values that are computed from a complete census, which is considered to be a precise and valid survey of the entire population, are referred to as:

parameters.

An entire group under study, as specified by the objectives of the research project, is known as the:

population.

Values that are computed from information provided by a sample are referred to as the sample's:

statistics.

A sampling method that separates the population into different subgroups, and then takes probability samples from each of these subgroups, is the definition for:

stratified sampling method

A researcher has the task of estimating how many units of a revolutionary new photocopy machine will be purchased among businesses in Cleveland, Ohio, for the coming annual sales forecast. Her plan is to ask the likelihood that a business will purchase the new device. For those who are "very likely" to purchase, she want respondents to estimate how many machines their company will buy. She has data to divide the companies into small, medium, and large firms based on the number of employees the firms have at their Cleveland office. What type of sampling plan should she use?

stratified sampling.

In the textbook there is an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS. The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272, df = 7 and the Asymp. Sig. = .002. This means:

there is a significant association.

A professor conducted a survey to help her university understand the student population better, particularly in terms of factors that differentiate students with high versus low GPAs. One of the questions asked was: "Did you pass or fail the last test you took?" and another question in the study asked "Did you study or not study for the last test you took?" The professor ran a cross-tabulation analysis on these two questions and also ran the chi-square test. The result was a Pearson Chi-Square Value of 8.64 and a p value reported as a "Sig." in SPSS of .03. This means:

there was an association between the two variables; the null hypothesis is rejected because the p-value was 3%.