Business Research Methods Midterm

Observation means to collect data by ________. A viewing B listening C touching D All of the above are correct.

D All of the above are correct.

Which term below refers to an electronic storehouse where vast arrays of collected, integrated data are organized to facilitate retrieval and interpretation by end users? A Data record B Data mart C Decision assessment system D Data warehouse

D Data warehouse

_______ occurs when the responses of participants differ in some systematic way from the responses of nonparticipants. A Measurement error B Data entry error C Sampling error D Nonresponse error

D Nonresponse error

Which of the following attributes must be identified using inferential observation? A Selling points presented B Length of sales meeting C Time and day of week D Salesperson credibility

D Salesperson credibility

Which type of nonprobability sampling technique involves choosing participants who then refer others with similar or different characteristics? A Random sampling B Purposive sampling C Convenience sampling D Snowball sampling

D Snowball sampling

In a survey of football fans, each participant is asked to indicate whether they have ever attended an NFL game. This question can be categorized as a(n) ________ scale. A ratio B interval C ordinal D nominal

D nominal

Exercises that prepare participants for individual or group interviews on a topic are called ________. A calisthenics B projection techniques C homework D pretasking

D pretasking

The study of how people organize the territory around them and maintain discrete distances between themselves and others is known as ________. A extralinguistics B feng shui C kinesics D proxemics

D proxemics

Secondary data as a means of addressing a management problem are considered weaker than primary data because the data A. were potentially collected to address a different problem. B. are older, and therefore, irrelevant to current conditions. C. are less specific to the current problem. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which term below refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete, unambiguous events, objects, conditions, or situations? A. Variable B. Construct C. Theory D. Concept

D. Concept

What is the first step in conducting a literature search? A Define the management dilemma, research question, and investigative questions B Identify key terms, people, or events C Search indexes, bibliographies, and the Web D Evaluate the value and credibility of secondary sources

A Define the management dilemma, research question, and investigative questions

Which variable in an experiment is the variable expected to be affected by the manipulation? A Dependent variable B Extraneous variable C Moderating variable D Mediating variable

A Dependent variable

Data collected by interview of a fan at a concert would be A Primary data B. Secondary data C. Nominal data D. Ratio data

A Primary data

Which type of research attempts a precise measurement of some behavior, knowledge, opinion, or attitude? A Quantitative B Qualitative C Exploratory D Cross-sectional

A Quantitative

Which type of communication data collection is typically the lowest-cost option? A Self-administered B Phone interview C Personal interview D Record analysis

A Self-administered

A statistical study is one that ________. A attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses B emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations C discovers answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, or how much D attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another

A attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses

A case study is one that ________. A emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations B discovers answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, or how much C attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another D provides repeated measures over an extended period of time

A emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations

A(n) ________ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement criteria. A operational definition B empirical definition C measurement rule D mapping rule

A operational definition

Rachel is interested in learning the effect of using a celebrity endorsement on sales. The presence or absence of a celebrity endorsement is the ________ variable. A. Independent B. Dependent C. Mediating D. Criterion

A. Independent

Business research ________ while data analytics ________. A. collects data to resolve a current dilemma; analyzes previously collected data. B. uses larger amounts of data; uses smaller amounts of data C draws data from external and internal sources; draws data from internal data warehouses D. is referred to as big data; is referred to as small data

A. collects data to resolve a current dilemma; analyzes previously collected data.

Which term below refers to a study involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable? A Ex post facto B Experiment C Monitoring study D Communication study

B Experiment

________ are original works of research or raw data without interpretation that represent an official opinion or position. A Secondary sources B Primary sources C Statistical sources D Bibliographies

B Primary sources

Which type of research includes an array of interpretative techniques that seek to describe, decode, translate, and otherwise come to terms with the meaning of certain phenomena? A Quantitative B Qualitative C Statistical D Descriptive

B Qualitative

Which term below refers to a controlled procedure that assures that each population element is given a known nonzero chance of selection into the sample? A Nonprobability sampling B Random selection C Systematic selection D Judgment sampling

B Random selection

Which type of interview requires the least amount of skill and creativity on the part of the interviewer? A Unstructured B Structured C Semistructured D Exploratory

B Structured

If one selects a sample by beginning with a random start in the sample frame and then selecting every kth element in the frame for inclusion in the sample, which type of sampling method is being used? A Simple random B Systematic C Cluster D Stratified

B Systematic

________ is the extent to which a measurement tool actually measures what we wish to measure. A Reliability B Validity C Practicality D Significance

B Validity

The tendency for participants to be agreeable is called ________. A social desirability responding B acquiescence bias C elaboration likelihood D agreeableness

B acquiescence bias

The use of a(n) ________ serves as a comparison to assess the existence and potency of the manipulation. A experimental group B control group C criterion variable D explanatory variable

B control group

A descriptive study is one that ________. A emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations B discovers answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, or how much C attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another D provides repeated measures over an extended period of time

B discovers answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, or how much

A simulation is a study that is designed to ________. A occur under actual environmental conditions C facilitate measurement D control all possible variables

B imitate reality

The observation of human verbal behavior during conversation, presentation, or interaction is known as ________ observation. A nonverbal B linguistic C spatial D temporal

B linguistic

The ________ is the midpoint of a distribution. A mode B median C mean D range

B median

All of the following are sources of error in communication research except ________. A measurement questions B observers C survey questionnaires D interviewers

B observers

A ________ is the total collection of elements about which the researcher wishes to make inferences. A population parameter B target population C population element D sample frame

B target population

Information collected from participants, by observation, or from secondary sources is called ________. A. Response B. Data C. Knowledge D. Fact

B. Data

________ occurs when we observe a fact and ask, "Why is this?" A. Deduction B. Induction C. Empiricism D. Curiosity

B. Induction

Which variable in an experiment is manipulated by the researcher? A Dependent variable B Moderating variable C Independent variable D Mediating variable

C Independent variable

Data collected during a survey asking someone to rank their top three favorite ice cream flavors would be A Secondary data B Nominal data C Ordinal data D Ratio data

C Ordinal data

Which sampling method includes elements from each of several mutually exclusive groups within a population? A Simple random B Systematic C Stratified D Cluster

C Stratified

Which of the following terms refers to the variation in measures due to some known or unknown influence that causes the scores to skew in one direction or another A Precision B Standard error C Systematic variance D Sampling error

C Systematic variance

Which information source may be interpretations of a secondary source but is generally represented by indexes, bibliographies, and Internet search engines? A Secondary B Secondary C Tertiary D External

C Tertiary

A causal-explanatory study is one that ________. A emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations B discovers answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, or how much C attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another D provides repeated measures over an extended period of time

C attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another

A tentative descriptive statement of the relationship between the variables is called a(n) ________. A research question B postulation C hypothesis D educated guess

C hypothesis

The problem or opportunity that requires a business decision is called the ________. A research question B management-research-question hierarchy C management dilemma D management question

C management dilemma

Attitudes are a type of ________. A object B physical property C psychological property D social property

C psychological property

The recording of how humans physically relate to one another is called ________ observation. A nonverbal B linguistic C spatial D mechanical/digital

C spatial

Interviewer error may be caused by ________. A an unwillingness to participate B participant faulty recall C the falsification of answers D social desirability responding

C the falsification of answers

Apple plans to survey every customer who has purchased an Apple computer in the last 5 years. Apple plans to use a ________. A. Convenience sample B. Hypothesis C. Census D. Random sample

C. Census

A(n) ________ describes the interrelationships between concepts and constructs. A. Hypothetical Construct B. Hypotheses C. Conceptual Scheme D. Operational definition

C. Conceptual Scheme