C++ chapter 5- 8 exam 2

daul- alternative selection structures

Selection structures that require two sets of action, one when true and one when false

single alternative selection structure

a selection structure that requires a special set of actions to be taken only when the structures condition is true

local variable

a variable declared within a statement block; can be used only by the instructions within the statement block in which it is declared

counter controlled loop

loops whose processing and termination are conrolled by a counter variable

scientific stream manipulator

manipulator used to display reall numbers in scientific notation

selection structure

one of the three control structures; tells the computer to make decision before sitting the next instruction to process

logical operators

operators used to combine two

Comparison operators

operators used to compare values having the same data type in an expression, <, <=, >, >=, ==, !=

short circuit evaluation

refers to the way the compuer evaluates two subconditions connected by a logical operator

argument

represents information that a funtion needs to preform a task

multiple e=alternative selection structures

selection sturcture that contain several alternatives, can be coded using either the multiple alternative form of the if statement or the switch statements

priming read

the input instruction that appears above the loop that it controls; used to get the first input item from the user

update read

the input instruction that appears within a loop and is associated with the priming read

fixed stream manipulator

the manipulator used to display in fixed point notation

Updating

the process of adding a number to the value stored in a counter or accumulator

initializing

the process of assigning a beginning value to a memory location

Data validation

the process of verifying that a programs input data is within the expected range

loop exit condition

the requirement that must be met for the computer to stop processing the loop body

sentinel values

values that are used to end loops; also called trip values or trailer values

counter

a numeric variable used for counting something

accumulator

a numeric variale used for accumulating something

nested selection structure

a selection structure that is wholly contained within either the true or false path of another selection

switch statements

C++ statement used to code alternative selection structures

pretest loop

a loop whose condition is evaluated before the instructions in its loop body are processed

setprecision stream manipulator

The manipulator used to control the number of decimal places tat appear when a real number is displayed

endless loop

a loop whose instructions are processed indefinitely

for statement

a C++ statement that can be used to code a pretest

break statement

a C++ statement used to tell the computer to exit a switch statement

nested loop

a loop contained entirely within another loop

posttest loop

a loop whose condition is evaluated after the instructions in its loop body are processed

Boolean operators

another term for logical operators

decrementing

decreasing value

incrementing

increasing a value