C++ chapter 5- 8 exam 2
daul- alternative selection structures
Selection structures that require two sets of action, one when true and one when false
single alternative selection structure
a selection structure that requires a special set of actions to be taken only when the structures condition is true
local variable
a variable declared within a statement block; can be used only by the instructions within the statement block in which it is declared
counter controlled loop
loops whose processing and termination are conrolled by a counter variable
scientific stream manipulator
manipulator used to display reall numbers in scientific notation
selection structure
one of the three control structures; tells the computer to make decision before sitting the next instruction to process
logical operators
operators used to combine two
Comparison operators
operators used to compare values having the same data type in an expression, <, <=, >, >=, ==, !=
short circuit evaluation
refers to the way the compuer evaluates two subconditions connected by a logical operator
argument
represents information that a funtion needs to preform a task
multiple e=alternative selection structures
selection sturcture that contain several alternatives, can be coded using either the multiple alternative form of the if statement or the switch statements
priming read
the input instruction that appears above the loop that it controls; used to get the first input item from the user
update read
the input instruction that appears within a loop and is associated with the priming read
fixed stream manipulator
the manipulator used to display in fixed point notation
Updating
the process of adding a number to the value stored in a counter or accumulator
initializing
the process of assigning a beginning value to a memory location
Data validation
the process of verifying that a programs input data is within the expected range
loop exit condition
the requirement that must be met for the computer to stop processing the loop body
sentinel values
values that are used to end loops; also called trip values or trailer values
counter
a numeric variable used for counting something
accumulator
a numeric variale used for accumulating something
nested selection structure
a selection structure that is wholly contained within either the true or false path of another selection
switch statements
C++ statement used to code alternative selection structures
pretest loop
a loop whose condition is evaluated before the instructions in its loop body are processed
setprecision stream manipulator
The manipulator used to control the number of decimal places tat appear when a real number is displayed
endless loop
a loop whose instructions are processed indefinitely
for statement
a C++ statement that can be used to code a pretest
break statement
a C++ statement used to tell the computer to exit a switch statement
nested loop
a loop contained entirely within another loop
posttest loop
a loop whose condition is evaluated after the instructions in its loop body are processed
Boolean operators
another term for logical operators
decrementing
decreasing value
incrementing
increasing a value