C13 Section 3: RNA and Gene Expression

Ribosomes are made up of about __ protein molecules (ribosomal proteins) and several large RNA molecules

80

________ is like translating a sentence in one language (RNA, the nucleic acid language) to another language (protein, the amino acid language)

Translation

________ uses the information in RNA to make a specific protein.

Translation

Each codon is matched to 1 of 20 _____ acids or acts a start/stop signal for the translation stage

amino

Each three nucleotide sequence is called a ______

codon

mRNA is _________ to the DNA sequence of a gene. mRNA carries instructions for making a _______ from a gene and delivers them to the site of translation.

complementary, protein

During translation, ____ reads the mRNA sequence. Then tRNA translates the mRNA sequence into protein subunits, aka ______ acids.

tRNA, amino

Like DNA replication, transcription uses DNA as a _______ for making a new molecule.

template

The second stage of gene expression is called ________

translation

How is RNA different from DNA? (3) * RNA is made of _ strand of nucleotides instead of _ *RNA contains the 5C sugar called _____ instead of _________ *The nitrogen base ______ replaces _______

1,2 ribose, deoxyribose uracil (U), thymine

All of the steps in gene expression involve ___

RNA

The first stage of gene expression, which is making ___ from the information in DNA, is called _________

RNA, transcription

________ is like copying (transcribing) notes from the board (DNA) to a notebook (RNA)

Transcription

The final outcome of gene expression is affected by the _______ of the cells, the _______ of other cells, and the ______ of gene expression

environment, presence, timing

The system of matching codons and amino acids is called the _______ ____

genetic code

RNA is essential in taking in the _______ information from DNA and building _______

genetic, proteins

When DNA is transcribed, _____ is the type of RNA produced

mRNA

Gene expression is the __________ of genes into specific traits.

manifestation

What are the types of RNA (3)?

messenger, transfer, ribosomal

RNA is a type of ______ acid

nucleic

Like DNA, RNA is a _____ acid, which means it is made of _______

nucleic, nucleotides

Transcription is carried out by a protein called RNA ________

polymerase

The RNA found in ribosomes is _____. Ribosomes are attached to the _________ ______ (ER).

rRNA, endoplasmic reticulum

Protein production occurs on _________

ribosomes

During ________, the information in a specific region of DNA is copied into mRNA.

transcription

In ________, a new molecule of RNA is made from the DNA

transcription

Gene expression produces proteins by ________ and _________

transcription, translation