C13 Section 3: RNA and Gene Expression
Ribosomes are made up of about __ protein molecules (ribosomal proteins) and several large RNA molecules
80
________ is like translating a sentence in one language (RNA, the nucleic acid language) to another language (protein, the amino acid language)
Translation
________ uses the information in RNA to make a specific protein.
Translation
Each codon is matched to 1 of 20 _____ acids or acts a start/stop signal for the translation stage
amino
Each three nucleotide sequence is called a ______
codon
mRNA is _________ to the DNA sequence of a gene. mRNA carries instructions for making a _______ from a gene and delivers them to the site of translation.
complementary, protein
During translation, ____ reads the mRNA sequence. Then tRNA translates the mRNA sequence into protein subunits, aka ______ acids.
tRNA, amino
Like DNA replication, transcription uses DNA as a _______ for making a new molecule.
template
The second stage of gene expression is called ________
translation
How is RNA different from DNA? (3) * RNA is made of _ strand of nucleotides instead of _ *RNA contains the 5C sugar called _____ instead of _________ *The nitrogen base ______ replaces _______
1,2 ribose, deoxyribose uracil (U), thymine
All of the steps in gene expression involve ___
RNA
The first stage of gene expression, which is making ___ from the information in DNA, is called _________
RNA, transcription
________ is like copying (transcribing) notes from the board (DNA) to a notebook (RNA)
Transcription
The final outcome of gene expression is affected by the _______ of the cells, the _______ of other cells, and the ______ of gene expression
environment, presence, timing
The system of matching codons and amino acids is called the _______ ____
genetic code
RNA is essential in taking in the _______ information from DNA and building _______
genetic, proteins
When DNA is transcribed, _____ is the type of RNA produced
mRNA
Gene expression is the __________ of genes into specific traits.
manifestation
What are the types of RNA (3)?
messenger, transfer, ribosomal
RNA is a type of ______ acid
nucleic
Like DNA, RNA is a _____ acid, which means it is made of _______
nucleic, nucleotides
Transcription is carried out by a protein called RNA ________
polymerase
The RNA found in ribosomes is _____. Ribosomes are attached to the _________ ______ (ER).
rRNA, endoplasmic reticulum
Protein production occurs on _________
ribosomes
During ________, the information in a specific region of DNA is copied into mRNA.
transcription
In ________, a new molecule of RNA is made from the DNA
transcription
Gene expression produces proteins by ________ and _________
transcription, translation