CANCER PrepU | Test 7 | Hinkle Ch. 15

Which occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial space and compresses the heart? A. Cardiac tamponade B. SIADH C. DIC D. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)

A. Cardiac tamponade is an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. SVCS occurs when the superior vena cava is compressed or invaded by a tumor, lymph nodes are enlarged, intraluminal thrombosis obstructs venous circulation, or drainage occurs from the head, neck, arms, and thorax. SIADH is the continuous, uncontrolled release of ADH. DIC is a complex disorder of coagulation or fibrinolysis that results in thrombosis or bleeding.

The clinic nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a tumor. The client says to the nurse "The doctor says my tumor is benign. What does that mean?" What is the nurse's best response? A. "Benign tumors don't usually cause death." B. "Benign tumors grow very rapidly." C. "Benign tumors can spread from one place to another." D. "Benign tumors invade surrounding tissue."

A. "Benign tumors don't usually cause death." Benign tumors remain at their site of development. They may grow large, but their growth rate is slower than that of malignant tumors. They usually do not cause death unless their location impairs the function of a vital organ, such as the brain.

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise? A. Avoid spicy and fatty foods. B. Eat wholesome meals. C. Avoid intake of fluids. D. Eat warm or hot foods

A. Avoid spicy and fatty foods. The nurse advises a client undergoing chemotherapy to avoid hot and very cold liquids and spicy and fatty foods. The nurse also encourages the client to have small meals and appropriate fluid intake.

Which does a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) procedure? A. Drug history B. Blood studies C. Family history D. Allergy history

B. Blood studies

Which of the following would be inconsistent as a common side effect of chemotherapy? A. Alopecia B. Weight gain C. Myelosuppression D. Fatigue

B. Weight gain

Which should a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a bone marrow transplant (BMT) procedure?

Blood Studies

While completing an admission assessment, the client reports a family history of breast cancer among a maternal grandmother, aunt, and sister. The nurse knows that these cancers are most likely associated with what etiology? A. Smoking and tobacco use B. Exposure to chemicals and spermicides C. Increased tumor suppressor genes D. Inherited gene mutation

D. Inherited gene mutation

A nurse is teaching a community class about how to decrease the risk of cancer. Which food should the nurse recommend?

Oranges A diet high in vitamin C and citrus may help reduce the risk of certain cancers, such as stomach and esophageal cancers. Hot dogs and smoked and cured foods are high in nitrates, which may be linked to esophageal and gastric cancers. Steak is a high-fat food that may increase the risk of breast, colon, and prostate cancers.

What are signs of septic shock?

Signs of septic shock include altered mental status, cool and clammy skin, decreased urine output, and hypotension.

A side-effect of chemotherapy is renal damage. To prevent this, the nurse should: A. Withhold medication when the blood urea nitrogen level exceeds 20 mg/dL. B. Encourage fluid intake, if possible, to dilute the urine. C. Limit fluids to 1,000 mL/day to minimize stress on the renal tubules. D. Modify the diet to acidify the urine, thus preventing uric acid crystallization.

B. Encourage fluid intake, if possible, to dilute the urine.

Which is a growth-based classification of tumors? A. Sarcoma B. Malignancy C. Carcinoma D. Leukemia

B. Malignancy Tumors classified on the basis of growth are described as benign or malignant. Tumors that are classified on the basis of the cell or tissue of origin are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias.

A client with a brain tumor is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The client has recently reported swelling in the gums, tongue, and lips. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms? A. Neutropenia B. Stomatitis C. Nadir D. Extravasation

B. Stomatitis

According to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification system, T0 means there is: A. Distant metastasis B. No regional lymph node metastasis C. No distant metastasis D. No evidence of primary tumor

D. No evidence of primary tumor

A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given over an extended period because: A. The first two drugs are toxic to cancer cells, and the third drug promotes cell growth. B. The second and third drugs increase the effectiveness of the first drug. C. The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms. D. The three drugs can be given at lower doses.

D. The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms. Multiple drug regimens are used because the drugs have a synergistic effect. The drugs have different cell-cycle lysis effects, different mechanisms of action, and different toxic adverse effects. They are usually given in combination to enhance therapy. Dosage is not affected by giving the drugs in combination. The second and third drugs do not increase the effectiveness of the first. It is not true that the first two drugs are toxic to cancer cells while the third drug promotes cell growth.