Career Final

A systematic process for occupational decision-making, labeled true reasoning, was developed by: A. Parsons B. Super C. Herr D. Strong

A

Career counselors provide support to clients by all of the following except: A. telling the clients what the solution to their problem is. B. facilitating hope, confidence, and purpose within clients. C. addressing anxiety, confusion or depression related to career concerns. D. helping clients cope with challenges they encounter as they manage their career development.

A

Constructivism is a concept that accepts that people: A. Are active organizers of their own experiences. B. Are passively receiving information about their own experiences. C. Construct meaning through the actions of others. D. Rarely revise their perceptions based on life experience.

A

Gottfredson's perspective indicates that: A. careers that are not deemed gender appropriate are eliminated first B. careers that are not socially prestigious are eliminated first C. only careers that are not gender appropriate are eliminated D. only careers that are not socially prestigious are eliminated

A

Integrating gender into the career development intervention process is important for men because they are often: A. Socialized to value power, competition action, strength, logic, and achievement. B. Subject to oppressive environmental influences in the workplace. C. Focused strongly on family and relationship needs. D. Restricted in levels of competitive and physical behavior.

A

Parsons' tripartite model for vocational direction evolved into the approach to career development interventions known as: A. trait-and-factor. B. developmental stage model. C. cognitive behavioral. D. values-based career decision making.

A

Social cognitive theory is particularly useful in addressing: A. performance attainments and persistence in overcoming obstacles. B. career advancement and persistence in overcoming obstacles. C. career flexibility and persistence in the job search. D. performance related evaluation and persistence in overcoming external constraints.

A

Students of counseling and mental health practitioners often lack enthusiasm for the practice of career counseling because they view it as a process that: A. is very directive and limited to test administration and interpretation. B. has outlived its professional usefulness. C. is limited to providing people with job hunting information only. D. is too broad in scope and too difficult to master.

A

The main organization for professional career counselors is the: A. National Career Development Association. B. National Vocational Guidance Association. C. National Association of Guidance Supervisors and Counselor Trainers. D. American Association for Career Specialists in Group Work.

A

The sources that shape self-efficacy beliefs include all of the following except: A. outcome expectations. B. personal performance accomplishments. C. social persuasion. D. vicarious learning.

A

The term crosswalking refers to: A. Updating databases. B. Linking related databases. C. Accessing databases. D. Exporting databases.

A

Where it is problematic in a school setting to get dedicated time to deliver career planning services, perhaps the best single approach is to: A. infuse them into existing curriculum B. give students take-home self-help materials C. include after-school meetings with students D. schedule evening meetings with students and parents

A

Which of the following actions might career counselors using an SCCT approach take? A. Identify options that may have been foreclosed due to unrealistic or faulty self-efficacy beliefs or outcome expectations. B. Identify perceived barriers that may have led clients to eliminate career possibilities prematurely. C. Modify and counteract faulty beliefs and expectations as well as faulty occupational information. D. All of the above.

A

Which of the following describes a career planning tool, created by the client that they develop and maintain over time? A. E-portfolio. B. Cybercounseling. C. Assessment system. D. CACGS.

A

An important goal of career development interventions in elementary school is to: A. prepare students for college B. counteract environmental factors that pressure students to prematurely commit to a specific job or career path C. teach students how to search for jobs D. develop their resume writing skills

B

Assessment is defined as: A. a standardized test. B. any formal or informal technique used to collect data about a client. C. an informal method of acquiring information. D. an evaluative measure.

B

The Career Maturity Inventory (Crites and Savickas) is an example of an instrument that can be used to measure: A. interests. B. readiness to make career decisions. C. work skills. D. values.

B

The National Career Development Guidelines recommend that middle school students learn all of the following except: A. self-understanding B. family knowledge C. educational and occupational exploration D. career planning

B

The basic skills career counselors need are: A. resume writing and job interviewing. B. the same as for any other counselor. C. the same as those needed by economists. D. psychoanalytic in nature.

B

When planning to administer an assessment instrument to a student/client, it is important to tell the person all of the following except: A. the purpose of giving the assessment. B. the history of the development of the assessment. C. what the items in the instrument are like. D. who will see the results and for what purpose.

B

Whether the scales of a test measure the same constructs across cultures is an indicator of: A. Functional equivalence. B. Metric equivalence. C. Conceptual equivalence. D. Linguistic equivalence.

B

Which of the following is the best example of a perceived barrier? A. A supportive family environment. B. Perceived discrimination. C. Uncertainty about one's career goals. D. Faulty beliefs about potential outcomes.

B

ACT's World-of-Work Map: A. Organizes occupations based on work with three dimensions -- data, people, and things. B. Shows 20 families of jobs. C. Is based on Holland's typology. D. Is an integral part of CHOICES, a computer-based system.

C

According to SCCT, outcome expectations refer to: A. an individual's beliefs about his/her ability to perform successfully at a particular task. B. an individual's personal attributes. C. the consequences a person expects to occur following a particular course of action. D. a person's career interests.

C

According to Savickas, the competencies which will become the main areas of focus for career counselors are: A. job placement and performance. B. job skills and competency. C. critical thinking, self-affirmation, and commitment to community. D. time of working and retirement.

C

All of the following are true of informal assessments except that they: A. have no standard method of interpretation. B. have no standard way to compare one person's scores with those of others. C. have known reliability. D. are usually free of charge.

C

Any of the following could be used to measure interests except: A. The Self-Directed Search. B. The Kuder Career Search. C. WorkKeys. D. Campbell Interest and Skill Survey.

C

By definition, _____________ involves the person's creation of a career pattern, decision making style, integration of life roles, values expression, and life-role self-concepts. A. career education B. the Parsonian approach C. career development D. career counseling

C

Chaos Theory of Careers stresses that that career development is: A. A planned goal-directed process. B. Linear. C. Influenced by unplanned events. D. Predictable.

C

Evaluation of career planning services must be closely tied to: A. budget B. methods of delivery C. measurable objectives D. target population

C

In order to help people make meaning out of their life experiences, career counselors pay attention to the client's: A. abilities. B. obstacles. C. subjective experience. D. interests.

C

In the cognitive information-processing pyramid: A. Decision-making skills and metacognitions form the foundation; knowledge of self and occupations build upon it. B. Knowledge of self and others form the foundation; decision-making skills and cognitions build upon it. C. Knowledge of self and occupations form the foundation; decision-making skills and metacognitions build upon it. D. Knowledge of self and occupations form the foundation; job-hunting and interviewing build upon it.

C

Several websites that are particularly useful for career planning and information have been developed by the: A. Bush administration. B. Department of Education. C. Department of Labor. D. Department of Human Services.

C

Super, Savickas, and Super (1996) identified all of the following as major career development tasks that children should accomplish except: A. become concerned about the future B. develop increased personal control over their lives C. adhere to gender and work roles fitting the dominant culture D. convince themselves to achieve in school and at work

C

Teachers, counselors, and curriculum designers expect middle school students to: A. make a career plan and stick to it for most of their career B. begin to know what careers are and how to write a resume to get the job they want C. learn about themselves and the world of work and then translate this learning into an educational plan for the remainder of their secondary school education D. wait until later to worry about career goals

C

The process of adopting the traits or social patterns of another group is known as: A. Ethnocentrism. B. Cultural pluralism. C. Acculturation. D. Externalization.

C

The stages of racial identity development include all of the following except: A. Conformity. B. Dissonance. C. Introspection. D. Externalization.

C

The theory that focuses on the career development process as it relates to the types of compromises people make in forming their occupational aspirations was presented by A. Krumboltz. B. Holland. C. Gottfredson.

C

The website called O*Net is a replacement for the former Department of Labor publication: A. The Occupational Outlook Handbook. B. The Guide to Occupational Exploration. C. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles. D. The Classification of Instructional Programs.

C

A career style assessment model used as a strategy to help clients identify subjective themes that guide their career development has been developed by: A. Carlsen. B. Super. C. Neimeyer. D. Savickas.

D

A raw score indicates: A. how some characteristic of one individual compares with that of others. B. whether a person's scores are in the top quartile. C. how many standard deviations a score is from the middle of the distribution. D. the total number of responses related to some category.

D

According to Gottfredson, the ____ represents a person's conclusions as to their fit in society. A. occupational choice. B. compromise. C. self-creation. D. social space.

D

According to Krumboltz, career concerns are least likely to arise from: A. the absence of a goal (career indecision). B. expressed feelings of concern about high aspirations (unrealism). C. conflict between equally appropriate alternatives (multipotentiality). D. a presence of too many goals (indecisiveness).

D

According to Pope and Barret (2002), counselors can best work with gay and lesbian clients by: A. Examining their own subtle or unconscious biases. B. Helping clients effectively cope with coming out. C. Attend workshops and additional training to work with sexual minorities. D. All of the above.

D

All of the following are reasons to administer assessment except so that the: A. counselor can learn more about the needs of the client. B. counselor can determine the progress of an individual or group. C. client can learn more about himself or herself. D. counselor can prescribe the best course of action for the client.

D

Career choice readiness is important to adolescent career development because it is a necessary precursor to effective: A. retirement planning B. use of ability and interest assessment C. salary negotiations D. identity development

D

Goals in career counseling have all of the following attributes except: A. specific. B. observable. C. time specific. D. global.

D

Holland's typology is very useful in career guidance programs because: A. Occupations can be organized by the six types. B. Individuals can find out their personal types by taking assessments. C. Majors and programs of study can be organized by the six types. D. All of the above are true.

D

If, on the Kuder Career Search interest inventory, for example, a person has a score at the 88th percentile on the scale called Outdoor, it means that: A. the person got 88% of the items right. B. 10% of those in a norm group scored higher on Outdoor than this person. C. the person has low interest in Outdoor activities. D. the person's interest in Outdoor activities is higher than 88% of those in a norm group.

D

Measurable objectives are used to: A. indicate how the services should be delivered B. indicate how the services should be promoted C. determine the resources needed D. clearly define the desired outcomes

D

The goal of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling is to: A. find a job for a person. B. identify areas of one's life that have affected the success or failure on a previous job and not make the same mistake again. C. seek support and possibly refer an individual to a more skilled professional or an employment agency. D. identify the degree of fit between the person and the occupation.

D

The most comprehensive Department of Labor website for occupational information is called: A. Monster Board. B. America's Talent Bank C. America's Job Bank. D. CareerinfoNet

D

The tasks of the ILP model include all of the following except: A. Finding work that needs doing in changing global contexts. B. Weaving our lives into a meaningful whole. C. Connecting family and work. D. Making the most money with the least effort.

D

The three parts of Super's segmental theory are life span, life space, and A. life time. B. life concept. C. life skills. D. self-concept.

D

The three post-modern approaches include all of the following elements except: A. Narrative. B. Contextual. C. Constructivist. D. Subtextual.

D

When selecting a computer-based system, counselors and their administrators should consider the: A. Theoretical base, if any, of the system. B. Quality and comprehensiveness of the databases. C. Presence of online inventories. D. All of the above.

D

Which of the following have "right and wrong answers"? A. assessments B. informal activities C. measures D. tests

D

Which of the following was the first to shift the focus of career development interventions to that of an ongoing process? A. Frank Parsons B. Carl Rogers C. Mark Savickas D. Donald Super

D