CCMA Practice
A medical assistant should identify which of the following as a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
a excessive exercising
pediculosis
Causes: Parasitic lice infestation Symptoms: Skin itching, Nits (eggs) in hair, particularly near roots Treatments: Prescription or OTC lice treatments/shampoos
Distal
Farther away from the trunk
Deep
Farther from the body's surface
A medical assistant must invert anticoagulant tubes to prevent which of the following? a hemolysis b clotting c hemoconcentration d reflux
b clotting
A clinic schedules all cardiac patients on Mondays and Wednesdays and all oncology patients on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Which of the following types of scheduling is the clinic using? a stream scheduling b cluster scheduling c wave scheduling d modified-wave scheduling
b cluster scheduling
When choosing a diagnosis code, a medical assistant should consider which of the following actions in order to avoid an insurance denial?
b coding to the highest level of specificity
Which of the following items included on the CMS-1500 claim form should a medical assistant recognize as indicating the medical necessity of a procedure?
b diagnosis code
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis
Epidural
epidural space (spine)
sildenafil
erectile dysfunction agent
Head circumference
children 3 years and younger; as part of a complete physical exam or if growth concerns are present
diuretics
eliminate excess fluid
Thyroid gland
endocrine system, T3 and T4, Calcitonin, cellular metabolism, increases bone calcium
adrenal glands
endocrine system, aldosterone, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, regulates electrolytes and fluid volume, regulates carbohydrates, fight-or-flight response, vasoconstrictor
pituitary gland, posterior
endocrine system, antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk
hypothalamus
endocrine system, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, stimulates reabsorption of water in kidneys, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk
pineal gland
endocrine system, melatonin, regulates onset of puberty, biological clock
parathyroid gland
endocrine system, parathyroid hormone, regulates calcium
Ovaries
endocrine system, reproductive system, ova, estrogen, progesterone, development of secondary sex characteristics in females, regulates menses, prepares the body for pregnancy, pair of oval-shaped organs located within the pelvic cavity.
testes
endocrine system, reproductive system, testosterone, sperm production, secondary sex characteristics in males located below the pelvic cavity on the outside of the body, within the scrotum
anterior
front
Campylobacter jejuni
food poisoning; contaminated food and fluids
Eye and ear injruies
foreign bodies are the most common cause, trauma is another cause, characterized by pain, decrease or sensitivity in hearing or vision; prevent further trauma by limiting contact, cover the eye or ear to decrease sensitivity, administer eye and ear irrigations based on provider direction
Lateral
further away from the midline of the body
Clostridium perfringens
gas gangrene; contact (wounds)
liver
gastrointestinal system, a large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, produces bile needed to break down fats
large intestine
gastrointestinal system, also called the colon, absorption is completed here and the feces is formed from solid waste products. divided into cecum (connects to ileum; where the appendix is located), ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon sections
pancreas
gastrointestinal system, endocrine system, posterior to the stomach, and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion, glucagon, insulin, increases blood sugar, decreases blood sugar
stomach
gastrointestinal system, located below the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. Receives food from esophagus and continues breakdown using gastric juices
Gallbladder
gastrointestinal system, located inferior to the liver. Stores bile and connects to duodenum
esophagus
gastrointestinal system, muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. Uses wave-like contractions called peristalsis to propel food into the stomach
pharynx
gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, throat or the passageway for food between the oral cavity and the esophagus, during respiration, air enters through the nose and mouth into the organ.
iron
formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells for oxygen transport, contributor to enzymes and protein
mouth (oral cavity)
gastrointestinal system, responsible for initiating digestion, both mechanical (chewing) and chemical (saliva)
small intestine
gastrointestinal system, takes up most of the space within the abdominal cavity. Primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients. Divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum sections
rectum
gastrointestinal system, the end of the colon that stores feces until defecation
anus
gastrointestinal system, the end of the rectum, opens to the outside of the body to allow for elimination of feces
tendon
muscular system, ends of skeletal muscles that attach the muscle to the bone
Sims'
lateral with one knee and thigh up
sinistro
left
Trendelenburg/modified Trendelenburg
legs elevated above the head to force circulation to vital organs; shock, requires a specific table
Mycobacterium leprae
leprosy; airborne, droplet
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
less potential to raise cholesterol levels, they are less dense and heavy
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Dietary Modifications
low fat not spicy no coffee, mints, or chocolate
Malabsorption Syndromes Dietary Modifications
low fiber supplements low fat small meals frequently
hyponatremia
low sodium in the blood
antihypertensives
lower blood pressure
antilipemics
lower cholesterol
recumbent
lying down
Prone position
lying flat on the abdomen with the arms above the head; exams involving the back of the body including the bottoms of the feet
Supine Position
lying flat on the back with the arms down to the side; exams involving the front of the body; administration of CPR
Dorsal recumbent position
lying flat on the back with the knees bent; catheterizations, genital examination of younger children, adolescents
Lithotomy Position
lying flat on the table with buttocks at the end of the table and feet resting in stirrups; female pelvic exams
prone
lying on the abdomen
supine
lying on the back
dorsal recumbent
lying on the back with knees up and feet flat on the table
Jack-knife position
lying over an exam table that is lifted in the middle; rectal exams or instrumentation (flexible sigmoidoscopy)
Trendelenburg
lying with the head lower than the legs
Folate
maintenance of red blood cells, genetic material development
intravenous (IV)
major veins, most often in the arms and hands, or via central venous access devices
Plasmodium parasites
malaria; vector (mosquito)
BMI Formula
mass/height^2 = kg/m^2
measles
measles; airborne, droplet
mortality
measures the amount of deaths in an area or population
morbidity
measures the sickness or disease within a specific population or area
Group B streptococcus
meningitis; droplet
Listeria monocytogenes
meningitis; droplet
Neisseria meningitidis
meningitis; droplet
cardiac muscle
muscular system, found only in the heart, cross-fibered to allow the heart to contract from the top and bottom in order to pump blood
smooth muscle
muscular system, found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and in the iris of the eye, also called involuntary muscle
skeletal muscle
muscular system, responsible for body movement, and is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle
bronchospasm
narrowing or constriction of the airways that interferes with breathing
brain
nervous system, coordinates most body activities, and is the control center for the body as well as thought, emotion, and judgement. Divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
nucleus
nervous system, directs cellular activities
neuron
nervous system, functional unit of the nervous system
dendrites
nervous system, has multiple branching structures
peripheral nerves
nervous system, includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves branching off from the spinal cord. carries nerve signals between the body and the brain.
cytoplasm
nervous system, produces neurotransmitters and energy for the neuron
spinal cord
nervous system, provides a pathway for nerve impulses traveling to and from the brain, and extends from the base of the brain to the lumbar vertebrae through he vertebral column
axon
nervous system, stores neurotransmitters
antacids/anti-ulcer
neutralize stomach acid
bandages
non-sterile, cover dressings
What term describes the usual environment of micro-organisms in the human body?
normal-flora
pulse oximetry
patients who have chronic lung disease or respiratory symptoms; as needed based on symptoms and condition
Pediculus humanus capitis
pediculosis (head lice); contact with infested hair
Phthirus pubis
pubic lice ("crabs"); contact with infested pubic hair
hepatologists
specialize in the study of body parts such as the liver, biliary tree, gallbladder, and pancreas
Radiologists
specialize in the use of x-rays, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to detect abnormalities throughout the body.
Spirillium bacteria
spiral shaped
urethra
urinary system, tube responsible for carrying urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body, Longer in males due to pelvic shape and position of the prostate
human immunodeficiency
AIDS; bloodborne, sexual
Preschool (3 to 5 years) average heart rate
80 to 120/min
Toddler (1 to 3 years) average heart rate
80 to 130/min
Infant (1 - 12 months) average heart rate
80 to 140/min
Calcium channel blocker
A medication that prevents the entry of calcium ions into the cells of the body, which can lower blood pressure and treat cardiac pain and dysfunction
tincture
A medicinal preparation in an alcohol base, sometimes for oral and sometimes for topical use
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
"hot tub rash"; contaminated water
A medical assistant is determining the amount a patient will be required to pay for a scheduled procedure that has an allowable amount of $200. The patient has a 90/10 coinsurance and has met his deductible. Which is the total amount the patient will pay the provider for this procedure? a $20 b $30 c $40 d $50
$20
Body Surface Area dosing
( BSA of child in m^2 / 1.7 m^2 ) x adult dose = child dose
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
15 drops (gtt)
1 mL
A 25-year-old male patient should limit oil to how many teaspoons per day?
7 tsp
School-age (6 to 15 years) average heart rate
70 to 100/min
1 kilometer
1,000 meter
deltoid muscle injection
1-2 inches below the acromion, 90 degree angle
How many calories per gram of fiber?
1.5-2.5 calories
1 miligram
1/1,000 gram
1 microgram
1/1,000,000 gram
1 centimeter
1/100 meter
In the MyPlate fruit group, how much dried fruit counts as 1 cup?
1/2 cup
respiratory rate in adults
12 to 20/min
Newborn (birth to 1 month) average heart rate
120 to 160/min
stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89 mmHg
1 tablespoon
15 mL
Normal BMI
18.5 to 24.9
hypochlorite solution
1:10 dilution of household bleach to water, disinfectant for room cleaning
Recommended amount of daily water intake
2-3 L, 64-96 oz
1 kilogram
2.2 pounds
How many cups of vegetables should a 45-year-old female patient consume each day?
2.5 cups
intramuscular needle
20 to 23 gauge; 1 to 3 inches (depending on muscle and patient size)
1 cup
240 mL
subcutaneous needle
25 to 26 gauge; 1/2 inch, 5/8 inch
Intradermal needle
27 to 28 gauge; 3/8 inch
1 gallon
3,830 mL
1 oz
30 mL
respiratory rate in newborns
30 to 50/min
How many calories per gram of carbohydrate
4 calories
How many calories per gram of protein?
4 calories
subcutaneous injection
45 degree angle
1 pint
480 mL
1 teaspoon
5 mL
How many ounce equivalents of protein should a 70-year-old female patient consume each day?
5 oz
Recommended amount of daily protein
5-6 oz
Adult (older than 15 years) average heart rate
60-100/min
infants and children average bp
60/30 to 100/80 mm Hg
How many calories per gram of fat?
9 calories
normal pulse oximetry
95% or higher
1 quart
960 mL
normal axillary temperature
97.6 F (36.4 C)
normal oral, tympanic and temporal temp
98.6°F (37°C)
Normal rectal temperature
99.6 F (37.6 C)`
Which of the following is the largest and uppermost section of the brain?
A cerebrum
pathogen
A disease causing agent
A medical assistant is preparing a patient who has anemia for an examination by the provider. Which of the following manifestations should the assistant expect to find?
A irregular heartbeat
general practitioner (GP)
A medical doctor who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education to patients.
antiplatelet
A medication that helps delay blood clotting. This medication differs from an anticoagulant because it affects arterial as well as venous blood.
suppository
A small, solid, cylinder-shaped medication for insertion into the rectum or vagina; solid at room temperature, dissolves at body temperature
proton-pump inhibitor
A specific type of medication that reduces stomach acid
what type of cell in the human body has flagellum
A sperm cell has a flagellum, a tail-like appendage that helps it swim toward egg cells
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
A, D, E, K
5th Stage of Grief
Acceptance
peripheral edema
Accumulation of fluid causing swelling in tissues, usually in the lower extremities
EKG
Adults (uncommon for children in ambulatory care); as part of a complete physical in middle-aged adults or if experiencing chest pains
what term describes bacteria that can live without air?
Anaerobic bacteria do not need air to grow
2nd Stage of Grief
Anger
epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
Cause: overuse of elbow causing tiny ligament tears Symptoms: swelling, tenderness, grip weakness diagnosis: physical exam, X-ray, MRI treatment: rest, ice, NSAIDs, forearm strap, extended break from aggravating activity
pyelonephritis
Causes: Bladder infection that spreads to kidneys Symptoms: Fatigue, Fever, Painful urination, Cloudy or bloody urine Treatments: Antibiotics
lymphedema
Causes: Parasitic infection, Trauma, Surgical removal of lymph nodes symptoms: Persistent tissue swelling Treatments: Compression stockings, Lymphedema pump, Surgery
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
Cause: plant and twist motion of the foot and knee Symptoms: pain, swelling, knee buckling diagnosis: physical exam, radiographic confirmation (typically MRI) Treatment: RICE, surgical repair, allograft, physical therapy
Tuberculosis (TB)
Causes: Bacterial Symptoms: Chronic cough, Weight loss, Fatigue, Night sweats, Painful or difficult breathing Treatments: Isolation if symptomatic, Medication therapy for 6 to 12 months
3rd Stage fo Grief
Bargaining
Donepezil
Anti-Alzheimers
Esomeprazole
Anti-ulcer agent, proton-pump inhibitor
Fluticasone/salmeterol
Antiasthma, glucocorticoid, bronchodilator
Amoxicillin
Antibiotic
Azithromycin
Antibiotic
Cephalexin
Antibiotic
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulant
Duloxetine
Antidepressant
Escitalopram
Antidepressant
Amlodipine Besylate
Antihypertensive-Calcium Channel Blocker
Fenofibrate
Antilipemic
Clopidogrel
Antiplatelet Agent
Aripiprazole
Antipsychotic
intra-arterial
Arteries (to break up clots)
The medical assistant drops an instrument on the floor while setting up a sterile tray for a procedure. He picks up the instrument and places it back on the sterile field. A few days after the procedure, the patient calls the office, concerned that the area surrounding the procedure site is infected. Which of the following torts has the assistant committed?
B negligence
Water-Soluble Vitamins
B, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, C
Joint dislocation (subluxations)
Cause: impact injury removing bones from proper joint alignment symptoms: pain, loss of sensation, immobility diagnosis: physical exam, x-ray, MRI, CT treatment: realignment of bones, immobilization, physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles, surgery for repeated incidences
Calcium
Bone and tooth development, nerve and muscle function, normal blood clotting
Seizures
Causes: Birth trauma, Infections, Brain injury, Head trauma, Drug withdrawal Symptoms: Uncontrolled muscle contractions, Loss of consciousness, Visual disturbances Treatments: Medication, Brain surgery
Albuterol
Bronchodilator
A medical assistant is performing a fecal occult blood test using a guaiac card. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
C interpret a blue color as a positive result
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Magnesium
Carbohydrate and protein metabolism, muscle contraction and structure
Vitamin B (Thiamine)
Carbohydrate metabolism, heart, nerve and muscle function
Korotkoff sounds phase II
a swishing sound as more blood flows through the artery
pulmonary embolism
Causes: Blood clot blocking an artery in the lung Symptoms: Dyspnea, Chest pain, Cough, Fainting, Rapid onset of shortness of breath, Diaphoresis Treatments: Circulation support (compression hose), Rest, Anticoagulant medication, Surgically implanted filter
coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis)
Causes: Buildup of fat and cholesterol in arteries, Risk factors: high-fat diet, high LDL levels, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle Symptoms: Usually no symptoms prior to heart attack Treatments: Lipid-lowering medications, Low-fat diet, Exercise, Smoking cessation, Coronary artery bypass grafting in severe cases
acute kidney failure
Causes: Burns, Dehydration, Hemorrhage, Low blood pressure, Trauma Symptoms: Little to no urine production, Swelling in extremities, Mental confusion, Coma, Seizures, Nose bleeds Treatments: Increase dietary protein, Fluid and potassium intake regulation, Dialysis
Pulmonary edema
Causes: Congestive heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Heart valve disorder, Drowning, Injury Symptoms: Orthopnea, Dyspnea, Wheeze, Productive cough, Weight gain, Pallor Treatments: Oxygen therapy, Diuretics
ringworm
Causes: Contact with causative fungus Symptoms: Flat, circular lesions (dry/scaly or moist/crusty) Treatments: Topical and oral antifungal medication
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Causes: Coronary artery blockage, Atherosclerosis, Blood clot Symptoms: Squeezing chest pain that can radiate to shoulder/arm/neck/jaw, Shortness of breath, Diaphoresis, Dizziness, Nausea Treatments: Aspirin, CPR if unconscious, Defibrillation, Anticoagulant medication, Immediate emergency protocol
angina
Causes: Coronary artery narrowing, Atherosclerosis Symptoms: Pain/tightness in chest Treatments: Sublingual nitroglycerin, Treatment of underlying condition
chronic kidney disease
Causes: Diabetes, Hypertension, Kidney stones, Polycystic kidney disease Symptoms: Headache, Seizures, Confusion, Fatigue, Anemia, Abnormal heart or lung sounds Treatments: Antibiotics, Blood transfusion, Control of blood pressure, Dialysis, Kidney transplant
Mononucleosis
Causes: Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus Symptoms: extreme fatigue, sore throat, fever Treatment: supportive care
Hydrocele
Causes: Failure of inguinal ring to close properly in development, Injury or swelling of the scrotum Conditions: Few symptoms, Pain, Increased size of scrotum Treatments: Surgery if symptomatic
celiac disease
Causes: Genetic defect, Lack of enzyme that breaks down gluten, Consumption of gluten triggers autoimmune reaction symptoms: Weight loss, Bloating, Loose stools, Eventual systemic organ wasting due to lack of nutrients, Malabsorption Treatment: Gluten-free diet
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Causes: HIV virus Symptoms: Low T-cell counts, Fever, Diaphoresis, Susceptibility to frequent infection, Weight loss Treatments: Antiretroviral medication to slow progression, Treatment of secondary infections with antibiotics, No cure
muscular dystrophy
Causes: Hereditary symptoms: Muscle weakness leading to eventual paralysis of muscle groups Treatments: Physical therapy, Bracing, Ambulatory devices, Medications
osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
Causes: Hereditary Symptoms: Dental issues, fractures at birth, loose joints, muscle weakness, respiratory issues, blue sclera of the eye, triangle-shaped face, small stature, spinal curvature Treatment: Fracture repair, surgery with metal rodding, physical therapy, bracing
migraine headache
Causes: Hormones, stress, dietary, familial Symptoms: Dull to throbbing head pain, sensitivity to light, sound, nausea, vomiting, visual aura Treatment: Medications, alternative methods (acupuncture, biofeedback, magnesium)
Constipation (difficulty eliminating feces)
Causes: Inactivity, Lack of fiber and water in diet, Medications Symptoms: Bloating, Abdominal pain, Hard feces Treatments: Increased dietary fiber and water, Physical activity
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Causes: Increased age, Increased level of dihydrotestosterone Symptoms: Feeling of full bladder after urinating, Weak urine flow, Needing to urinate often Treatments: Alpha blockers, Minimally invasive surgical procedures, Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Crohn's disease
Causes: Inflammatory bowel disease, Autoimmune Symptoms: Fever, Joint pain, Tender gums, Abnormal abdominal sounds, Constipation or diarrhea, Intestinal bleeding Treatments: Dietary changes, Antibiotics, Surgery
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Causes: Insoluble cholesterol and bile salt Symptoms: Can be asymptomatic, Radiating right upper quadrant pain, Fever, Nausea, vomiting Treatments: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Lithotripsy
legionnaires' disease
Causes: Legionella bacteria that grow in standing water symptoms: Dyspnea, Cough, Headache, Fever Treatments: Antibiotics, Respiratory medications, Oxygen, Fever medication (antipyretic)
squamous cell carcinoma
Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure, Less common than BCC Symptoms: Spreads to surrounding tissue, Most common on face and head Treatments: Curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, Cryosurgery, Laser therapy
systemic lupus erythematosus
Causes: Medications, Bacterial infections, Autoimmune symptoms: Fatigue, Body pain, Butterfly rash on face, Headaches, Nausea, Hair loss, Weight loss, Anemia, Shortness of breath Treatments: NSAIDs (steroids, topical creams)
dermatitis
Causes: Multiple causative agents, Contact with irritants Symptoms: Inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus Treatments: Treatment is based on cause, Corticosteroid creams, Oral steroids
incontinence
Causes: Nervous system disorders, Urinary tract infection (UTI), Bladder cancer, Prostate disorders Symptoms: Involuntary urination Treatments: Medication, Surgical removal of the prostate, Kegel exercises, Surgery
muscle of strain
Causes: Overexertion of a muscle not properly warmed up for activity level Symptoms: Pain, Swelling, "Tight" feeling Diagnosis: Physical exam, MRI Treatments: RICE, Avoiding physical strain to the area
cervical cancer
Causes: Particular strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) Symptoms: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Lower abdominal or pelvic pain, Abnormal vaginal discharge, Pain during sexual intercourse Treatments: Surgical intervention (partial or complete hysterectomy, removal of lymph nodes in affected regions), Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy
thrombophlebitis
Causes: Prolonged periods of inactivity, Hormone replacement therapy, Cancer, Paralysis, Thrombophlebitis Symptoms: Pain in affected area, Redness, Swelling Treatments: Heat, Compression stockings, Anticoagulant medication, Surgery
influenza
Causes: Respiratory virus Symptoms: Fever, Muscle pain, Fatigue, Sore throat, Rhinorrhea Treatments: Symptomatic, OTC analgesics for aches and fever, Antiviral medication
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Causes: Smoking, Obesity, Sedentary lifestyle, High-cholesterol diet, Hypertension Symptoms: Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Peripheral edema in legs, Irregular heartbeat Treatments: Medications to address tachycardia, Diuretic medication to treat edema, Antihypertensive medications
tetanus
Causes: Toxin produced by Clostridium tetani Symptoms: Muscle spasm in jaw and neck, Dyspnea, Fever, Irritability, Sweating and drooling Treatments: Antitoxin and antibiotic medications
endometriosis
Causes: Unknown Symptoms: Most have no symptoms, Pelvic pain, especially during menses, Painful urination and defecation, Infertility issues Treatments: NSAIDs, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, Oral contraceptives, Progestins, Surgical intervention
Bell's palsy
Causes: Unknown cause Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis of facial muscles, Facial numbness and drooping, Headache Treatments: NSAIDs, Pain relievers, Usually self-resolving
prostate cancer
Causes: Unknown, Genetics Symptoms: Pain, Erectile dysfunction, Dysuria Treatments: Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Surgery, Cryosurgery, Chemotherapy
sexually transmitted infections
Causes: Unprotected contact with infected tissue or fluids Symptoms: Varies depending on infection/disease, Pelvic or penile pain, Sores, Itching or discharge, Dysuriam, Body rash, Infertility Treatments: Varies depending on infection/disease, Medication, Cryosurgery, Immunizations
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Causes: Untreated STDs/STIs, Multiple sexual partners, Frequent douching Symptoms: Lower abdominal pain, Back pain, Fever, Rapid pulse, Vaginal discharge, Pain during sexual intercourse Treatments: Antibiotic treatment, Surgical intervention to treat scarring
Mitral valve prolapse
Causes: Usually unknown, Hereditary or related to nervous system disorders Symptoms: Mild cases usually have no symptoms, Severe cases can have shortness of breath and palpitations Treatments: None for mild cases, Medication to treat symptoms, Surgery to repair
Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine)
Causes: Viral or bacterial infection Symptoms: Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating Treatments: Treatment of underlying cause, Surgery
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Causes: Viral, Genetic, Immune system dysfunction Symptoms: Loss of ability to speak, walk, Double vision, Loss of balance, Weakness in arms/legs Treatments: Supportive, Medications to slow progression, No cure
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Causes: Viral. Symptoms: Fever, Headache, Dry cough. Treatment: Rest and Antiviral medication
stomach ulcer
Causes: bacterial infection, smoking, medication Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain Treatment: antibiotics, antacid medication, surgery
polycystic kidney disease
Causes: enlarged kidneys due to cysts, inherited Symptoms: hypertension, fatigue, anemia, heart murmurs Treatment: medication, draining of cysts, surgical removal of kidney
Renal calculi
Causes: highly concentrated urine, UTI, gout Symptoms: severe back or abdominal pain, fever, nausea, urgency Treatment: medication, surgery, lithotripsy
appendicitis
Causes: idiopathic inflammation of the appendix Symptoms: RLQ pain, loss of appetite, nausea Treatment: antibiotics, appendectomy
rotator cuff tear
Causes: repetitive stress of the shoulder joint Symptoms: pain, weakness, inability to raise arm over head Diagnosis: physical exam, x-ray, MRI Treatment: rest, NSAIDs, cortisone injection to shoulder joint, surgery
visual acuity (Snellen chart)
Children (adults vary); As part of a complete physical exam and some adult screening tests for work-related hire
Proximal
Closer to the trunk of the body
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcosis; contact with poultry droppings
hematologists
Deal with blood and blood-producing organs. They often work with patients who have anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma.
1st Stage of Grief
Denial
4th Stage of Grief
Depression
Allergists
Evaluate disorders and diseases of the immune system. This includes adverse reactions to medications and food, anaphylaxis, problems related to autoimmune disease, and asthma.
Phosphorus
Formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, energy production
rubella
German measles; airborne, droplet
pituitary gland, anterior
Growth hormone, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, and Prolactin, stimulates body growth, stimulates skin pigment, regulates adrenal cortex, regulates thyroid gland, stimulates growth of ova and sperm, stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)
What intervention breaks the chain of infection at its first link?
Hand hygiene
Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasmosis; airborne
injectable liquids
IV, IM, subcut, ID
powders for reconstitution
IV, IM, subcut, ID
Skin
Integumentary system, responsible for protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, and vitamin D production
Sims' (lateral) Position
Laying on left side with the left leg slightly flexed and the right leg flexed at a 90° angle. Can involve a pillow placed between the knees Exams involving the rectum, enemas
Legionella pneumophila
Legionnaire's disease; water aerosol
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease; vector (tick)
anesthesiologist
Manage pain or use sedation during surgical procedures.
Knee-Chest Position
Prone and bent at the waist resting on the knees with the arms above the head Gynecological or rectal exams, treatments of spinal adjustments
Potassium
Muscle contraction, fluid balance, nerve, muscle, and heart function
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Night vision, cell growth and maintenance, health of skin and mucous membranes
Vitamin K
Normal blood clotting, bone growth
family practitioner
Offer care to the whole family, from newborns to older adults.
ribosome
an organelle that contributes to protein synthesis
A medical assistant determines a patient's BMI to be 26.3. Is this patient underweight, of healthy weight, overweight, or obese?
Overweight
Capitation (partial or full)
Patients are assigned a per-member, per-month payment based on their age, race, sex, lifestyle, medical history, and benefit design. Payment rates are tied to expected usage regardless of how often the patient visits. Under partial models, only specific types or categories of services are paid on a basis of the plan
intrapleural
Pleural space (lungs)
Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pneumocystis carinii
Pneumocystis pneumonia; airborne
mitochondrion
an organelle that gives the cells energy
Saturated Fats
Primarily from meat products, solid at room temperature, can also raise LDL
Identify vs. Role Confusion
Psychosocial crisis for adolescents (12 to 20 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust
Psychosocial crisis for infants (birth to 18 months)
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Psychosocial crisis for middle adults (35 to 65 years)
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Psychosocial crisis for older adults (65 years and older)
Initiative vs. Guilt
Psychosocial crisis for preschoolers (3 to 6 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority
Psychosocial crisis for school-age children (7 to 12 years)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Psychosocial crisis for toddlers (2 to 3 years)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Psychosocial crisis for young adults (20 to 35 years)
Pantothenic Acid
Release of energy from carbohydrates and fats
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; vector (tick)
anthropometric measurements
Screening tests that include height and weight (as well as head circumference in infants)
Semi-Fowler's Position
Seated leaning against the back of a table that has been raised to a 45° angle Exams involving the chest Exams that should be administered in a supine position but the patient is unable to lay flat Exams for patients experiencing shortness of breath
lysosome
an organelle whose function within the cell is digestion
What major mineral is responsible for fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, and muscle and nerve function?
Sodium
cardiologist
Specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels.
endocrinologist
Specialize in hormonal and glandular conditions. They often work with patients who have diabetes mellitus.
nephrologists
Specialize in kidney care and treating diseases of the kidneys.
gastroenterologist
Specialize in managing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: the stomach, intestines, esophagus, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum.
Otolaryngologists
Specialize in the ear, nose, and throat.
Oncologists
Specialize in the treatment and care of patients who have cancer
intrathecal
Subarachnoid space (brain)
In addition to weight gain, too much carbohydrate in the diet can lead to what complication?
Sugary treats can cause dental caries, or tooth decay
incidence
The rate of new (or newly diagnosed) cases of a disease or injury
artificially acquired active immunity
The result of administering a vaccination Antibodies are activated by the vaccine and develop memory to recognize the pathogen in the future
RICE
The treatment for many musculoskeletal system injuries (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
Accountable Care Organization (ACO)
These groups of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers come together voluntarily to provide coordinated high-quality care to their Medicare patients
global budget
This is a fixed total dollar amount paid annually for all care. However, participating providers can determine how money is spent. This type of coverage limits the level and the rate of increase of health care cost. They typically include a quality component as well.
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
This plan contracts with a medical center or group of providers to provide preventative and acute care for the insured person. These plans generally require referrals to specialists, as well as recertification and preauthorization for hospital admissions, outpatient procedures, and treatments
pay for performance
This reimbursement model compensates providers only if they meet certain measures for quality and efficiency. Generating quality benchmark measures connects provider reimbursement directly to the quality of care they provide.
Major Nutrients
Water, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Fiber, Vitamins, Minerals
When measuring a patient's respiratory rate, which of the following actions should a medical assistant take to ensure an accurate reading?
a count the respirations while the patient thinks his pulse is being obtained
A medical assistant is preparing to create a report about patients who have a family history of breast cancer. Which of the following types of software will allow the assistant to sort, retrieve, and combine information for this report? a database management b accounting and billing c appointment scheduling d word processor
a database managment
gynecologists
specialize in the female reproductive system and fertility disorders
A patient tells a medical assistant that his provider's office is incompetent, as there is no improvement in his condition. Which of the following is an appropriate response for the assistant to make?
a "I think that you feel your treatment is not effective"
Which of the following instructions should a medical assistant give to a patient when administering an enteric-coated tablet?
a "Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water"
A medication container states there is 250 mg of medication in each scored tablet. The provider orders 375 mg. How many tablets should the medical assistant give the patient a 1.5 tablets b 1 tablet c 2 tablets d 0.5 tablets
a 1.5 tablets
A medical assistant is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection for a patient. Which of the following needle sizes should the assistant choose?
a 1/2 - to 5/8 - inch needle, 25 gauge
A medical assistant should insert the needle at which of the following angles during a venipuncture?
a 15 degree angle
A medical assistant is caring for a patient who weighs 72 kg. What is the patient's weight in lb? a 158.4 lb b 32.7 lb c 115.2 lb d 45.1 lb
a 158.4 lb
A medical assistant is caring for a patient who is 5'7" tall. Which of the following is the patient's hight in centimeters a 170 cm b 145 cm c 114 cm d 26 cm
a 170 cm
When performing the palpatory method for obtaining blood pressure, which of the following indicated the level at which the medical assistant should inflate the cuff?
a 30 mm Hg above the radial pulse cessation
A medical assistant is caring for a 4-month-old infant who has a temperature of 100.4° F. Which of the following is the temperature when converted to Celsius? a 38° C b 36.5° C c 37.5° C d 34.2° C
a 38° C
A medical assistant is cleaning countertops and the other surfaces after a surgical procedure in a provider's office. Which of the following disinfectants should the assistant use for this purpose?
a A 1:10 bleach and water solution
In which of the following scenarios should a medical assistant choose a CPT modifier?
a For special circumstances applied to a procedure performed by the provider
A medical assistant is caring for a patient who has active tuberculosis. Which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used during the patient's care?
a N95 respirator
A medical assistant notices that the medical office is not providing personal protective equipment (PPE) for staff. Which of the following regulatory agencies should the assistant contact? a OSHA b CLIA c The Joint Commission d Department of Health and Human Services
a OSHA
Which of the following tests is granted waived status under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)?
a Rapid Strep test
A medical assistant is assisting a provider with the repair of a laceration on a patient's head. The provider's prescription for the procedure includes an injection of 10 mL of lidocaine with epinephrine. The assistant should recognize that which of the following is the purpose of the epinephrine in the local anesthetic? a To reduce bleeding at the site b To reduce the patient's blood pressure c To prevent an allergic reaction to the lidocaine d To decrease the likelihood of infection
a To reduce bleeding at the site
A medical assistant is caring for a child who has varicella zoster virus. The assistant should recognize that varicella is transferred through which of the following modes of transmission? a airborne b bloodborne c vector-borne d foodborne
a airborne
homeostasis
a balanced, stable state within the body
Which of the following is a medical assistant's role in pulmonary function testing (PFT)?
a coach the patient through the test
Spinal cavity
a continuation of the cranial cavity as it travels down the midline of the back
Which of the following techniques should a medical assistant use for the routine cleaning of EKG cables?
a disinfection
a patient who has vulvovaginal candidiasis asks a medical assistant for more information about her infection. The assistant should begin by explaining that candidiasis is which of the following types of infections? a fungal b bacterial c protozoan d helminthic
a fungal
A medical assistant is assisting with the physical examination of a patient who has scabies. Besides gloves, which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment should the assistant wear?
a gown
A medical assistant is reviewing a patient's recent medical history and notes that she has a healing fracture of a distal femur. Where on the patient's body should the assistant expect to find the injury? a just above the knee b just above the elbow c just below the hip d just below the shoulder
a just above the knee
A medical assistant needs to type a professional business letter from the office. Which of the following formats is appropriate?
a keep flush with the left margin
suspension
a liquid preparation consisting of solid particles dispersed throughout a liquid phase in which they are not soluble
Which of the following positions is appropriate for a pelvic examination?
a lithotomy
vector
a living thing that carries pathogens
beta blocker
a medication that by interfering with specific rector sites in the heart, can help lower heart rate and blood pressure and treat many other cardiovascular disorders
Mohs surgery
a method of excising skin cancers and microscopically examining each layer until the entire tumor is removed.
The laboratory report on a patient indicated a hemoglobin level of 7 gl/dL. Which of the following is the first action for the medical assistant to take?
a notify the provider
A medical assistant is preparing to administer a liquid, oral medication to a patient. Which of the following methods should the assistant use to ensure the correct dose is delivered?
a pour the medication to the prescribed dose in the medicine cup on a flat surface
Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH)
a primary care provider (PCP) coordinates treatment to make sure patients receive the required care when and where they need it, and in a way they can understand.
A patient is seen in an urgent care center for a laceration to the left foot. The provider evaluates the injury determines sutures are not needed, applies a dressing, and releases the patient. Which of the following levels of examination should a medical assistant use for the procedural coding for this visit? a problem-focused examination b expanded problem-focused examination c detailed examination d comprehensive examination
a problem focused examination
electrosurgery or electrocauterization
a pulse of electrical currents is sent through tissue to cauterize (or burn) tissue, used to minimize or stop bleeding, destroy small polyps, or break scar tissue electrocautery unit with foot pedal, grounding cable and pad inspect pad and cable prior to usage, avoid placing the pad on areas with excessive hair, over bony parts or over pacemakers or metal implants, note the condition of the area after treatment
A patient presents to an emergency department with a large laceration to the wrist that is bleeding profusely. Which of the following actions should the medical assistant take first?
a put on gloves
When assisting a provider with a punch biopsy of a mole, which of the following tasks should a medical assistant expect to perform? a receive and prepare tissue specimens for processing b swab fluids from the biopsy site c retract edges of the biopsy site d place sutures at the incision site
a receive and prepare tissue specimens for processing
A medical assistant is responsible for cleaning the instruments used in a minor surgery. Which of the following is the first step in this process
a sanitization
artificially acquired passive immunity
a short-lasting immunity, this is created by giving an exposed person antibodies from a person who has previously had the disease
protozoa
a single-cell parasite that can be microscopic or large enough to see without a microscope
endoscopy
a small tube with a light and camera is inserted into the upper or lower gastrointestinal system or through a small incision to access a body cavity for inspection or minor procedures such as biopsies, typically done in a specialty office gastroscope, laparoscope, hysteroscope (depends on area of inspection) with cables and light sources inspect equipment prior to and after use, assist with patient positioning and support, avoid touching skin with light source, which could be very hot, package specimens and prepare for transport
leukotriene inhibitor
a specific type of medication that treats asthma by relaxing tight or constricted airways and inflammation in the airways
A patient informs a medical assistant that he gets headaches when he reads from a computer monitor. The assistant should place this information in which of the following locations when using SOAP approach to organizing medical records?
a subjective
A medical assistant is performing an EKG on a patient. Which of the following describes the appropriate placement of the electrodes a tabs downward on the arm b tabs downward on the knee c tabs upward on the chest d tabs downward on the lower leg
a tabs downward on the arm
flagellum
a tail-like appendage that allows the cell to move in a swimming-like motion
A patient calls the clinic to cancel a postoperative appointment and states that she will reschedule at a later date. For which of the following reasons should the medical assistant document this information on the patient's chart?
a to prove that the office was not negligent
toenail removal/ingrown toenail treatment
a toenail removal can be partial or complete, the provider removes a toenail spur that is causing an ingrown toenail, the procedure is completed after local anesthetic or digital block sterile scissors and forceps or hemostats, anesthetic (xylocaine) bandaging materials the patient will experience throbbing or discomfort after the anesthetic wears off. Soaking in warm salt water facilitates healing and reduces discomfort, provide patient instructions, assist the provider as needed, bandage the wound
Which of the following parenteral medication routes should a medical assistant administer for a slow release of medication into the blood stream? a transdermal b sublingual c buccal d inhalation
a transdermal
parasite
an organism that lives in on or at the expense of another organism without contributing to the host's survival
Superior (Cranial)
above or closer to the head
superior
above or directed upward
reviewing discharge instructions or plan of care
activity restrictions, diet restrictions, wound care, medications, follow-up appointments
blood pressure
adults (children and infants vary); every visit
buccal
against the cheek, CCMA permitted to administer
respiratory/inhaled
airways, CCMA permitted to administer
Height
all patients; as part of a complete physical exam, scoliosis exam, or if growth concerns are present
Urinalysis
all patients; as part of a maternity visit, complete physical exam or when abnormal urinary symptoms are present
Chief complaint/ history
all patients; every visit
Weight
all patients; every visit
heart rate
all patients; every visit
respirations
all patients; every visit
temperature
all patients; every visit
Entamoeba histolytica
amebiasis; fecal-oral
peroxisome
an organelle in the cytoplasm that contains enzymes
tramadol
analgesic
Bacillus anthracis
anthrax; vector, contact with or eating undercooked meat from infected animals, spore inhalation
memantine
anti-alzheimers
Celecoxib
anti-inflammatory
Ciprofloxacin
antibiotic
Sulfamexazole/ Trimethoprim
antibiotic
levofloxacin
antibiotic
warfarin
anticoagulant
gabapentin
anticonvulsant
pregabalin
anticonvulsant
losartan
antihypertensive
valsartan
antihypertensive
lisinopril
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
metoprolol succinate
antihypertensive, beta blocker
metoprolol tartrate
antihypertensive, beta blocker
Atorvastatin
antilipemic, statin
pravastatin
antilipemic, statin
rosuvastatin
antilipemic, statin
simvastatin
antilipemic, statin
olanzapine
antipsychotic
quetiapine
antipsychotic
rectal
anus/recutm, CCMA permitted to administer according to office policy
fomite
any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms
adult average bp
anything lower than 120/80 mm Hg
staple/suture removal inspection
approximate the edges and the absence or presence of drainage, wounds with crusting blood or exudate will usually need soaking with saline prior to removal
CPR
ascertain responsiveness, activate emergency medical systems (EMS), and check the carotid artery for a pulse, if no pulse is present, then the patient receives CPR at a rate of 100 to 120 chest compressions per minute with a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths, the count remains the same with 2 rescuers, but alternating roles can decrease fatigue in performing chest compressions
Aspergillus fumigatus
aspergillosis; airborne
Which of the following statements made by a medical assistant demonstrates an understanding of required patient identification techniques?
b "I will ask the patient to state and spell her full name and provide her date of birth before administering vaccines"
A medical assistant is talking with an older adult patient who has experienced several injuries at home over the past 6 months. The patient lives alone and has no family nearby. Which of the following responses should the assistant make to help ease the patient's transition to assisted living or long-term care? a "Why wouldn't you want to be around others like yourself, even if only for the social benefits?" b "It seems like it is no longer safe for you to be at home alone. Let's talk about other options?" c "If I were you, I'd tell your family they have to move to this area to help you at home?" d "I'm going to call your daughter and tell her about some of the difficulties you are having?"
b "It seems like it is no longer safe for you to be at home alone. Let's talk about other options?"
A patient asks a medical assistant to explain the difference between a liniment and a medicated lotion. Which of the following responses should the assistant make?
b "Liniments contain a higher portion of oil than medicated lotions"
A medical assistant is reinforcing teaching with a patient about pulse oximetry. Which of the following statements should the assistant include in the teaching?
b "Remove your nail polish before the test"
A medical assistant is talking with a patient who is experiencing home displacement following a hurricane. To which of the following resources should the assistant refer the patient for information, support, and links to community services? a department of health and human services (HHS) b American red cross c national council on aging d centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)
b American red cross
A medical assistant in an emergency clinic is admitting several patients. The assistant should recognize that the provider should see which of the following patients first? a An adult who is a professional runner and has a heart rate of 50/min b An older adult who has diabetes and has a blood pressure of 80/42 mm Hg c An infant who is bottle fed and has a heart rate of 130/min d an adolescent who is a gymnast and has a blood pressure of 108/64 mm Hg
b An older adult who has diabetes and has a blood pressure of 80/42 mm Hg
A medical assistant is applying a transdermal patch for a patient. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
b Apply the patch to a hairless area of the patient's skin
The Patients' Bill of Rights protects individuals from which of the following?
b Denial of care due to the patient's age
A medical assistant is assisting a patient whose insurance does not cover immunizations. To which of the following community resources should assist refer the patient?
b Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Which of the following additives should be used when performing a CBC?
b EDTA
to provide culturally competent care, which of the following actions should a medical assistant take first when encountering patients?
b Examine personal religious and cultural values nd beliefs to identify any biases
A medical assistant is writing a piece of professional correspondence to a consulting provider. In which of the following ways should the assistant record the date on the letter?
b January 1, 2020
A medical assistant is replacing a sharps container in an examination room and receives a small laceration on her arm from the plastic lid. Which of the following types of documentation should the assistant complete as a result of this incident?
b OSHA form 301
A medical assistant is scheduling a patient for an outpatient procedure. Which of the following actions should the assistant take first?
b Obtain an oral or written order from the provider for the procedure
A medical assistant works at an urgent care center that uses open hours scheduling. Which of the following describes this form of scheduling?
b Patients arrive at their convenience and are seen on a first-come first-served basis
When coding with the ICD 10 CM, where should the medical assistant begin the process of looking up a diagnosis code for breast cancer?
b The alphabetic index
Which of the following is a step in the process of skin preparation prior to a surgical procedure?
b clean the surgical site with antiseptic
Neurologists
specialize in the nervous system
When completing documentation in a patient's paper medical record, a medical assistant realizes she made an error. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a leave the error in the medical record b draw a line through the error and initial it c erase the entry in the medical record d use correction fluid to correct the entry
b draw a line through the error and initial it
A medical assistant should understand that the chain of custody form is used for which of the following?
b ensuring that a specimen is packaged as directed
A medical assistant is collecting vital signs from a 6-year-old child. The assistant should recognize that which of the following vital signs is outside the expected reference range for this patient and should be reported to the provider? a respiratory rate 22/min b heart rate 140/min c blood pressure 110/72 mm Hg d temperature 37° C (98.6° F)
b heart rate 140/min
A medical assistant is collecting data from a patient who has cold sores on his lips. The assistant should identify that which of the following viruses causes this condition? a influenza a b herpes simplex type 1 c epstein-barr d rhabdovirus
b herpes simplex type 1
A provider examines an older adult patient who is disabled and has a lesion on her arm. A medical assistant should anticipate a referral for this patient to which of the following ancillary services? a diagnostic services b home health care c rehabilitation services d hospice care
b home health care
Which of the following routes of administration should a medical assistant use when performing a tuberculin skin test? a intramuscular b intradermal c intravenous d subcutaneous
b intradermal
Which of the following items in a medical office are considered administrative office supplies? a computers, telephones, and chairs b letterhead, envelopes, and business cards c examination table paper, stethoscopes, and otoscopes d file cabinets, storage bins, and shelves for records
b letterhead, envelopes, and business cards
A medical assistant is collecting blood samples to measure a patient's cholesterol levels. Which of the following actions should the assistant take before collecting the patient's blood? a plan to collect the specimen in the late morning. b make sure the patient did not eat any food for the past 12 hours c ask the patient if the has taken any medications that day d ensure that the patient did not drink any water for the past 12 hours
b make sure the patient did not eat any food for the past 12 hours
A medical assistant is testing a patient's visual acuity using a Snellen chart. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a position the patient 40 feet from the chart b make sure the patient does not lean forward during the test c have the patient close her left eye behind the occluder when testing the right eye d ask the patient to read the smallest line first and then proceed to the largest
b make sure the patient does not lean forward during the test
Which of the following dressings should a medical assistant use on a partial-thickness burn?
b non adherent dressing
Which of the following documents indicates how a patient's medical records will be used and disclosed by a medical office? a explanation of benefits (EOB) b notice of privacy practices (NPP) c advance beneficiary notice (ABN) d assignment of benefits
b notice of privacy practices (NPP)
A medical assistant is classifying services that a patient requires. The assistant should identify which of the following as an ancillary diagnostic service? a cardiology b pathology c oncology d gerontology
b pathology
A medical assistant is encouraging a patient to increase her intake of insoluble fiber to help prevent constipation and hemorrhoids Which of the following foods should the assistant recommend as the best source of insoluble fiber? a cooked white rice b pears with skin c strawberries d popcorn
b pears with skin
A medical assistant is preparing to dispose of bandages that have been removed from a patient's open wound. Per OSHA guidelines, which of the following actions should the assistant plan to take? a place the bandages in a sharps container b place the bandages in a red biohazard bag c double bag the bandages in a red biohazard bag d disinfect the bandages and place them in a red biohazard bag
b place the bandages in a red biohazard bag
After a patient leaves an examination room, which of the following actions should a medical assistant take to prepare the examination table for the next patient?
b roll up the disposable paper on the table tightly and quickly
In which of the following positions should a medical assistant place a healthy patient in preparation for a rectal examination
b simms
A medical assistant is collecting information from a patient who reports persistent pain in the left upper quadrant. The assistant should note that this area contains which of the following organs?
b stomach
Which of the following actions should the medical assistant take when obtaining the head circumference of an infant?
c record the measurement to the nearest 0.6 cm (1/4 in)
posterior
back
anaerobic bacteria
bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive
Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Modifications
balanced diet low sodium sweets in moderation calorie limitations
Cardiovascular Disease Dietary Modifications
balanced diet, low sodium, low fat, high fiber, little or no alcohol
Cimex parasites
bed bugs; contact with infested bedding or furniture
Inferior (Caudal)
below or closer to the feet
inferior
below or directed downward
flexion
bending a limb or body part at the joint
Staphylococcus aureus
boils, septicemia, pneumonia; contact
intraosseous
bone marrow
Clostridium botulinum
botulism; foodborne
fracture
break in bone, open fracture: skin is broken, closed fracture: no break in skin; control bleeding, immobilize area, apply ice, check for a pulse below the fracture site. Treat for shock
extension
bringing a limb to a straight position
montelukast
bronchodilator, leukotriene inhibitor
Trans Fats
byproduct of sliding polyunsaturated oils (hydrogenation), raises LDL
A medical assistant is preparing a patient to have cryosurgery following an abnormal Papanicolaou test. Which of the following statements should the assistant make to explain the procedure?
c "Cryosurgery involves an extremely cold probe to freeze and kill abnormal cells"
Which of the following statements made by a new medical assistant, regarding an artifact, demonstrates a need for further teaching?
c "Electrical interference on the EKG is not caused by cell phones"
A medical assistant is caring for a patient who has terminal colorectal cancer with a life expectancy of 6 months. The patient states, "I don't know if its time to begin hospice care yet." Which of the following statements should the assistant make?
c "Hospice can help manage your pain and comfort during the final months of your life?
A medical assistant is reinforcing teaching about a cardiac event monitor with a patient. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the procedure?
c "I will record any symptoms I experience in the event log"
A medical assistant is reinforcing instructions with a patient about how to take a buccal tablet. Which of the following instructions should the assistant give the patient?
c "Place the tablet between your gums and cheek"
A medical assistant is talking with a patient who reports forgetting whether she has taken her prescribed medication each day. Which of the following responses should the assistant make?
c "Try putting your medications in a weekly medication dispenser for the upcoming week"
A medical assistant is reinforcing teaching with a patient who is scheduled for a standard 12-lead EKG. Which of the following statements should the assistant make?
c "You should refrain from talking during the procedure"
A medical assistant is administering an IM injection into the gluteus medius of an adult patient. At which of the following angles should the assistant insert the needle?
c 90 degree angle
A medical assistant is preparing to file the paper chart for Mary St. Thomas. Where should the file be placed when filed along with the charts for Mary Perez, Elizabeth Saint, and John A. Thomas?
c After Elizabeth Saint and before John A Thomas
A medical assistant is caring for a patient who has recently received a terminal diagnosis and is crying. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
c Allow the patient to cry
Several patient arrive at a clinic at the same time requesting care. A medical assistant should recognize that which of the following patient's chief complaints is the priority for the provider to address?
c An adult patient who is experiencing dyspnea and congestion
A medical assistant is entering a new prescription into a patient's electronic medial record (EMR), While entering the prescription, an alert notifying the assistant of a medication interaction appears on the screen. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
c Consult with the provider before continuing to process the prescription
A Medical assistant is speaking with a patient who recently received a terminal diagnosis. The patient states "I regret not taking better care of myself. Now I won't be able to accomplish what I wanted to do with my life" The assistant should identify that the patient is in which of the following stages of grief?
c Depression
Which of the following is a formal authorization that identifies an individual as legally able to make decisions on behalf of a patient
c Durable power of attorney
A medical assistant is reviewing a patient's medical history prior to the patient's appointment. Which of the following laboratory results indicates the need to schedule an extension of the current visit?
c Fasting blood glucose 168 mg/dL
According tot he regulation of controlled substances which of the following is true of a schedule I drug?
c Have no accepted medical use
Which of the following cardiac procedures is within a medical assistant's scope of practice and does not require a licensed technician or provider to assist or perform it?
c Holter monitor application
A medical assistant is administering heparin subcutaneously to a patient. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
c Inject the medication slowly
A medical assistant is transcribing a prescription for magnesium sulfate into a patient's medical record. Which of the following should the assistant use to document this medication?
c Magnesium Sulfate
A patient presents to an office for treatment. After reading the consent form, she expresses concerns about the treatment. Who is responsible for counseling the patient?
c Provider
A medical assistant is preparing a patient who has congestive heart failure (CHF) for an examination by the provider. Which of the following manifestations should the assistant expect?
c Shortness of breath
When removing sutures, why is it important for a medical assistant to place the removed sutures on a gauze pad?
c To determine the number of sutures removed
A medical assistant is performing a 12-lead EKG on a patient. Which of the following electrodes should the assistant place to the left of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space?
c V2
Which of the following pieces of legislation keeps health care staff safe from retaliation by their employers when they report cases of patient neglect and abuse?
c Whistleblower Protection Act
A medical assistant is preparing a patient who has bilateral below the knee amputations for an EKG. Which of the following sites should the assistant select for electrode placement?
c abdomen
A medical assistant is transcribing a prescription for a medication that a patient should take before meals. Which of the following abbreviations should the assistant use to indicate when the patient should take the medication?
c ac
According to OSHA's guidelines for proper waste disposal, which of the following should a medical assistant place in a regular waste container?
c an empty urine container
A medical assistant is performing a review on items in a clinic's inventory. How should the assistant classify dressings and bandages for inventory purposes?
c as clinical supplies
For a 12-lead EKG, which of the following is the correct placement for the V4 electrode? a at the fourth intercostal space, right margin of the sternum b under the left arm, on the midaxillary line c at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line d at the fourth intercostal space, right midclavicular line
c at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line
A medical assistant is faxing a prescription to a patient's pharmacy. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
c call the pharmacy to confirm receipt of the faxed prescription
A medical assistant should use which of the following solutions to prepare a patient's skin prior to drawing blood cultures?
c chlorhexidine
Which of the following cell structures is instrumental in helping the body mobilize and secrete mucus from the respiratory tract? a centrioles b ribosomes c cilia d mitochondria
c cilia
Which of the following terms refers to the range of fees charged by providers who have similar training and experience and practice in the same geographical area? a usual b reasonable c customary d capitation
c customary
A medical assistant is preparing to calculate a patient's heart rate from an EKG tracing. Which of the following methods should the assistant use for this calculation?
c divide 1,500 by the number of small boxes between two R waves
A patient reports feeling depressed due to the recent loss of a partner. In which of the five steps of the grief process does depression present itself?
c fourth
A medical assistant is monitoring an infant patient for microcephaly. Which of the following describes the anthropometric measurement that he assistant should perform?
c head circumference
A medical assistant is preparing to assist a provider with suturing a wound. Which of the following items should be in the sterile field for this procedure?
c hemostat
A medical assistant is cleaning an examination room after assisting a provider with a biopsy. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
c hold sharps by the blunt end to avoid a needlesitck injury
A medical assistant is caring for an infant who suddenly becomes unresponsive for unknown reasons. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a check for a foreign object in the mouth with a blind finger sweep b perform abdominal thrusts c initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation d perform five back blows
c initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation
A medical assistant works at a practice that is part of an Accountable Care Organization (ACO), This designation means that the practice's health care team will focus on improving care for patients who have which of the following types of medical coverage?
c medicare
Which measuring a patient's pulse, the medical assistant should recognize that which of the following patient factors can contribute to an erroneous pulse rate? a blood pressure b weight c movement d hydration
c movement
A medical assistant is entering patient data into an electronic medical record (EMR) system. Which of the following information should be entered into the Patient Demographics section of the EMR? a allergies b chief complaint c occupation d surgical history
c occupation
A medical assistant is obtaining a blood pressure measurement from an adult patient, Which of the following actions should the assistant take to ensure an accurate reading?
c place the stethoscopes diaphragm over the patients palpated artery
Which of the following actions should a medical assistant take when obtaining the length of an infant during a well-child visit? a remove the infants diaper b wrap the infant in a blanket for warmth c position the infant on his back d keep the infant's knees flexed
c position the infant on his back
A medical assistant is reviewing laboratory requisitions. For which of the following patient conditions should the assistant perform a capillary collection rather than a venipuncture? a edema in the fingers b HIV-positive c previous thromboses d hypothyroidism
c previous thromboses
A medical assistant has just received a derogatory e-mail from a dissatisfied patient. What action should the assistant take? a respond immediately with a request for a more polite message b print a copy of the e-mail and forward it to the provider c print the e-mail and make notes about topics to be addressed prior to formulating a response d forward the e-mail to another medical assistant to review and to provide a response to the patient
c print the e-mail and make notes about topics to be addressed prior to formulating a response
A medical assistant is performing an ear irrigation for an adult patient who has a cerumen impaction. Which of the following steps should the assistant complete prior to administering the irrigation solution?
c pull the pinna of the ear up and back
A medical assistant receives a call from a patient requesting a refill for fentanyl patches for chronic pain. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
c refer the patient's request to the provider
A medical assistant observes a hematoma developing at the site of a venous blood draw. The assistant should do which of the following?
c release the tourniquet and stop the draw
A provider has requested a dissecting instrument on a sterile tray that a medical assistant is preparing. Which of the following instruments should the assistant include on the tray?
c scissors
A medical assistant is preparing a patient for an enema. In which of the following positions should the assistant place the patient for this procedure? a fowler's position b semi-fowler's position c sims' position d lithotomy position
c sims' position
Where do cardiac electrical impulses originate in the heart?
c sinoatrial node
A medical assistant is caring for a patient who is experiencing chills, nausea, and dizziness. The patient's face appears pale. The assistant should recognize that the patient is exhibiting manifestations of which of the following medical emergencies? a seizure b transient ischemic attach (TIA) c syncope d myocardial infraction
c syncope
An adolescent is covered by two insurance policies under her divorced parents who have birthdays in May and August and have joint custody. Which policy is the primary policy for the adolescent?
c the policy of the parent who has the earliest birth month
A medical assistant receives a telephone call from a patient who is hesitant about discussing a new medical concern unless the conversation is with a provider. The assistant should use which of the following techniques to address the patient's reluctance? a tell the patient he has nothing to worry about b ask the patient why he does not trust the assistant with the information c use a reflective statement to recognize the patient's concerns d provide examples of patients who have similar concerns to reassure the patient
c use a reflective statement to recognize the patient's concerns
A medical assistant is contacting a patient to schedule a repeat Papanicolaou test due to abnormal results. The assistant should identify that which of the following factors can interfere with the test results? a engaging in intercourse 48 hr prior to the test b douching 1 week prior to the test c using an over-the-counter vaginal cream prior to the test d taking prescribed oral birth control pills
c using an over-the-counter vaginal cream prior to the test
A medical assistant should identify that which of the following vitamins is fat soluble?
c vitamin A
A medical assistant is explaining to a female patient how to collect a clean-catch urine specimen. Which of the following instructions should the assistant include? a place the removable lid of the specimen container face down on a clean surface b clean the perineal area from back to front with three antiseptic towelettes c with the labia spread, urinate a small amount into the toilet before collecting the sample d to collect the urine, press the specimen container's edges up against the perineum
c with the labia spread, urinate a small amount into the toilet before collecting the sample
varicella-zoster
chickenpox, shingles; airborne, droplet, contact with blister fluid
Vitamin D (calciferol)
calcium absorption, bone and tooth structure, support of heart and nerve function
bleeding emergencies
can occur internally or externally, the amount of bleeding depends on the blood supply in the location of the injury and the vessel that was torn or cut. Arterial bleeding is more fo a medical crisis than capillary bleeding; apply pressure, elevate the site if possible, apply ice, limit movement, keep the patient quiet, monitor vital signs and observe for signs of shock
seizures
can result from trauma or alterations in metabolism such as with fever, can be idiopathic in nature, can range from generalized (grand mal) to short staring episode (petit mal); assist the patient to a lying position, protect from injury, tilt the head to the side to prevent aspiration, time the seizure, stay with the patient and observe, if seizures continue (status epileptics), call 911
aerobic bacteria
can survive in oxygenated environment
Candida albicans
candidiasis (thrush, vaginal yeast infection); overgrowth of normal flora, not usually sexual
biotin
carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
artery/arteriole
cardiovascular system, Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They propel blood with each contraction of the heart and are associated with various pulse points on the body. Smaller branches are arterioles.
vein/venule
cardiovascular system, Vessels that carry blood toward the heart. They are thinner-walled than arteries and contain valves to prevent backflow. Smaller branches are venules.
endocardium
cardiovascular system, innermost layer of cells that lines the atria, ventricles and heart valves
heart
cardiovascular system, located within the central part of the chest (mediastinum), and functions as a pump to move blood throughout the body
myocardium
cardiovascular system, muscular layer of the heart
pericardium
cardiovascular system, outermost layer of the heart. a membrane that surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid
capillary
cardiovascular system, the smallest blood vessels, which connect arterioles to venules. they aid in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and body cells
stroke
cause: blockage of artery in neck of brain, results from hypoxia in the brain usually due to a blood clot, or rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel, patient can be aphasic or dysphasic; experience weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, or drooping of the mouth, lose consciousness symptoms: paralysis, confusion, memory impairment, some symptoms can be permanent treatment: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, protect the patient, keep the patient NPO, obtain vital signs, collect as much medial history as possible, administer oxygen, call 911
bone fracture
cause: impact injury resulting in bone cracking or breaking, stress fractures: overuse or repetitive stress symptoms: pain, swelling, loss of function diagnosis: physical exam, x-ray, CT if plain films are not clear treatment: immobilization with internal or external device (cast, splint, pins, plates, screws)
parkinson's disease
cause: lack of neurotransmitters, brain tumors, drugs, head trauma symptoms: arm/leg muscle and joint stiffness, lack of coordination, tremor treatment: supportive, medications to slow progression, no cure
Choking
caused by obstruction of airway, patient is unable to breathe or speak and splays the character sign of holding the hands to the neck; ask the patient, "Are you choking?" do nothing if the patient can speak or cough, if patient is unable to breathe or talk, perform the Heimlich maneuver, if the patient is unconscious perform CPR, looking for a foreign body in the mouth and removing it if visible
asthma
causes: allergens, pollutants, dust mites, cigarette smoke symptoms: wheezing, coughing, feeling of tightness in chest treatment: avoiding allergens/irritants, rescue inhaler for bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory steroid inhalers, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, steroid injection for an acute episode
Aneurysm
causes: atherosclerosis, smoking, high-cholesterol diet, obesity symptoms: usually none, possible back pain, tachycardia, dizziness treatment: surgery
rheumatoid arthritis
causes: autoimmune symptoms: destruction of the joint capsule causing scar to form, visible joint deformity and lost of joint mobility treatment: NSAIDs, exercise, heat/cold therapies, cortisone injections and surgery to remove scar tissue
myasthenia gravis
causes: autoimmune symptoms: double vision, muscle weakness, dysphagia, difficulty chewing and difficulty breathing treatment: avoiding excessive stress, rest, eye patch and medication
hypothyroidism
causes: autoimmune disease, medications, thyroid surgery symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, muscle aches, bradycardia, depression, elevated cholesterol, dry skin treatment: synthetic thyroid hormone medication (levothyroxine)
meningitis
causes: bacterial, viral, fungal infection causing inflammation of the meninges symptoms: stiff neck, headache, fever, vomiting treatment: appropriate medications for type, bacterial can be fatal
Diverticulitis (abnormal out-pouching of intestinal wall)
causes: bacterial, viral, parasitic symptoms: constipation or diarrhea, bloody stools, abdominal pain, nausea treatment: high-fiber diet, antibiotics
pneumonia
causes: bacterial, viral, parasitic symptoms: thick, colored sputum, dyspnea, fever, cough treatment: rest, antibiotics, OTC analgesics
Hemorrhoids (varicose vein of the rectum or anus)
causes: constipation, straining during bowel movements, pelvic pressure during pregnancy, childbirth symptoms: itching, pain in anal area, blood with bowel movements, visible protrusion from the anus treatment: high-fiber diet, stool softeners, surgical removal
herpes simplex
causes: contact with herpes simplex virus symptoms: type 1: painful blisters on lips, mouth and face, type 2: similar lesions, located in genital area treatment: no cure, antiviral medication to decrease frequency of outbreaks transmission: contact with blister fluid, sexual
atelectasis
causes: cystic fibrosis, COPD, Pleurisy, lung cancer, spontaneous symptoms: dyspnea, cyanosis, diaphoresis, pain treatment: thoracentesis, chest percussion, deep breathing exercises, intermittent positive-pressure breathing
emphysema
causes: damage to the alveoli caused by cigarette smoke, pollutants, specific types of dust symptoms: shortness of breath, chronic cough, fatigue treatment: smoking cessation, avoiding cold environments, antibiotics for secondary lung infections
Alzheimer's disease
causes: degenerative brain disease, possibly genetic or environmental symptoms: confusion, memory loss, impaired judgement, personality change, worsens over time treatment: physical activity, socialization, medication to slow the progression, no cure
gout
causes: deposits of uric acid crystals accumulate in joint spaces symptoms: joint pain, common in big toe and knee joints, stiffness and swelling treatment: dietary changes (avoidance of rich, fatty foods), pain medication and medications to aid in elimination or uric acid in kidneys during urine formation
rosacea
causes: dilation of small facial blood vessels and cause of dilation is unknown symptoms: redness and acne-like eruptions on face treatment: topical cortisone's, antibiotics and vascular laser therapy
hyperthyroidism
causes: graves disease, thyroiditis and plummer's disease symptoms: weight loss, tachycardia, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disruption and goiter treatment: radioactive iodine, anti thyroid medication, beta blockers and thyroidectomy
kyphosis
causes: growth retardation or improper development of growth plates, aging and degenerative disk disease contribute to adult onset symptoms: visible upper back curvature (humpback) treatment: exercise, back bracing, harrington rod, spinal fusion in extreme cases
concussion
causes: head impact, closed head trauma in which the brain has been jolted or shaken symptoms: nausea, loss of balance disorientation, headache diagnosis: physical exam, neurologic testing, CT of the brain treatment: rest, treatment of symptoms, measure vital signs, observation, provider assessment and possible computed tomography scan (CT)
paget's disease
causes: hereditary and viral symptoms: bone pain and deformity, fractures and excessive bone destruction treatment: surgery, medication and physical therapy
osteoporosis
causes: hormone deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle, lack of vitamin D, corticosteroid use (long-term), smoking symptoms: fractures, most common in the spine, wrists, hips, loss of height, can result in kyphosis treatment: medications, hormone replacement therapy, exercise, supplements
osteoarthritis
causes: inflammatory processes, metabolic disorders symptoms: joint stiffness and pain, fluid surrounding the joint, grating sound with joint movement treatment: NSAIDs, intra-articular injections, arthroscopy, joint replacement surgery
psoriasis
causes: inherited autoimmune disorder symptoms: silvery, scaly, severely itchy skin lesions and can cause systemic symptoms such as joint pain and inflammation treatment: oral NSAIDs, topical creams containing vitamins A and D, hydro-cortisone cream and UV treatments
lordosis
causes: injury, poor posture and wearing high heels symptoms: inward curvature of the lower back (swayback) treatment: corrective shoes and exercise
Malignant melanoma
causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure symptoms: itchy/bleeding mole, new mole and mole with changes treatment: depends on stage of lesion, surgery, lymph node biopsy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure symptoms: new growth or sore that does not heal treatment: curettage and electrodessication, mohs surgery, cryosurgery and laser surgery
hypertension
causes: narrowing of arteries, increased arterial pressure, risk factors: obesity, smoking, stimulant use, skinny disease, high sodium intake, excessive alcohol consumption symptoms: excessive sweating, fatigue, muscle cramps, headaches, dizziness treatment: treatment of underlying cause, lifestyle modifications: diet, exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, antihypertensive medication
diabetes mellitus type 2
causes: obesity, inactivity, genetics symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, elevated blood glucose treatment: diet modification, exercise, medication, insulin therapy
alopecia
causes: often hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns and fungal skin infections symptoms: loss or lack of hair anywhere on the body, typically on the scalp and can include eyebrows and eyelashes treatment: no cure, hair transplants, medications can slow progression
bursitis
causes: overuse, joint trauma and bacterial infection symptoms: joint pain and swelling treatment: rest, pain medication, steroid injection, aspiration of joint fluid and antibiotics
scoliosis
causes: possibly genetic, can begin prenatally during formation of vertebrae, muscle weakness symptoms: bent appearing spine (laterally), back pain treatment: back bracing, physical therapy, surgery with rod placement
cirrhosis
causes: scarring of liver, can be autoimmune, mediation, alcohol, hepatitis B or C symptoms: anemia, fatigue, fever, enlarged liver, jaundice, weight loss treatment: avoid alcohol consumption, antibiotics, diuretics
folliculitis
causes: shaving or repeated rubbing of shaved area, bacteria or fungi symptoms: red, itchy hair follicles (pimple appearance) treatment: regular cleansing of affected area, topical antibiotics and electric shaver instead of razor
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
causes: smoking, environmental pollutants symptoms: dyspnea, hypoxia, fatigue, cough treatment: smoking cessation, inhalers, lung transplant in extreme cases
tendonitis
causes: sports or activity related symptoms: pain in joints and limited range of motion in joint treatment: rest, ice and NSAIDs
impetigo
causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria symptoms: itchy, oozing skin lesions with honey-like appearing crust treatment: antibiotics and frequent cleansing of area
cellulitis
causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections symptoms: inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus treatment: oral/topical antibiotics, hospitalization if at risk for developing systemic infection
acne vulgaris
causes: surge of sex hormones during puberty and excess sebum on skin surface symptoms: black heads, white heads, papules and pustules treatment: regular cleansing of affected area, OTC benzoyl peroxide products and prescription medication (topical or oral)
osteosarcoma
causes: unknown symptoms: pain in affected bones (usually legs) and swelling with development of tumor growth treatment: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation and amputation of affected limb
eczema
causes: unknown (possible allergy or inflammatory condition) symptoms: chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly rash treatment: topical or systemic steroids and NSAIDS for discomfort
diabetes mellitus type 1
causes: unknown (possibly autoimmune, genetic or environmental) symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, blurry vision, weight loss, elevated blood glucose treatment: insulin therapy
polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS)
causes: unknown (possibly genetic, excessive insulin) symptoms: irregular menstrual cycles, elevated hormone levels, multiple cysts on ovaries treatment: weight loss, estrogen and progestin
Hiatal hernia (part of stomach protrudes through diaphragm into chest cavity)
causes: unknown causes, smoking obesity symptoms: heartburn, chest pain, excessive burping, nausea, vomiting treatment: weight reduction, medication, surgical repair
Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors
causes: unknown, age 10 to 20 years old and male sex symptoms: fever, pain at tumor site, fractures, bruising treatment: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant and stem cell transplant
fibromyalgia
causes: unknown, exacerbated by sleep deprivation, emotional distress and depression symptoms: fatigue, point tenderness and trigger points, chronic facial pain and sleep disturbances treatment: antidepressants, NSAIDs, physical therapy and trigger point injections
bronchitis
causes: viral, environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke symptoms: yellow-grey or green productive cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, fever treatment: cough-medicine, humidifier, inhalers, antibiotics in some cases
methylphenidate
central nervous system stimulant
Chlamydia trachomatis
chlamydia; sexual
Vibrio cholerae
cholera; fecal-oral, contaminated water
rales
clicking or crackling sounds heard on inspiration that can sound most or dry
contusion
closed injury, also known as a bruise, caused by a blunt-force trauma, ranges in severity based on the trauma received and the location; apply cold pack or ice, elevate limb if affected, observe for signs of increase intracranial pressure if the head is contused (this wound requires immediate emergency care)
Medial
closer to the midline of the body
Superficial
closer to the surface of the body
Clostridium difficile
colitis; fecal-oral
vibrio bacteria
comma shaped
rhinovirus
common cold; droplet, contact, fomites
rhonchi
common rattling snoring sounds often associated with chronic lung diseases
antipsychotics
control psychotic symptoms
cutting sutures
cut close to the knot and pull the suture out with forceps by grabbing the knot and pulling, observing to ensure the entire suture was removed
centriole
cylindrical-shaped organelle that plays a role in cell division
At work, a medical assistant cared for a neighbor who sustained multiple injuries in a fall. After work, another neighbor asks the assistant what happened to the neighbor who fell. Following the American Association of Medical Assistants' (AAMA) Code of Ethics, which of the following responses should the assistant make? a "She broke a couple of bones, but she'll be fine? b "It was nothing serious. You'll see her soon enough" c "We'll see her every week or so during her recovery" d "I can't share any information about what happens at my job"
d "I can't share any information about what happens at my job"
A medical assistant requests that a patient pay her insurance copayment at the time she arrives for her appointment. The patient becomes defensive and asks why she should pay for care she has not yet received. Which of the following responses should the medical assistant make? a "Didn't you expect to pay for your visit when you came?" b "Why wouldn't you want to pay now rather than later?" c "Unless you have paid your copayment. the doctor will not see you" d "I understand you're concerned, so you're welcome to pay at the end of your appointment
d "I understand you're concerned, so you're welcome to pay at the end of your appointment
Which of the following laboratory results should the medical assistant recognize is abnormal? a Sodium 128 mEq/L b Red blood cell count 5.2/mm3 c Platelets 350/mm3 d Potassium 3 mEq/L
d Potassium 3 mEq/L
A medical assistant is checking a patient's hearing using the Weber test. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a position a vibrating tuning fork over the patient's mastoid process b invert a vibrating tuning fork which the patient still hears sound c instruct the patient to raise his hand when he no longer hears any sound d ask the patient if he hears the vibration louder in one ear than the other
d ask the patient if he hears the vibration louder in one ear than the other
A medical assistant is reviewing laboratory results that confirm a patient has varicella zoster virus. The assistant should identify that this micro-organism causes which of the following types of infections? a mumps b measles c rubella d chickenpox
d chickenpox
A medical assistant is scheduling diagnostic tests for a patient's liver and pancreas. Which of the following systems is being assessed? a cardiovascular b integumentary c respiratory d digestive
d digestive
A medical assistant is coding an office visit during which the provider reviewed the systems related to a patient's chief complaint but did not discuss the patient's family or social history. Which of the following procedure codes should the assistant use for this visit? a detailed history b comprehensive history c problem-focused history d expanded problem-focused history
d expanded problem-focused history
A medical assistant receives a denial of payment for a patient's cholecystectomy. The reason stated is "non covered service" If this procedure was deemed emergent by the provider, which of the following actions should the assistant take? a submit an appeal for the denied claim b submit a new claim c resubmit the claim with a different procedure code d instruct the patient to contact the insurer about the denial of payment
d instruct the patient to contact the insurer about the denial of payment
A medical assistant is administering an injection, and the patient faints. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a elevate the patient's head above his heart b apply a warm compress to the patient's neck c offer the patient something to drink d place the patient in a supine position
d place the patient in a supine position
A medical assistant is collecting a health history from an older adult patient who exhibits moderate hearing loss. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a keep her hands still to avoid distracting the patient b speak with a raised pitch when clarifying information c use longer sentences to keep the patient's attention d remain within the patient's view to allow lip-reading
d remain within the patient's view to allow lip-reading
A primary care provider suspects that a patient has fibromyalgia. A medical assistant should expect the provider to refer the patient to which of the following specialists? a gynecologist b ophthalmologist c gastroenterologist d rheumatologist
d rheumatologist
Anticoagulant
delay blood clotting
intramuscular (IM)
deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles, CCMA permitted to administer
lithotripsy
destruction of kidney stones using shock waves
diabetic emergencies
diabetic coma (hyperglycemia) characterized by malaise, dry mouth, polydipsia, polyuria, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, insulin shock (hypoglycemia) characterized by sweating, anxiety, irritability, tachycardia, headache, hunger, can lead to seizures, coma, death if left untreated; administer glucose for insulin shock, administer insulin for diabetic coma, when induct give glucose, monitor vital signs, call 911 if rapid improvement is not noted
Escherichia coli
diarrhea; foodborne
Korotkoff sounds phase V
diastolic pressure
orthopnea
difficulty breathing in any position other than standing or sitting
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
diphtheria; droplet
furosemide
diuretic
hydrochlorothiazide
diuretic
Frontal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
Sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right sides
Transverse plane
divides the body into upper and lower sections
quadrant
dividing an area horizontally and vertically into four parts
knee-chest, knee-elbow
drawing the knees up to the chest
otic
ears, CCMA permitted to administer
ophthalmic
eyes, CCMA permitted to administer
distal
farther away from
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
fat and protein metabolism
pyrexia
fever
parvovirus
fifth disease; droplet, bloodborne
Sodium
fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, muscle and nerve function
acute abdominal pain
general symptom that can be life-threatening; obtain detailed chief complaint, keep the patient NPO, have an emesis basis available, keep the patient warm but do not apply heat to the abdomen, monitor vital signs and observe for signs of shock; describing the severity, quadrant, or abdominal region assists in diagnosing the condition
human papillomavirus
genital warts; sexual
Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lamblia)
giardiasis; fecal-oral
prednisone
glucocorticoid
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonorrhea; sexual
hepatitis A
hepatitis A; fecal-oral
antibody
immune and lymphatic systems, protein the body creates in response to specific antigens
stage 2 hypertension
greater than 140/90 mm Hg
obese BMI
greater than 30
cilia
hair-like projections that help move substances through various tracts and paths in the body
cephalic
head
hepatitis B
hepatitis B; bloodborne, sexual
hepatitis C
hepatitis C; bloodborne
Cancer dietary modifications
high protein vitamin supplementation low-temperature foods favorite foods small meals frequently
insulin
hypoglycemic
metformin
hypoglycemic
pioglitazone
hypoglycemic
lymph nodules
immune and lymphatic systems, Masses of lymphoid tissue comprised of macrophages and lymphocytes. Lymph nodules are not encapsulated like lymph nodes.
immunoglobulins
immune and lymphatic systems, antibodies
thymus
immune and lymphatic systems, endocrine system, located posterior to the sternum. the thymus is large in children and atrophies (shrinks) after adolescence. it is responsible for the production and maturation of T-cells, thyroxin, development of cells in immune system
Monocytes
immune and lymphatic systems, engulf and destroy pathogens that have been coagulated with antibodies
antigen
immune and lymphatic systems, foreign substance within the body
spleen
immune and lymphatic systems, largest lymphoid organ, located in the upper-left abdominal quadrant. It is home to macrophages that filter the blood
lymph nodes
immune and lymphatic systems, small, glandular structures concentrated in the neck, axilla and groin, which produce and store lymphocytes, and are home to macrophages that filter lymph
interstitial fluid
immune and lymphatic systems, tissue fluid found between cells. once collected and filtered, its called lymph
T-Cells
immune and lymphatic systems, type of lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and attaches them to attack the invading cells directly
B-Cells
immune and lymphatic systems, type of lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and responds by turning into plasma cells. these plasma cells then create antibodies against specific antigens
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
immunity, iron absorption, structure of bones, muscle, and blood vessels
anti-osteoporosis agents
improve bone density
carotid
in the neck, just below the jaw bone, most common for use in emergency procedures
aphasia
inability to speak
sedative-hypnotics
induce sleep/relaxation
Chain of infection
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
pelvic cavity
inferior to the abdominal cavity, houses the bladder
influenza
influenza; airborne, droplet
aerosols
inhalation
dry powder for inhalation
inhalation
steam
inhalation
mist
inhalation, nasal
one respiratory rhythm
inhale and exhale
strain
injury due to excessive overstretching of a muscle or tendon; rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE)
sprain
injury due to tearing of a tendon, ligament or cartilage of a joint; RICE
internal
inside
brachial pulse
inside the upper arm, the most common site for children
sphygmomanometer
instrument used to measure blood pressure that has a graduated scale for determining systolic and diastolic pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.
Hair follicles
integumentary system, generate hair
subcutaneous layer
integumentary system, loose, connective tissue composed of adipose tissue and lipocytes
Epidermis layer
integumentary system, outermost layer of epithelial tissue, covers external surface of the bodey
sebaceous (oil) glands
integumentary system, produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft, and prevent bacteria from growing on the skin
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
integumentary system, produce sweat to aid in cooling the body
Fingernails and toenails
integumentary system, protect the ends of fingers and toes
Dermis layer
integumentary system, thick layer beneath the dermis that contains arteries, veins, and nerves
restatement
interviewing technique of repeating or paraphrasing information relayed by the sender to confirm accuracy
clarification
interviewing technique of summarizing the information relayed by the sender to clear up any confusion
active listening
interviewing technique that allow the receiver to fully understand the message being communicated
nonverbal communication
interviewing technique that includes gestures and actions that leave interpretation up to the receiver
open-ended questions
interviewing technique that uses questions that leave to further explanation (vs. yes or no response)
reflection
interviewing technique when the receiver focuses on the main idea of the message but incorporates feelings the sender might be exhibiting or possibly feeling
antibiotics
kill bacteria
antifungals
kill fungi
antivirals
kill viruses
hypoxia
lacking oxygen in the body
viruses
microorganism that requires living tissue to survive and grow
fungi
microorganisms that grow on or in animals and plants, not normally pathogenic
vastus lateralis muscle injection
mid to upper outer thigh; 90 degree angle
medial
midline
mole or cyst removal
mole that change color, size, or texture should be evaluated for signs of cancer, cysts are collections of fluid that can be infectious local anesthetic (xylocaine), scalpel, or punch device, suture supplies obtain a detailed history regarding the change in the mole(s), obtain a family history regarding melanoma, all specimens should be sent to the laboratory for evaluation, instruct the patient to monitor the wound for infection and return for follow-up suture removal and care
molluscipoxvirus
molluscum contagiosum warts; contact
Epstein-Barr
mononucleosis; contact with saliva
oral
mouth, stomach (nasogastric, gastrostomy tubes), intestines, (nasoenteric tube) CCMA permitted to administer
mumps
mumps; airborne, droplet
nasal
nose, CCMA permitted to administer
naturally acquired active immunity
occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response
intradermal injection
on forearm, one hand width from the wrist and one hadn't width from the elbow, also can use upper back; 10 to 15 degree angle
lithotomy
on the back, flexing the legs on abducted thighs
topical/transdermal
on the skin, CCMA permitted to administer
glucocorticoid
one of several hormones that have many functions, both natural in the body and as a medication, including suppression of inflammation
laceration
open injury that is jagged in nature and caused by a sharp object, bleeding can be profuse; apply pressure until bleeding is controlled, clean gently (rigorous cleaning can reinitiate bleeding), apply bandage
incision
open injury, typically caused by a short object causing a straight cut, bleeding can be profuse; apply pressure until bleeding is controlled, clean gently (rigorous cleaning can reinitiate bleeding), apply bandage
basic principles in maintaining a sterile field
open packages so they can easily drop onto the sterile field or be grasped by the provider without touching the outer wrapper, lip the bottle of the liquids prior to pouring into sterile containers, do not leave a sterile field unattended, reach over a sterile filed, or turn your back to a sterile field, medication vials should be cleaned with alcohol prior to holding with two hands for the provider to inject the needle into
Setting up for the procedure
open the flaps of a sterile packet or mayo stand cover away form you, then open the closest flap, at least 1 inch around the sterile file dis considered non sterile, so do not place items in this area.
puncture
open wound that is caused by an instrument that delivers a stab, usually small with limited bleeding; apply pressure if bleeding, clean and/or flush to remove debris, apply bandage
hydrocodone plus acetaminophen
opioid (narcotic) analgesic
oxycodone
opioid (narcotic) analgesic
Suspension
oral
caplets
oral
capsules
oral
elixirs
oral
emulsions
oral
lozenges
oral
solid extracts, fluid extracts
oral
syrups
oral
tablets
oral, buccal, sublingual, vaginal
tinctures
oral, topical
gels
oral, topical, rectal
solutions
oral, topical, vaginal, urethral, rectal (enemas)
multi-cellular parasites
organisms such as lice, worms an bed bugs that can cause infections and infestations
drops
otic, ophthalmic, nasal
external
outside
peripheral
outside the central area
analgesic
pain reliever
Helicobacter pylori
peptic ulcer disease; fecal-oral, oral-anal, possibly others
intraperitoneal
peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
bilateral
pertaining to both sides
adenovirus
pharyngitis; droplet, direct contact
Enterobius vermicularis
pinworms; fecal-oral
ventrogluteal muscle injection
place heel of hand on greater trochanter, middle finger on iliac crest, spread fingers, give the injection where the V is made between the index finger and middle finger; 90 degree angle
Yersinia pestis
plague; vector (fleas, rodents)
Haemophilus influenzae
pneumonia, epiglottis meningitis; droplet
Streptococcus pneumoniae
pneumonia; airborne, droplet, contact
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia; droplet
anticonvulsants
prevent or control seizures
contraceptives
prevent pregnancy
laxatives, stool softeners
promote bowel movements
precautions during CPR
proper hand placement to avoid injuring patient, use of disposable gloves and CPR mouth barriers to prevent exposure to body fluids
Vitamin E
protection of cells from destruction, formation of blood cells
Vitamin B12 (cobalamins)
protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development
Internists
provide comprehensive care of adults, often diagnosing and treating chronic, long-term conditions. They also offer treatment for common illnesses and preventive care.
endoplasmic reticulum
provides networks of passageways for moving various substances within the cytoplasm
rabies
rabies; vector (infected animal)
Fowler's
raising the head of the bed up to 90 degrees
triage
ranking based on the most critical to the least critical
antihistamines
receive allergies
antimigraine agents
receive migraine headaches
signs of infection
redness and swelling at or around the site, feeling hot to touch, drainage (other than clear), foul order from the site, fever, malaise, red streaks extending from t eh wound (lymphangitis)
anxiolytics
reduce anxiety
oral hypoglycemics
reduce blood glucose
anticholingerics
reduce bronchospasm
antidiarrheals
reduce diarrhea
antipyretics
reduce fever
central nervous system stimulants
reduce hyperactivity
anti-inflammatories
reduce inflammation
antiemetics
reduce nausea, vomiting
antispasmodics/muscle relaxants
reduce or prevent muscle spasms
naturally acquired passive immunity
short-lasting immunity passed from mother to child through the placenta and breast milk
dyspnea
shortness of breath
bronchodilators
relax airway muscles
antidepressants
relieve depressions
decongestants
relieve nasal congestion
excretion
removal of a medication's metabolites from the body through urine or feces, and also saliva, bile, sweat glands, breast milk and exhaled air
suture/staple removal
remove every other suture or staple while observing the site, if there is any gaping stop and notify the provider, account for total number of staples and sutures that were used to close the wound.
uterus
reproductive system, A hollow muscular organ, lies low in pelvic cavity. Receives fertilized egg, which implants into uterine wall for fetal development. In nonpregat female, the lining sloughs off monthly, causing menstruation. The lower portion is the cervix, which creates a barrier between this organ and the vagina and dilates during childbirth.
scrotum
reproductive system, a pouch of skin that houses the testes
perineum
reproductive system, area between the vagina and anus
epididymis
reproductive system, coiled tube located superior to each teste, responsible for maturation of sperm cells
vas deferenus
reproductive system, connects the epididymis to the urethra
penis
reproductive system, external cylinder-shaped organ that moves urine and semen out of the body
labia majora
reproductive system, folds of skin and adipose tissue that protect other external female genitalia
labia minora
reproductive system, folds of skin within the labia majora, pinkish in color due to high blood circulation, forms a hood over the clitoris
estrogen
reproductive system, group of female sex hormones
androgens
reproductive system, group of male sex hormones
clitoris
reproductive system, highly sensitive female erectile tissue located anterior to the urethra
progesterone
reproductive system, hormone secreted by ovaries
bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)
reproductive system, inferior to the prostate gland, secrete fluid to lubricate the end of the penis to prepare for intercourse
estradiol
reproductive system, most abundant and biologically active female hormone
testosterone
reproductive system, most abundant and biologically active of male sex hormones
vagina
reproductive system, muscular tube extending from the uterus to the outside of the body. Expands during intercourse and childbirth
fallopian tubes
reproductive system, muscular tubes with proximal opening near each ovary, connects distally to uterus. receives egg during ovulation
seminal vesicles
reproductive system, sac-like organs that secrete seminal fluid. this fluid stimulates muscle contractions in the female reproductive organs to aid in propelling sperm forward
prostate gland
reproductive system, surrounds the proximal urethra, contracts during ejaculation to aid in forward movement of sperm. secretes fluid that protects sperm within the vagina
trachea
respiratory system, also called the windpipe, extends from larynx and branches into bronchi, lined with cilia
nose
respiratory system, made of bones, cartilage and skin. contains small hairs called cilia to prevent large particles from entering
larynx
respiratory system, superior to the trachea. produces a person's voice
lungs
respiratory system, two cone shaped organs located in the chest. Contain bronchi, alveoli, and any blood vessels. the right is larger and divided into three lobes, the left two lobes surrounded by the pleura
dextro
right
rights of medication administration
right patient right medication right dose right route right time right assessment right to refuse right technique right documentation right reason right to know right evaluation
irrigation solution
should be tepid or room temperature, irritants that are too cold can lead to dizziness or discomfort, too hot can lead to discomfort, pain or even burns
A medical assistant is assisting a provider with an abdominal examination. When the provider palpates the major portion of the liver, the assistant should recognize that he is palpating which of the following abdominal quadrants? a right upper b right lower c left upper d left lower
right upper
Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans (dermatophytes)
ringworm; contact
bacillus bacteria
rod shaped
rotavirus
rotavirus; fecal-oral
coccus bacteria
round shaped
Ascaris lumbricoides
roundworm; contact with contaminated soil
Rhinorrhea
runny nose
Sarcoptes scabiei
scabies; contact
includes substances that have a high potential for abuse and no approved medical use in the United States
schedule I
includes substances that have a high potential for abuse, are considered dangerous, and can lead to psychological and physical dependence, in some states, must have handwritten prescriptions
schedule II
includes substances that have a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, can be refilled up to five times within 6 months
schedule III
includes substances that have a low potential for abuse and dependence, patients may refill up to five times within 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone
schedule IV
includes substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics. may be refilled five times within 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone
schedule V
abrasion
scrape or rub, superficial wound often affecting the knees, elbows; apply pressure if bleeding, clean and/or flush to remove debris, apply bandage
zolpidem
sedative-hypnotic (for sleep)
The USDA required food labels to include which elements
serving size, calories per serving, grams of different types of fat, amounts of sodium, potassium, cholesterol, total carbohydrates, sugar, and protein, percentage of recommended daily values for some vitamins and minerals
anaplylaxis
severe allergic reaction in which there is circulatory shutdown and respiratory distress, which results in shock; extreme emergency: provide basic life support, administer oxygen and epinephrine based on provider order, call 911
burns
severity is based on location, extent of body surface affected and degree of tissue involvement, classified as first-degree (first layer of tissue; sunburn), second degree (involve subcutaneous tissue and will blister), and their-degree (involve muscle and possibly bone; appear dry and charred), can be electrical, chemical or thermal; remove the patient form the source, flush profusely with cool water, do not remove clothing, unless chemical burn, monitor vital signs and observe for shock, assess body area affected using the rule of nines
Korotkoff sounds phase III
sharp tapping sounds are noted as even more blood is surging
Shigella sonnei
shigellosis; fecal-oral
lateral
side, away from the middle
bacteria
sing-cell microorganism that reproduces rapidly and causes many different infections. It can survive without other living tissue.
Fowler's position
sitting position with the back of the exam table raised to a 90 degree angle; exams involving the eyes, ears, nose, throat, chest
Ligament
skeletal system, attaches bone to bone for joint stability
Short Bones
skeletal system, found in the wrist and ankle, typically small and round.
Long Bones
skeletal system, have epiphysis, diaphysis and medullary cavity containing yellow bone marrow. the end of long bones are covered by articular cartilage to allow joint movement without causing friction.
Flat Bones
skeletal system, majority of surface area is flat or slightly curved.
sesamoid bones
skeletal system, small, round bones found in joints that are held in place by tendons.
Appendicular skeleton
skeletal system, the adult appendicular skeleton has 126 bones including arms, legs and pelvic girdle
Axial skeleton
skeletal system, the adult axial skeleton has 80 bones including the skull, vertebrae and ribs
Irregular bones
skeletal system, unusual shape that is typically related to their function.
intradermal
skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back, CCMA permitted to administer
oblique
slanting, on an incline
Variola major
smallpox; contact, fomites
dressings stuck to wound
soak in sterile saline or sterile water prior to removal
Korotkoff sounds phase IV
sound changes to a soft tapping sound which beings to muffle
Pathologists
specialize in body tissues, blood, urine, and other body fluids to diagnose or treat medical conditions.
dermatologist
specialize in conditions of the skin
Urologists
specialize in disorders of the urinary tract
Ophthalmologists
specialize in eye conditions
Psychiatrists
specialize in mental disorders and conditions
Pediatricians
specialize in newborn, infant, child, and adolescent health care
neonatologists
specialize in the care of newborns
Obstetricians
specialize in the care of women during and after pregnancy
hormone replacement
stabilize hormone deficiencies
dressings
sterile, cover wounds
suture removal equipment
stich or suture scissors, and forceps
Streptococcus pyogenes
strep throat, rheumatic fever, septicemia; droplet
nuclear membrane
structure that surrounds the nucleus
chief complaint
subjective information, reason for the office visit
golgi apparatus
synthesizes carbohydrates and sorts the proteins the ribosome is supporting
Treponema pallidum
syphilis; sexual
Korotkoff sounds phase I
systolic pressure
adult elevated bp
systolic readings between 120 and 129 mm Hg
caudal
tail (Coccygeal ara)
Diphyllobothrium latum
tapeworm; food borne (raw, infected fish)
what status must be obtained for the provider in any event of a wound (open or closed)
tetanus immunization
Clostridium tetani
tetanus; contact through a deep cut
absorption
the body converts the medication into form the body can use and moves it into the bloodstream , speed depends on how easily the medication dissolves in fat.
etiology
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
electrodessication
the drying of tissue by a high-frequency electric current applied with a needle-shaped electrode (also called fulguration)
ureters
urinary system, long tubes responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
systolic pressure
the first sound heard during a blood pressure reading, when the blood begins to surge into the artery that has been occlude by the inflation of the blood pressure cuff
Korotkoff sounds
the five phases of articular relaxation that are audible while obtaining a manual blood pressure
infection
the invasion and proliferation of pathogens in body tissues
diastolic pressure
the last sound heard during the blood pressure reading, it is noted when the last sound disappears completely and the blood is flowing freely
prevalence
the number of active cases of a disease or injury
cell wall
the outermost layer of the cell that maintains its shape and protects it
cryosurgery
the process of exposing tissues to extreme cold temperatures to destroy cells, may be performed for conditions such as warts or cervical dysplasia canister with liquid nitrogen, cryoprobe provide patient support and instructions, (the patient should expect to have discomfort as the tissue warms) assist with procedure
curettage
the removal of tissue or growths from a body cavity, such as the uterus, by scraping with a curette
Where is the electrical impulse for the heart generated?
the sinoatrial or SA node
cell membrane
the thin, outermost structure of human cells. it is selectively permeable
distribution
the transportation of the medication throughout the body, there are some barriers to consider, blood-brain barrier can make this harder, however, the placental barrier can make some medications dangerous to take while pregnant
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
these plans have more flexibility than HMO plans. An insured person doesn't need a PCP, but can go directly to a specialist without referrals. Although patients can see providers in or out of their network, an in-network provider usually costs less.
metabolism
this changes active forms of the medication into harmless metabolites ready for excretion through urine or feces. The liver is the primary organ but the kidneys are also part of this step
radial pulse
thumb side of wrist, most common site for taking an adult pulse
levothyroxine
thyroid hormone
liniments
topical
lotions
topical
powders
topical
patches
topical (transdermal)
sprays
topical, nasal, inhalation, sublingual
ointments
topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, rectal
creams
topical, vaginal, rectal
Posterior (dorsal)
toward the back of the body
proximal
toward the center or point of attachment
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front of the body
Toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasmosis; food borne, vector (animal), transplacental (pregnant patient to fetus)
urinary bladder
urinary system, small muscular sac located within the pelvic cavity that is responsible for storing urine
Trichinella spiralis
trichinosis; foodborne (undercooked pork)
Trichomonas vaginalis
trichomoniasis; sexual
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
tuberculosis; airborne, droplet
rotation
turning around an axis
eversion
turning outward or inside out
Rickettsia prowazekii
typhus; vector (tick)
subcutaneous
under the skin of the abdomen, anterior thighs, upper outer arm, upper back (under the shoulder), CCMA permitted to administer
sublingual
under the tongue, CCMA permitted to administer
urethral
urethra, CCMA permitted to administer according to office policy
Kidneys
urinary system, located on either side of the vertebral column at the level of the top lumbar vertebrae. the kidneys are responsible for removing waste from the blood and producing urine
colonoscopy/hysteroscopy
using an instrument to inspect the vaginal area dan cervix or the uterus and deliver treatments or perform diagnostic testing, cryosurgery, ionization, or biopsies may be included colposcope/hysteroscope, exam table with stirrups the patient will be in the lithotomy position and will experience discomfort and pressure, provide with patient instructions, assist with provider as needed, all specimens should be properly collected and prepared for transport to the laboratory, this procedure should not be performed white the patient is having menses
foams
vaginal
suppositories
vaginal, rectal
vaginal
vaginal/vulva, CCMA permitted to administer, according to office policy
diuretic
water pill
BMI
weight (kg) / height (m^2), ( weight (lb) / height (in^2) ) x 703
Bordetella pertussis
whooping cough; airborne
intra-articular
within a joint
abdominal cavity
within the abdomen, houses several major organs
Cranial Cavity
within the bony cranium, houses the meninges (brain)
thoracic cavity
within the chest, houses the lungs, heart, and major vessels