CCMA Practice

A medical assistant should identify which of the following as a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

a excessive exercising

pediculosis

Causes: Parasitic lice infestation Symptoms: Skin itching, Nits (eggs) in hair, particularly near roots Treatments: Prescription or OTC lice treatments/shampoos

Distal

Farther away from the trunk

Deep

Farther from the body's surface

A medical assistant must invert anticoagulant tubes to prevent which of the following? a hemolysis b clotting c hemoconcentration d reflux

b clotting

A clinic schedules all cardiac patients on Mondays and Wednesdays and all oncology patients on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Which of the following types of scheduling is the clinic using? a stream scheduling b cluster scheduling c wave scheduling d modified-wave scheduling

b cluster scheduling

When choosing a diagnosis code, a medical assistant should consider which of the following actions in order to avoid an insurance denial?

b coding to the highest level of specificity

Which of the following items included on the CMS-1500 claim form should a medical assistant recognize as indicating the medical necessity of a procedure?

b diagnosis code

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis

Epidural

epidural space (spine)

sildenafil

erectile dysfunction agent

Head circumference

children 3 years and younger; as part of a complete physical exam or if growth concerns are present

diuretics

eliminate excess fluid

Thyroid gland

endocrine system, T3 and T4, Calcitonin, cellular metabolism, increases bone calcium

adrenal glands

endocrine system, aldosterone, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, regulates electrolytes and fluid volume, regulates carbohydrates, fight-or-flight response, vasoconstrictor

pituitary gland, posterior

endocrine system, antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

hypothalamus

endocrine system, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, stimulates reabsorption of water in kidneys, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

pineal gland

endocrine system, melatonin, regulates onset of puberty, biological clock

parathyroid gland

endocrine system, parathyroid hormone, regulates calcium

Ovaries

endocrine system, reproductive system, ova, estrogen, progesterone, development of secondary sex characteristics in females, regulates menses, prepares the body for pregnancy, pair of oval-shaped organs located within the pelvic cavity.

testes

endocrine system, reproductive system, testosterone, sperm production, secondary sex characteristics in males located below the pelvic cavity on the outside of the body, within the scrotum

anterior

front

Campylobacter jejuni

food poisoning; contaminated food and fluids

Eye and ear injruies

foreign bodies are the most common cause, trauma is another cause, characterized by pain, decrease or sensitivity in hearing or vision; prevent further trauma by limiting contact, cover the eye or ear to decrease sensitivity, administer eye and ear irrigations based on provider direction

Lateral

further away from the midline of the body

Clostridium perfringens

gas gangrene; contact (wounds)

liver

gastrointestinal system, a large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, produces bile needed to break down fats

large intestine

gastrointestinal system, also called the colon, absorption is completed here and the feces is formed from solid waste products. divided into cecum (connects to ileum; where the appendix is located), ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon sections

pancreas

gastrointestinal system, endocrine system, posterior to the stomach, and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion, glucagon, insulin, increases blood sugar, decreases blood sugar

stomach

gastrointestinal system, located below the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. Receives food from esophagus and continues breakdown using gastric juices

Gallbladder

gastrointestinal system, located inferior to the liver. Stores bile and connects to duodenum

esophagus

gastrointestinal system, muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. Uses wave-like contractions called peristalsis to propel food into the stomach

pharynx

gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, throat or the passageway for food between the oral cavity and the esophagus, during respiration, air enters through the nose and mouth into the organ.

iron

formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells for oxygen transport, contributor to enzymes and protein

mouth (oral cavity)

gastrointestinal system, responsible for initiating digestion, both mechanical (chewing) and chemical (saliva)

small intestine

gastrointestinal system, takes up most of the space within the abdominal cavity. Primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients. Divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum sections

rectum

gastrointestinal system, the end of the colon that stores feces until defecation

anus

gastrointestinal system, the end of the rectum, opens to the outside of the body to allow for elimination of feces

tendon

muscular system, ends of skeletal muscles that attach the muscle to the bone

Sims'

lateral with one knee and thigh up

sinistro

left

Trendelenburg/modified Trendelenburg

legs elevated above the head to force circulation to vital organs; shock, requires a specific table

Mycobacterium leprae

leprosy; airborne, droplet

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

less potential to raise cholesterol levels, they are less dense and heavy

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Dietary Modifications

low fat not spicy no coffee, mints, or chocolate

Malabsorption Syndromes Dietary Modifications

low fiber supplements low fat small meals frequently

hyponatremia

low sodium in the blood

antihypertensives

lower blood pressure

antilipemics

lower cholesterol

recumbent

lying down

Prone position

lying flat on the abdomen with the arms above the head; exams involving the back of the body including the bottoms of the feet

Supine Position

lying flat on the back with the arms down to the side; exams involving the front of the body; administration of CPR

Dorsal recumbent position

lying flat on the back with the knees bent; catheterizations, genital examination of younger children, adolescents

Lithotomy Position

lying flat on the table with buttocks at the end of the table and feet resting in stirrups; female pelvic exams

prone

lying on the abdomen

supine

lying on the back

dorsal recumbent

lying on the back with knees up and feet flat on the table

Jack-knife position

lying over an exam table that is lifted in the middle; rectal exams or instrumentation (flexible sigmoidoscopy)

Trendelenburg

lying with the head lower than the legs

Folate

maintenance of red blood cells, genetic material development

intravenous (IV)

major veins, most often in the arms and hands, or via central venous access devices

Plasmodium parasites

malaria; vector (mosquito)

BMI Formula

mass/height^2 = kg/m^2

measles

measles; airborne, droplet

mortality

measures the amount of deaths in an area or population

morbidity

measures the sickness or disease within a specific population or area

Group B streptococcus

meningitis; droplet

Listeria monocytogenes

meningitis; droplet

Neisseria meningitidis

meningitis; droplet

cardiac muscle

muscular system, found only in the heart, cross-fibered to allow the heart to contract from the top and bottom in order to pump blood

smooth muscle

muscular system, found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and in the iris of the eye, also called involuntary muscle

skeletal muscle

muscular system, responsible for body movement, and is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

bronchospasm

narrowing or constriction of the airways that interferes with breathing

brain

nervous system, coordinates most body activities, and is the control center for the body as well as thought, emotion, and judgement. Divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

nucleus

nervous system, directs cellular activities

neuron

nervous system, functional unit of the nervous system

dendrites

nervous system, has multiple branching structures

peripheral nerves

nervous system, includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves branching off from the spinal cord. carries nerve signals between the body and the brain.

cytoplasm

nervous system, produces neurotransmitters and energy for the neuron

spinal cord

nervous system, provides a pathway for nerve impulses traveling to and from the brain, and extends from the base of the brain to the lumbar vertebrae through he vertebral column

axon

nervous system, stores neurotransmitters

antacids/anti-ulcer

neutralize stomach acid

bandages

non-sterile, cover dressings

What term describes the usual environment of micro-organisms in the human body?

normal-flora

pulse oximetry

patients who have chronic lung disease or respiratory symptoms; as needed based on symptoms and condition

Pediculus humanus capitis

pediculosis (head lice); contact with infested hair

Phthirus pubis

pubic lice ("crabs"); contact with infested pubic hair

hepatologists

specialize in the study of body parts such as the liver, biliary tree, gallbladder, and pancreas

Radiologists

specialize in the use of x-rays, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to detect abnormalities throughout the body.

Spirillium bacteria

spiral shaped

urethra

urinary system, tube responsible for carrying urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body, Longer in males due to pelvic shape and position of the prostate

human immunodeficiency

AIDS; bloodborne, sexual

Preschool (3 to 5 years) average heart rate

80 to 120/min

Toddler (1 to 3 years) average heart rate

80 to 130/min

Infant (1 - 12 months) average heart rate

80 to 140/min

Calcium channel blocker

A medication that prevents the entry of calcium ions into the cells of the body, which can lower blood pressure and treat cardiac pain and dysfunction

tincture

A medicinal preparation in an alcohol base, sometimes for oral and sometimes for topical use

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

"hot tub rash"; contaminated water

A medical assistant is determining the amount a patient will be required to pay for a scheduled procedure that has an allowable amount of $200. The patient has a 90/10 coinsurance and has met his deductible. Which is the total amount the patient will pay the provider for this procedure? a $20 b $30 c $40 d $50

$20

Body Surface Area dosing

( BSA of child in m^2 / 1.7 m^2 ) x adult dose = child dose

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

15 drops (gtt)

1 mL

A 25-year-old male patient should limit oil to how many teaspoons per day?

7 tsp

School-age (6 to 15 years) average heart rate

70 to 100/min

1 kilometer

1,000 meter

deltoid muscle injection

1-2 inches below the acromion, 90 degree angle

How many calories per gram of fiber?

1.5-2.5 calories

1 miligram

1/1,000 gram

1 microgram

1/1,000,000 gram

1 centimeter

1/100 meter

In the MyPlate fruit group, how much dried fruit counts as 1 cup?

1/2 cup

respiratory rate in adults

12 to 20/min

Newborn (birth to 1 month) average heart rate

120 to 160/min

stage 1 hypertension

130-139/80-89 mmHg

1 tablespoon

15 mL

Normal BMI

18.5 to 24.9

hypochlorite solution

1:10 dilution of household bleach to water, disinfectant for room cleaning

Recommended amount of daily water intake

2-3 L, 64-96 oz

1 kilogram

2.2 pounds

How many cups of vegetables should a 45-year-old female patient consume each day?

2.5 cups

intramuscular needle

20 to 23 gauge; 1 to 3 inches (depending on muscle and patient size)

1 cup

240 mL

subcutaneous needle

25 to 26 gauge; 1/2 inch, 5/8 inch

Intradermal needle

27 to 28 gauge; 3/8 inch

1 gallon

3,830 mL

1 oz

30 mL

respiratory rate in newborns

30 to 50/min

How many calories per gram of carbohydrate

4 calories

How many calories per gram of protein?

4 calories

subcutaneous injection

45 degree angle

1 pint

480 mL

1 teaspoon

5 mL

How many ounce equivalents of protein should a 70-year-old female patient consume each day?

5 oz

Recommended amount of daily protein

5-6 oz

Adult (older than 15 years) average heart rate

60-100/min

infants and children average bp

60/30 to 100/80 mm Hg

How many calories per gram of fat?

9 calories

normal pulse oximetry

95% or higher

1 quart

960 mL

normal axillary temperature

97.6 F (36.4 C)

normal oral, tympanic and temporal temp

98.6°F (37°C)

Normal rectal temperature

99.6 F (37.6 C)`

Which of the following is the largest and uppermost section of the brain?

A cerebrum

pathogen

A disease causing agent

A medical assistant is preparing a patient who has anemia for an examination by the provider. Which of the following manifestations should the assistant expect to find?

A irregular heartbeat

general practitioner (GP)

A medical doctor who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education to patients.

antiplatelet

A medication that helps delay blood clotting. This medication differs from an anticoagulant because it affects arterial as well as venous blood.

suppository

A small, solid, cylinder-shaped medication for insertion into the rectum or vagina; solid at room temperature, dissolves at body temperature

proton-pump inhibitor

A specific type of medication that reduces stomach acid

what type of cell in the human body has flagellum

A sperm cell has a flagellum, a tail-like appendage that helps it swim toward egg cells

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A, D, E, K

5th Stage of Grief

Acceptance

peripheral edema

Accumulation of fluid causing swelling in tissues, usually in the lower extremities

EKG

Adults (uncommon for children in ambulatory care); as part of a complete physical in middle-aged adults or if experiencing chest pains

what term describes bacteria that can live without air?

Anaerobic bacteria do not need air to grow

2nd Stage of Grief

Anger

epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

Cause: overuse of elbow causing tiny ligament tears Symptoms: swelling, tenderness, grip weakness diagnosis: physical exam, X-ray, MRI treatment: rest, ice, NSAIDs, forearm strap, extended break from aggravating activity

pyelonephritis

Causes: Bladder infection that spreads to kidneys Symptoms: Fatigue, Fever, Painful urination, Cloudy or bloody urine Treatments: Antibiotics

lymphedema

Causes: Parasitic infection, Trauma, Surgical removal of lymph nodes symptoms: Persistent tissue swelling Treatments: Compression stockings, Lymphedema pump, Surgery

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear

Cause: plant and twist motion of the foot and knee Symptoms: pain, swelling, knee buckling diagnosis: physical exam, radiographic confirmation (typically MRI) Treatment: RICE, surgical repair, allograft, physical therapy

Tuberculosis (TB)

Causes: Bacterial Symptoms: Chronic cough, Weight loss, Fatigue, Night sweats, Painful or difficult breathing Treatments: Isolation if symptomatic, Medication therapy for 6 to 12 months

3rd Stage fo Grief

Bargaining

Donepezil

Anti-Alzheimers

Esomeprazole

Anti-ulcer agent, proton-pump inhibitor

Fluticasone/salmeterol

Antiasthma, glucocorticoid, bronchodilator

Amoxicillin

Antibiotic

Azithromycin

Antibiotic

Cephalexin

Antibiotic

Enoxaparin

Anticoagulant

Duloxetine

Antidepressant

Escitalopram

Antidepressant

Amlodipine Besylate

Antihypertensive-Calcium Channel Blocker

Fenofibrate

Antilipemic

Clopidogrel

Antiplatelet Agent

Aripiprazole

Antipsychotic

intra-arterial

Arteries (to break up clots)

The medical assistant drops an instrument on the floor while setting up a sterile tray for a procedure. He picks up the instrument and places it back on the sterile field. A few days after the procedure, the patient calls the office, concerned that the area surrounding the procedure site is infected. Which of the following torts has the assistant committed?

B negligence

Water-Soluble Vitamins

B, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, C

Joint dislocation (subluxations)

Cause: impact injury removing bones from proper joint alignment symptoms: pain, loss of sensation, immobility diagnosis: physical exam, x-ray, MRI, CT treatment: realignment of bones, immobilization, physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles, surgery for repeated incidences

Calcium

Bone and tooth development, nerve and muscle function, normal blood clotting

Seizures

Causes: Birth trauma, Infections, Brain injury, Head trauma, Drug withdrawal Symptoms: Uncontrolled muscle contractions, Loss of consciousness, Visual disturbances Treatments: Medication, Brain surgery

Albuterol

Bronchodilator

A medical assistant is performing a fecal occult blood test using a guaiac card. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

C interpret a blue color as a positive result

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Magnesium

Carbohydrate and protein metabolism, muscle contraction and structure

Vitamin B (Thiamine)

Carbohydrate metabolism, heart, nerve and muscle function

Korotkoff sounds phase II

a swishing sound as more blood flows through the artery

pulmonary embolism

Causes: Blood clot blocking an artery in the lung Symptoms: Dyspnea, Chest pain, Cough, Fainting, Rapid onset of shortness of breath, Diaphoresis Treatments: Circulation support (compression hose), Rest, Anticoagulant medication, Surgically implanted filter

coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis)

Causes: Buildup of fat and cholesterol in arteries, Risk factors: high-fat diet, high LDL levels, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle Symptoms: Usually no symptoms prior to heart attack Treatments: Lipid-lowering medications, Low-fat diet, Exercise, Smoking cessation, Coronary artery bypass grafting in severe cases

acute kidney failure

Causes: Burns, Dehydration, Hemorrhage, Low blood pressure, Trauma Symptoms: Little to no urine production, Swelling in extremities, Mental confusion, Coma, Seizures, Nose bleeds Treatments: Increase dietary protein, Fluid and potassium intake regulation, Dialysis

Pulmonary edema

Causes: Congestive heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Heart valve disorder, Drowning, Injury Symptoms: Orthopnea, Dyspnea, Wheeze, Productive cough, Weight gain, Pallor Treatments: Oxygen therapy, Diuretics

ringworm

Causes: Contact with causative fungus Symptoms: Flat, circular lesions (dry/scaly or moist/crusty) Treatments: Topical and oral antifungal medication

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Causes: Coronary artery blockage, Atherosclerosis, Blood clot Symptoms: Squeezing chest pain that can radiate to shoulder/arm/neck/jaw, Shortness of breath, Diaphoresis, Dizziness, Nausea Treatments: Aspirin, CPR if unconscious, Defibrillation, Anticoagulant medication, Immediate emergency protocol

angina

Causes: Coronary artery narrowing, Atherosclerosis Symptoms: Pain/tightness in chest Treatments: Sublingual nitroglycerin, Treatment of underlying condition

chronic kidney disease

Causes: Diabetes, Hypertension, Kidney stones, Polycystic kidney disease Symptoms: Headache, Seizures, Confusion, Fatigue, Anemia, Abnormal heart or lung sounds Treatments: Antibiotics, Blood transfusion, Control of blood pressure, Dialysis, Kidney transplant

Mononucleosis

Causes: Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus Symptoms: extreme fatigue, sore throat, fever Treatment: supportive care

Hydrocele

Causes: Failure of inguinal ring to close properly in development, Injury or swelling of the scrotum Conditions: Few symptoms, Pain, Increased size of scrotum Treatments: Surgery if symptomatic

celiac disease

Causes: Genetic defect, Lack of enzyme that breaks down gluten, Consumption of gluten triggers autoimmune reaction symptoms: Weight loss, Bloating, Loose stools, Eventual systemic organ wasting due to lack of nutrients, Malabsorption Treatment: Gluten-free diet

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Causes: HIV virus Symptoms: Low T-cell counts, Fever, Diaphoresis, Susceptibility to frequent infection, Weight loss Treatments: Antiretroviral medication to slow progression, Treatment of secondary infections with antibiotics, No cure

muscular dystrophy

Causes: Hereditary symptoms: Muscle weakness leading to eventual paralysis of muscle groups Treatments: Physical therapy, Bracing, Ambulatory devices, Medications

osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

Causes: Hereditary Symptoms: Dental issues, fractures at birth, loose joints, muscle weakness, respiratory issues, blue sclera of the eye, triangle-shaped face, small stature, spinal curvature Treatment: Fracture repair, surgery with metal rodding, physical therapy, bracing

migraine headache

Causes: Hormones, stress, dietary, familial Symptoms: Dull to throbbing head pain, sensitivity to light, sound, nausea, vomiting, visual aura Treatment: Medications, alternative methods (acupuncture, biofeedback, magnesium)

Constipation (difficulty eliminating feces)

Causes: Inactivity, Lack of fiber and water in diet, Medications Symptoms: Bloating, Abdominal pain, Hard feces Treatments: Increased dietary fiber and water, Physical activity

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Causes: Increased age, Increased level of dihydrotestosterone Symptoms: Feeling of full bladder after urinating, Weak urine flow, Needing to urinate often Treatments: Alpha blockers, Minimally invasive surgical procedures, Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Crohn's disease

Causes: Inflammatory bowel disease, Autoimmune Symptoms: Fever, Joint pain, Tender gums, Abnormal abdominal sounds, Constipation or diarrhea, Intestinal bleeding Treatments: Dietary changes, Antibiotics, Surgery

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Causes: Insoluble cholesterol and bile salt Symptoms: Can be asymptomatic, Radiating right upper quadrant pain, Fever, Nausea, vomiting Treatments: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Lithotripsy

legionnaires' disease

Causes: Legionella bacteria that grow in standing water symptoms: Dyspnea, Cough, Headache, Fever Treatments: Antibiotics, Respiratory medications, Oxygen, Fever medication (antipyretic)

squamous cell carcinoma

Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure, Less common than BCC Symptoms: Spreads to surrounding tissue, Most common on face and head Treatments: Curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, Cryosurgery, Laser therapy

systemic lupus erythematosus

Causes: Medications, Bacterial infections, Autoimmune symptoms: Fatigue, Body pain, Butterfly rash on face, Headaches, Nausea, Hair loss, Weight loss, Anemia, Shortness of breath Treatments: NSAIDs (steroids, topical creams)

dermatitis

Causes: Multiple causative agents, Contact with irritants Symptoms: Inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus Treatments: Treatment is based on cause, Corticosteroid creams, Oral steroids

incontinence

Causes: Nervous system disorders, Urinary tract infection (UTI), Bladder cancer, Prostate disorders Symptoms: Involuntary urination Treatments: Medication, Surgical removal of the prostate, Kegel exercises, Surgery

muscle of strain

Causes: Overexertion of a muscle not properly warmed up for activity level Symptoms: Pain, Swelling, "Tight" feeling Diagnosis: Physical exam, MRI Treatments: RICE, Avoiding physical strain to the area

cervical cancer

Causes: Particular strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) Symptoms: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Lower abdominal or pelvic pain, Abnormal vaginal discharge, Pain during sexual intercourse Treatments: Surgical intervention (partial or complete hysterectomy, removal of lymph nodes in affected regions), Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy

thrombophlebitis

Causes: Prolonged periods of inactivity, Hormone replacement therapy, Cancer, Paralysis, Thrombophlebitis Symptoms: Pain in affected area, Redness, Swelling Treatments: Heat, Compression stockings, Anticoagulant medication, Surgery

influenza

Causes: Respiratory virus Symptoms: Fever, Muscle pain, Fatigue, Sore throat, Rhinorrhea Treatments: Symptomatic, OTC analgesics for aches and fever, Antiviral medication

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Causes: Smoking, Obesity, Sedentary lifestyle, High-cholesterol diet, Hypertension Symptoms: Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Peripheral edema in legs, Irregular heartbeat Treatments: Medications to address tachycardia, Diuretic medication to treat edema, Antihypertensive medications

tetanus

Causes: Toxin produced by Clostridium tetani Symptoms: Muscle spasm in jaw and neck, Dyspnea, Fever, Irritability, Sweating and drooling Treatments: Antitoxin and antibiotic medications

endometriosis

Causes: Unknown Symptoms: Most have no symptoms, Pelvic pain, especially during menses, Painful urination and defecation, Infertility issues Treatments: NSAIDs, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, Oral contraceptives, Progestins, Surgical intervention

Bell's palsy

Causes: Unknown cause Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis of facial muscles, Facial numbness and drooping, Headache Treatments: NSAIDs, Pain relievers, Usually self-resolving

prostate cancer

Causes: Unknown, Genetics Symptoms: Pain, Erectile dysfunction, Dysuria Treatments: Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Surgery, Cryosurgery, Chemotherapy

sexually transmitted infections

Causes: Unprotected contact with infected tissue or fluids Symptoms: Varies depending on infection/disease, Pelvic or penile pain, Sores, Itching or discharge, Dysuriam, Body rash, Infertility Treatments: Varies depending on infection/disease, Medication, Cryosurgery, Immunizations

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Causes: Untreated STDs/STIs, Multiple sexual partners, Frequent douching Symptoms: Lower abdominal pain, Back pain, Fever, Rapid pulse, Vaginal discharge, Pain during sexual intercourse Treatments: Antibiotic treatment, Surgical intervention to treat scarring

Mitral valve prolapse

Causes: Usually unknown, Hereditary or related to nervous system disorders Symptoms: Mild cases usually have no symptoms, Severe cases can have shortness of breath and palpitations Treatments: None for mild cases, Medication to treat symptoms, Surgery to repair

Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine)

Causes: Viral or bacterial infection Symptoms: Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating Treatments: Treatment of underlying cause, Surgery

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Causes: Viral, Genetic, Immune system dysfunction Symptoms: Loss of ability to speak, walk, Double vision, Loss of balance, Weakness in arms/legs Treatments: Supportive, Medications to slow progression, No cure

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Causes: Viral. Symptoms: Fever, Headache, Dry cough. Treatment: Rest and Antiviral medication

stomach ulcer

Causes: bacterial infection, smoking, medication Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain Treatment: antibiotics, antacid medication, surgery

polycystic kidney disease

Causes: enlarged kidneys due to cysts, inherited Symptoms: hypertension, fatigue, anemia, heart murmurs Treatment: medication, draining of cysts, surgical removal of kidney

Renal calculi

Causes: highly concentrated urine, UTI, gout Symptoms: severe back or abdominal pain, fever, nausea, urgency Treatment: medication, surgery, lithotripsy

appendicitis

Causes: idiopathic inflammation of the appendix Symptoms: RLQ pain, loss of appetite, nausea Treatment: antibiotics, appendectomy

rotator cuff tear

Causes: repetitive stress of the shoulder joint Symptoms: pain, weakness, inability to raise arm over head Diagnosis: physical exam, x-ray, MRI Treatment: rest, NSAIDs, cortisone injection to shoulder joint, surgery

visual acuity (Snellen chart)

Children (adults vary); As part of a complete physical exam and some adult screening tests for work-related hire

Proximal

Closer to the trunk of the body

Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcosis; contact with poultry droppings

hematologists

Deal with blood and blood-producing organs. They often work with patients who have anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma.

1st Stage of Grief

Denial

4th Stage of Grief

Depression

Allergists

Evaluate disorders and diseases of the immune system. This includes adverse reactions to medications and food, anaphylaxis, problems related to autoimmune disease, and asthma.

Phosphorus

Formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, energy production

rubella

German measles; airborne, droplet

pituitary gland, anterior

Growth hormone, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, and Prolactin, stimulates body growth, stimulates skin pigment, regulates adrenal cortex, regulates thyroid gland, stimulates growth of ova and sperm, stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

What intervention breaks the chain of infection at its first link?

Hand hygiene

Histoplasma capsulatum

Histoplasmosis; airborne

injectable liquids

IV, IM, subcut, ID

powders for reconstitution

IV, IM, subcut, ID

Skin

Integumentary system, responsible for protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, and vitamin D production

Sims' (lateral) Position

Laying on left side with the left leg slightly flexed and the right leg flexed at a 90° angle. Can involve a pillow placed between the knees Exams involving the rectum, enemas

Legionella pneumophila

Legionnaire's disease; water aerosol

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme disease; vector (tick)

anesthesiologist

Manage pain or use sedation during surgical procedures.

Knee-Chest Position

Prone and bent at the waist resting on the knees with the arms above the head Gynecological or rectal exams, treatments of spinal adjustments

Potassium

Muscle contraction, fluid balance, nerve, muscle, and heart function

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Night vision, cell growth and maintenance, health of skin and mucous membranes

Vitamin K

Normal blood clotting, bone growth

family practitioner

Offer care to the whole family, from newborns to older adults.

ribosome

an organelle that contributes to protein synthesis

A medical assistant determines a patient's BMI to be 26.3. Is this patient underweight, of healthy weight, overweight, or obese?

Overweight

Capitation (partial or full)

Patients are assigned a per-member, per-month payment based on their age, ​race, sex, lifestyle, medical history, and benefit design. Payment rates are tied to expected usage regardless of how often the patient visits. Under partial models, only specific types or categories of services are paid on a basis of the plan

intrapleural

Pleural space (lungs)

Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pneumocystis carinii

Pneumocystis pneumonia; airborne

mitochondrion

an organelle that gives the cells energy

Saturated Fats

Primarily from meat products, solid at room temperature, can also raise LDL

Identify vs. Role Confusion

Psychosocial crisis for adolescents (12 to 20 years)

Trust vs. Mistrust

Psychosocial crisis for infants (birth to 18 months)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Psychosocial crisis for middle adults (35 to 65 years)

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Psychosocial crisis for older adults (65 years and older)

Initiative vs. Guilt

Psychosocial crisis for preschoolers (3 to 6 years)

Industry vs. Inferiority

Psychosocial crisis for school-age children (7 to 12 years)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Psychosocial crisis for toddlers (2 to 3 years)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Psychosocial crisis for young adults (20 to 35 years)

Pantothenic Acid

Release of energy from carbohydrates and fats

Rickettsia rickettsii

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; vector (tick)

anthropometric measurements

Screening tests that include height and weight (as well as head circumference in infants)

Semi-Fowler's Position

Seated leaning against the back of a table that has been raised to a 45° angle Exams involving the chest Exams that should be administered in a supine position but the patient is unable to lay flat Exams for patients experiencing shortness of breath

lysosome

an organelle whose function within the cell is digestion

What major mineral is responsible for fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, and muscle and nerve function?

Sodium

cardiologist

Specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels.

endocrinologist

Specialize in hormonal and glandular conditions. They often work with patients who have diabetes mellitus.

nephrologists

Specialize in kidney care and treating diseases of the kidneys.

gastroenterologist

Specialize in managing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: the stomach, intestines, esophagus, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum.

Otolaryngologists

Specialize in the ear, nose, and throat.

Oncologists

Specialize in the treatment and care of patients who have cancer

intrathecal

Subarachnoid space (brain)

In addition to weight gain, too much carbohydrate in the diet can lead to what complication?

Sugary treats can cause dental caries, or tooth decay

incidence

The rate of new (or newly diagnosed) cases of a disease or injury

artificially acquired active immunity

The result of administering a vaccination Antibodies are activated by the vaccine and develop memory to recognize the pathogen in the future

RICE

The treatment for many musculoskeletal system injuries (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

Accountable Care Organization (ACO)

These groups of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers come together voluntarily to provide coordinated high-quality care to their Medicare patients

global budget

This is a fixed total dollar amount paid annually for all care. However, participating providers can determine how money is spent. This type of coverage limits the level and the rate of increase of health care cost. They typically include a quality component as well.

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

This plan contracts with a medical center or group of providers to provide preventative and acute care for the insured person. These plans generally require referrals to specialists, as well as recertification and preauthorization for hospital admissions, outpatient procedures, and treatments

pay for performance

This reimbursement model compensates providers only if they meet certain measures for quality and efficiency. Generating quality benchmark measures connects provider reimbursement directly to the quality of care they provide.

Major Nutrients

Water, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Fiber, Vitamins, Minerals

When measuring a patient's respiratory rate, which of the following actions should a medical assistant take to ensure an accurate reading?

a count the respirations while the patient thinks his pulse is being obtained

A medical assistant is preparing to create a report about patients who have a family history of breast cancer. Which of the following types of software will allow the assistant to sort, retrieve, and combine information for this report? a database management b accounting and billing c appointment scheduling d word processor

a database managment

gynecologists

specialize in the female reproductive system and fertility disorders

A patient tells a medical assistant that his provider's office is incompetent, as there is no improvement in his condition. Which of the following is an appropriate response for the assistant to make?

a "I think that you feel your treatment is not effective"

Which of the following instructions should a medical assistant give to a patient when administering an enteric-coated tablet?

a "Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water"

A medication container states there is 250 mg of medication in each scored tablet. The provider orders 375 mg. How many tablets should the medical assistant give the patient a 1.5 tablets b 1 tablet c 2 tablets d 0.5 tablets

a 1.5 tablets

A medical assistant is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection for a patient. Which of the following needle sizes should the assistant choose?

a 1/2 - to 5/8 - inch needle, 25 gauge

A medical assistant should insert the needle at which of the following angles during a venipuncture?

a 15 degree angle

A medical assistant is caring for a patient who weighs 72 kg. What is the patient's weight in lb? a 158.4 lb b 32.7 lb c 115.2 lb d 45.1 lb

a 158.4 lb

A medical assistant is caring for a patient who is 5'7" tall. Which of the following is the patient's hight in centimeters a 170 cm b 145 cm c 114 cm d 26 cm

a 170 cm

When performing the palpatory method for obtaining blood pressure, which of the following indicated the level at which the medical assistant should inflate the cuff?

a 30 mm Hg above the radial pulse cessation

A medical assistant is caring for a 4-month-old infant who has a temperature of 100.4° F. Which of the following is the temperature when converted to Celsius? a 38° C b 36.5° C c 37.5° C d 34.2° C

a 38° C

A medical assistant is cleaning countertops and the other surfaces after a surgical procedure in a provider's office. Which of the following disinfectants should the assistant use for this purpose?

a A 1:10 bleach and water solution

In which of the following scenarios should a medical assistant choose a CPT modifier?

a For special circumstances applied to a procedure performed by the provider

A medical assistant is caring for a patient who has active tuberculosis. Which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used during the patient's care?

a N95 respirator

A medical assistant notices that the medical office is not providing personal protective equipment (PPE) for staff. Which of the following regulatory agencies should the assistant contact? a OSHA b CLIA c The Joint Commission d Department of Health and Human Services

a OSHA

Which of the following tests is granted waived status under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)?

a Rapid Strep test

A medical assistant is assisting a provider with the repair of a laceration on a patient's head. The provider's prescription for the procedure includes an injection of 10 mL of lidocaine with epinephrine. The assistant should recognize that which of the following is the purpose of the epinephrine in the local anesthetic? a To reduce bleeding at the site b To reduce the patient's blood pressure c To prevent an allergic reaction to the lidocaine d To decrease the likelihood of infection

a To reduce bleeding at the site

A medical assistant is caring for a child who has varicella zoster virus. The assistant should recognize that varicella is transferred through which of the following modes of transmission? a airborne b bloodborne c vector-borne d foodborne

a airborne

homeostasis

a balanced, stable state within the body

Which of the following is a medical assistant's role in pulmonary function testing (PFT)?

a coach the patient through the test

Spinal cavity

a continuation of the cranial cavity as it travels down the midline of the back

Which of the following techniques should a medical assistant use for the routine cleaning of EKG cables?

a disinfection

a patient who has vulvovaginal candidiasis asks a medical assistant for more information about her infection. The assistant should begin by explaining that candidiasis is which of the following types of infections? a fungal b bacterial c protozoan d helminthic

a fungal

A medical assistant is assisting with the physical examination of a patient who has scabies. Besides gloves, which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment should the assistant wear?

a gown

A medical assistant is reviewing a patient's recent medical history and notes that she has a healing fracture of a distal femur. Where on the patient's body should the assistant expect to find the injury? a just above the knee b just above the elbow c just below the hip d just below the shoulder

a just above the knee

A medical assistant needs to type a professional business letter from the office. Which of the following formats is appropriate?

a keep flush with the left margin

suspension

a liquid preparation consisting of solid particles dispersed throughout a liquid phase in which they are not soluble

Which of the following positions is appropriate for a pelvic examination?

a lithotomy

vector

a living thing that carries pathogens

beta blocker

a medication that by interfering with specific rector sites in the heart, can help lower heart rate and blood pressure and treat many other cardiovascular disorders

Mohs surgery

a method of excising skin cancers and microscopically examining each layer until the entire tumor is removed.

The laboratory report on a patient indicated a hemoglobin level of 7 gl/dL. Which of the following is the first action for the medical assistant to take?

a notify the provider

A medical assistant is preparing to administer a liquid, oral medication to a patient. Which of the following methods should the assistant use to ensure the correct dose is delivered?

a pour the medication to the prescribed dose in the medicine cup on a flat surface

Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH)

a primary care provider (PCP) coordinates treatment to make sure patients receive the required care when and where they need it, and in a way they can understand.

A patient is seen in an urgent care center for a laceration to the left foot. The provider evaluates the injury determines sutures are not needed, applies a dressing, and releases the patient. Which of the following levels of examination should a medical assistant use for the procedural coding for this visit? a problem-focused examination b expanded problem-focused examination c detailed examination d comprehensive examination

a problem focused examination

electrosurgery or electrocauterization

a pulse of electrical currents is sent through tissue to cauterize (or burn) tissue, used to minimize or stop bleeding, destroy small polyps, or break scar tissue electrocautery unit with foot pedal, grounding cable and pad inspect pad and cable prior to usage, avoid placing the pad on areas with excessive hair, over bony parts or over pacemakers or metal implants, note the condition of the area after treatment

A patient presents to an emergency department with a large laceration to the wrist that is bleeding profusely. Which of the following actions should the medical assistant take first?

a put on gloves

When assisting a provider with a punch biopsy of a mole, which of the following tasks should a medical assistant expect to perform? a receive and prepare tissue specimens for processing b swab fluids from the biopsy site c retract edges of the biopsy site d place sutures at the incision site

a receive and prepare tissue specimens for processing

A medical assistant is responsible for cleaning the instruments used in a minor surgery. Which of the following is the first step in this process

a sanitization

artificially acquired passive immunity

a short-lasting immunity, this is created by giving an exposed person antibodies from a person who has previously had the disease

protozoa

a single-cell parasite that can be microscopic or large enough to see without a microscope

endoscopy

a small tube with a light and camera is inserted into the upper or lower gastrointestinal system or through a small incision to access a body cavity for inspection or minor procedures such as biopsies, typically done in a specialty office gastroscope, laparoscope, hysteroscope (depends on area of inspection) with cables and light sources inspect equipment prior to and after use, assist with patient positioning and support, avoid touching skin with light source, which could be very hot, package specimens and prepare for transport

leukotriene inhibitor

a specific type of medication that treats asthma by relaxing tight or constricted airways and inflammation in the airways

A patient informs a medical assistant that he gets headaches when he reads from a computer monitor. The assistant should place this information in which of the following locations when using SOAP approach to organizing medical records?

a subjective

A medical assistant is performing an EKG on a patient. Which of the following describes the appropriate placement of the electrodes a tabs downward on the arm b tabs downward on the knee c tabs upward on the chest d tabs downward on the lower leg

a tabs downward on the arm

flagellum

a tail-like appendage that allows the cell to move in a swimming-like motion

A patient calls the clinic to cancel a postoperative appointment and states that she will reschedule at a later date. For which of the following reasons should the medical assistant document this information on the patient's chart?

a to prove that the office was not negligent

toenail removal/ingrown toenail treatment

a toenail removal can be partial or complete, the provider removes a toenail spur that is causing an ingrown toenail, the procedure is completed after local anesthetic or digital block sterile scissors and forceps or hemostats, anesthetic (xylocaine) bandaging materials the patient will experience throbbing or discomfort after the anesthetic wears off. Soaking in warm salt water facilitates healing and reduces discomfort, provide patient instructions, assist the provider as needed, bandage the wound

Which of the following parenteral medication routes should a medical assistant administer for a slow release of medication into the blood stream? a transdermal b sublingual c buccal d inhalation

a transdermal

parasite

an organism that lives in on or at the expense of another organism without contributing to the host's survival

Superior (Cranial)

above or closer to the head

superior

above or directed upward

reviewing discharge instructions or plan of care

activity restrictions, diet restrictions, wound care, medications, follow-up appointments

blood pressure

adults (children and infants vary); every visit

buccal

against the cheek, CCMA permitted to administer

respiratory/inhaled

airways, CCMA permitted to administer

Height

all patients; as part of a complete physical exam, scoliosis exam, or if growth concerns are present

Urinalysis

all patients; as part of a maternity visit, complete physical exam or when abnormal urinary symptoms are present

Chief complaint/ history

all patients; every visit

Weight

all patients; every visit

heart rate

all patients; every visit

respirations

all patients; every visit

temperature

all patients; every visit

Entamoeba histolytica

amebiasis; fecal-oral

peroxisome

an organelle in the cytoplasm that contains enzymes

tramadol

analgesic

Bacillus anthracis

anthrax; vector, contact with or eating undercooked meat from infected animals, spore inhalation

memantine

anti-alzheimers

Celecoxib

anti-inflammatory

Ciprofloxacin

antibiotic

Sulfamexazole/ Trimethoprim

antibiotic

levofloxacin

antibiotic

warfarin

anticoagulant

gabapentin

anticonvulsant

pregabalin

anticonvulsant

losartan

antihypertensive

valsartan

antihypertensive

lisinopril

antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor

metoprolol succinate

antihypertensive, beta blocker

metoprolol tartrate

antihypertensive, beta blocker

Atorvastatin

antilipemic, statin

pravastatin

antilipemic, statin

rosuvastatin

antilipemic, statin

simvastatin

antilipemic, statin

olanzapine

antipsychotic

quetiapine

antipsychotic

rectal

anus/recutm, CCMA permitted to administer according to office policy

fomite

any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms

adult average bp

anything lower than 120/80 mm Hg

staple/suture removal inspection

approximate the edges and the absence or presence of drainage, wounds with crusting blood or exudate will usually need soaking with saline prior to removal

CPR

ascertain responsiveness, activate emergency medical systems (EMS), and check the carotid artery for a pulse, if no pulse is present, then the patient receives CPR at a rate of 100 to 120 chest compressions per minute with a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths, the count remains the same with 2 rescuers, but alternating roles can decrease fatigue in performing chest compressions

Aspergillus fumigatus

aspergillosis; airborne

Which of the following statements made by a medical assistant demonstrates an understanding of required patient identification techniques?

b "I will ask the patient to state and spell her full name and provide her date of birth before administering vaccines"

A medical assistant is talking with an older adult patient who has experienced several injuries at home over the past 6 months. The patient lives alone and has no family nearby. Which of the following responses should the assistant make to help ease the patient's transition to assisted living or long-term care? a "Why wouldn't you want to be around others like yourself, even if only for the social benefits?" b "It seems like it is no longer safe for you to be at home alone. Let's talk about other options?" c "If I were you, I'd tell your family they have to move to this area to help you at home?" d "I'm going to call your daughter and tell her about some of the difficulties you are having?"

b "It seems like it is no longer safe for you to be at home alone. Let's talk about other options?"

A patient asks a medical assistant to explain the difference between a liniment and a medicated lotion. Which of the following responses should the assistant make?

b "Liniments contain a higher portion of oil than medicated lotions"

A medical assistant is reinforcing teaching with a patient about pulse oximetry. Which of the following statements should the assistant include in the teaching?

b "Remove your nail polish before the test"

A medical assistant is talking with a patient who is experiencing home displacement following a hurricane. To which of the following resources should the assistant refer the patient for information, support, and links to community services? a department of health and human services (HHS) b American red cross c national council on aging d centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

b American red cross

A medical assistant in an emergency clinic is admitting several patients. The assistant should recognize that the provider should see which of the following patients first? a An adult who is a professional runner and has a heart rate of 50/min b An older adult who has diabetes and has a blood pressure of 80/42 mm Hg c An infant who is bottle fed and has a heart rate of 130/min d an adolescent who is a gymnast and has a blood pressure of 108/64 mm Hg

b An older adult who has diabetes and has a blood pressure of 80/42 mm Hg

A medical assistant is applying a transdermal patch for a patient. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

b Apply the patch to a hairless area of the patient's skin

The Patients' Bill of Rights protects individuals from which of the following?

b Denial of care due to the patient's age

A medical assistant is assisting a patient whose insurance does not cover immunizations. To which of the following community resources should assist refer the patient?

b Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Which of the following additives should be used when performing a CBC?

b EDTA

to provide culturally competent care, which of the following actions should a medical assistant take first when encountering patients?

b Examine personal religious and cultural values nd beliefs to identify any biases

A medical assistant is writing a piece of professional correspondence to a consulting provider. In which of the following ways should the assistant record the date on the letter?

b January 1, 2020

A medical assistant is replacing a sharps container in an examination room and receives a small laceration on her arm from the plastic lid. Which of the following types of documentation should the assistant complete as a result of this incident?

b OSHA form 301

A medical assistant is scheduling a patient for an outpatient procedure. Which of the following actions should the assistant take first?

b Obtain an oral or written order from the provider for the procedure

A medical assistant works at an urgent care center that uses open hours scheduling. Which of the following describes this form of scheduling?

b Patients arrive at their convenience and are seen on a first-come first-served basis

When coding with the ICD 10 CM, where should the medical assistant begin the process of looking up a diagnosis code for breast cancer?

b The alphabetic index

Which of the following is a step in the process of skin preparation prior to a surgical procedure?

b clean the surgical site with antiseptic

Neurologists

specialize in the nervous system

When completing documentation in a patient's paper medical record, a medical assistant realizes she made an error. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a leave the error in the medical record b draw a line through the error and initial it c erase the entry in the medical record d use correction fluid to correct the entry

b draw a line through the error and initial it

A medical assistant should understand that the chain of custody form is used for which of the following?

b ensuring that a specimen is packaged as directed

A medical assistant is collecting vital signs from a 6-year-old child. The assistant should recognize that which of the following vital signs is outside the expected reference range for this patient and should be reported to the provider? a respiratory rate 22/min b heart rate 140/min c blood pressure 110/72 mm Hg d temperature 37° C (98.6° F)

b heart rate 140/min

A medical assistant is collecting data from a patient who has cold sores on his lips. The assistant should identify that which of the following viruses causes this condition? a influenza a b herpes simplex type 1 c epstein-barr d rhabdovirus

b herpes simplex type 1

A provider examines an older adult patient who is disabled and has a lesion on her arm. A medical assistant should anticipate a referral for this patient to which of the following ancillary services? a diagnostic services b home health care c rehabilitation services d hospice care

b home health care

Which of the following routes of administration should a medical assistant use when performing a tuberculin skin test? a intramuscular b intradermal c intravenous d subcutaneous

b intradermal

Which of the following items in a medical office are considered administrative office supplies? a computers, telephones, and chairs b letterhead, envelopes, and business cards c examination table paper, stethoscopes, and otoscopes d file cabinets, storage bins, and shelves for records

b letterhead, envelopes, and business cards

A medical assistant is collecting blood samples to measure a patient's cholesterol levels. Which of the following actions should the assistant take before collecting the patient's blood? a plan to collect the specimen in the late morning. b make sure the patient did not eat any food for the past 12 hours c ask the patient if the has taken any medications that day d ensure that the patient did not drink any water for the past 12 hours

b make sure the patient did not eat any food for the past 12 hours

A medical assistant is testing a patient's visual acuity using a Snellen chart. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a position the patient 40 feet from the chart b make sure the patient does not lean forward during the test c have the patient close her left eye behind the occluder when testing the right eye d ask the patient to read the smallest line first and then proceed to the largest

b make sure the patient does not lean forward during the test

Which of the following dressings should a medical assistant use on a partial-thickness burn?

b non adherent dressing

Which of the following documents indicates how a patient's medical records will be used and disclosed by a medical office? a explanation of benefits (EOB) b notice of privacy practices (NPP) c advance beneficiary notice (ABN) d assignment of benefits

b notice of privacy practices (NPP)

A medical assistant is classifying services that a patient requires. The assistant should identify which of the following as an ancillary diagnostic service? a cardiology b pathology c oncology d gerontology

b pathology

A medical assistant is encouraging a patient to increase her intake of insoluble fiber to help prevent constipation and hemorrhoids Which of the following foods should the assistant recommend as the best source of insoluble fiber? a cooked white rice b pears with skin c strawberries d popcorn

b pears with skin

A medical assistant is preparing to dispose of bandages that have been removed from a patient's open wound. Per OSHA guidelines, which of the following actions should the assistant plan to take? a place the bandages in a sharps container b place the bandages in a red biohazard bag c double bag the bandages in a red biohazard bag d disinfect the bandages and place them in a red biohazard bag

b place the bandages in a red biohazard bag

After a patient leaves an examination room, which of the following actions should a medical assistant take to prepare the examination table for the next patient?

b roll up the disposable paper on the table tightly and quickly

In which of the following positions should a medical assistant place a healthy patient in preparation for a rectal examination

b simms

A medical assistant is collecting information from a patient who reports persistent pain in the left upper quadrant. The assistant should note that this area contains which of the following organs?

b stomach

Which of the following actions should the medical assistant take when obtaining the head circumference of an infant?

c record the measurement to the nearest 0.6 cm (1/4 in)

posterior

back

anaerobic bacteria

bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive

Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Modifications

balanced diet low sodium sweets in moderation calorie limitations

Cardiovascular Disease Dietary Modifications

balanced diet, low sodium, low fat, high fiber, little or no alcohol

Cimex parasites

bed bugs; contact with infested bedding or furniture

Inferior (Caudal)

below or closer to the feet

inferior

below or directed downward

flexion

bending a limb or body part at the joint

Staphylococcus aureus

boils, septicemia, pneumonia; contact

intraosseous

bone marrow

Clostridium botulinum

botulism; foodborne

fracture

break in bone, open fracture: skin is broken, closed fracture: no break in skin; control bleeding, immobilize area, apply ice, check for a pulse below the fracture site. Treat for shock

extension

bringing a limb to a straight position

montelukast

bronchodilator, leukotriene inhibitor

Trans Fats

byproduct of sliding polyunsaturated oils (hydrogenation), raises LDL

A medical assistant is preparing a patient to have cryosurgery following an abnormal Papanicolaou test. Which of the following statements should the assistant make to explain the procedure?

c "Cryosurgery involves an extremely cold probe to freeze and kill abnormal cells"

Which of the following statements made by a new medical assistant, regarding an artifact, demonstrates a need for further teaching?

c "Electrical interference on the EKG is not caused by cell phones"

A medical assistant is caring for a patient who has terminal colorectal cancer with a life expectancy of 6 months. The patient states, "I don't know if its time to begin hospice care yet." Which of the following statements should the assistant make?

c "Hospice can help manage your pain and comfort during the final months of your life?

A medical assistant is reinforcing teaching about a cardiac event monitor with a patient. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the procedure?

c "I will record any symptoms I experience in the event log"

A medical assistant is reinforcing instructions with a patient about how to take a buccal tablet. Which of the following instructions should the assistant give the patient?

c "Place the tablet between your gums and cheek"

A medical assistant is talking with a patient who reports forgetting whether she has taken her prescribed medication each day. Which of the following responses should the assistant make?

c "Try putting your medications in a weekly medication dispenser for the upcoming week"

A medical assistant is reinforcing teaching with a patient who is scheduled for a standard 12-lead EKG. Which of the following statements should the assistant make?

c "You should refrain from talking during the procedure"

A medical assistant is administering an IM injection into the gluteus medius of an adult patient. At which of the following angles should the assistant insert the needle?

c 90 degree angle

A medical assistant is preparing to file the paper chart for Mary St. Thomas. Where should the file be placed when filed along with the charts for Mary Perez, Elizabeth Saint, and John A. Thomas?

c After Elizabeth Saint and before John A Thomas

A medical assistant is caring for a patient who has recently received a terminal diagnosis and is crying. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

c Allow the patient to cry

Several patient arrive at a clinic at the same time requesting care. A medical assistant should recognize that which of the following patient's chief complaints is the priority for the provider to address?

c An adult patient who is experiencing dyspnea and congestion

A medical assistant is entering a new prescription into a patient's electronic medial record (EMR), While entering the prescription, an alert notifying the assistant of a medication interaction appears on the screen. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

c Consult with the provider before continuing to process the prescription

A Medical assistant is speaking with a patient who recently received a terminal diagnosis. The patient states "I regret not taking better care of myself. Now I won't be able to accomplish what I wanted to do with my life" The assistant should identify that the patient is in which of the following stages of grief?

c Depression

Which of the following is a formal authorization that identifies an individual as legally able to make decisions on behalf of a patient

c Durable power of attorney

A medical assistant is reviewing a patient's medical history prior to the patient's appointment. Which of the following laboratory results indicates the need to schedule an extension of the current visit?

c Fasting blood glucose 168 mg/dL

According tot he regulation of controlled substances which of the following is true of a schedule I drug?

c Have no accepted medical use

Which of the following cardiac procedures is within a medical assistant's scope of practice and does not require a licensed technician or provider to assist or perform it?

c Holter monitor application

A medical assistant is administering heparin subcutaneously to a patient. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

c Inject the medication slowly

A medical assistant is transcribing a prescription for magnesium sulfate into a patient's medical record. Which of the following should the assistant use to document this medication?

c Magnesium Sulfate

A patient presents to an office for treatment. After reading the consent form, she expresses concerns about the treatment. Who is responsible for counseling the patient?

c Provider

A medical assistant is preparing a patient who has congestive heart failure (CHF) for an examination by the provider. Which of the following manifestations should the assistant expect?

c Shortness of breath

When removing sutures, why is it important for a medical assistant to place the removed sutures on a gauze pad?

c To determine the number of sutures removed

A medical assistant is performing a 12-lead EKG on a patient. Which of the following electrodes should the assistant place to the left of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space?

c V2

Which of the following pieces of legislation keeps health care staff safe from retaliation by their employers when they report cases of patient neglect and abuse?

c Whistleblower Protection Act

A medical assistant is preparing a patient who has bilateral below the knee amputations for an EKG. Which of the following sites should the assistant select for electrode placement?

c abdomen

A medical assistant is transcribing a prescription for a medication that a patient should take before meals. Which of the following abbreviations should the assistant use to indicate when the patient should take the medication?

c ac

According to OSHA's guidelines for proper waste disposal, which of the following should a medical assistant place in a regular waste container?

c an empty urine container

A medical assistant is performing a review on items in a clinic's inventory. How should the assistant classify dressings and bandages for inventory purposes?

c as clinical supplies

For a 12-lead EKG, which of the following is the correct placement for the V4 electrode? a at the fourth intercostal space, right margin of the sternum b under the left arm, on the midaxillary line c at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line d at the fourth intercostal space, right midclavicular line

c at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line

A medical assistant is faxing a prescription to a patient's pharmacy. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

c call the pharmacy to confirm receipt of the faxed prescription

A medical assistant should use which of the following solutions to prepare a patient's skin prior to drawing blood cultures?

c chlorhexidine

Which of the following cell structures is instrumental in helping the body mobilize and secrete mucus from the respiratory tract? a centrioles b ribosomes c cilia d mitochondria

c cilia

Which of the following terms refers to the range of fees charged by providers who have similar training and experience and practice in the same geographical area? a usual b reasonable c customary d capitation

c customary

A medical assistant is preparing to calculate a patient's heart rate from an EKG tracing. Which of the following methods should the assistant use for this calculation?

c divide 1,500 by the number of small boxes between two R waves

A patient reports feeling depressed due to the recent loss of a partner. In which of the five steps of the grief process does depression present itself?

c fourth

A medical assistant is monitoring an infant patient for microcephaly. Which of the following describes the anthropometric measurement that he assistant should perform?

c head circumference

A medical assistant is preparing to assist a provider with suturing a wound. Which of the following items should be in the sterile field for this procedure?

c hemostat

A medical assistant is cleaning an examination room after assisting a provider with a biopsy. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

c hold sharps by the blunt end to avoid a needlesitck injury

A medical assistant is caring for an infant who suddenly becomes unresponsive for unknown reasons. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a check for a foreign object in the mouth with a blind finger sweep b perform abdominal thrusts c initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation d perform five back blows

c initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A medical assistant works at a practice that is part of an Accountable Care Organization (ACO), This designation means that the practice's health care team will focus on improving care for patients who have which of the following types of medical coverage?

c medicare

Which measuring a patient's pulse, the medical assistant should recognize that which of the following patient factors can contribute to an erroneous pulse rate? a blood pressure b weight c movement d hydration

c movement

A medical assistant is entering patient data into an electronic medical record (EMR) system. Which of the following information should be entered into the Patient Demographics section of the EMR? a allergies b chief complaint c occupation d surgical history

c occupation

A medical assistant is obtaining a blood pressure measurement from an adult patient, Which of the following actions should the assistant take to ensure an accurate reading?

c place the stethoscopes diaphragm over the patients palpated artery

Which of the following actions should a medical assistant take when obtaining the length of an infant during a well-child visit? a remove the infants diaper b wrap the infant in a blanket for warmth c position the infant on his back d keep the infant's knees flexed

c position the infant on his back

A medical assistant is reviewing laboratory requisitions. For which of the following patient conditions should the assistant perform a capillary collection rather than a venipuncture? a edema in the fingers b HIV-positive c previous thromboses d hypothyroidism

c previous thromboses

A medical assistant has just received a derogatory e-mail from a dissatisfied patient. What action should the assistant take? a respond immediately with a request for a more polite message b print a copy of the e-mail and forward it to the provider c print the e-mail and make notes about topics to be addressed prior to formulating a response d forward the e-mail to another medical assistant to review and to provide a response to the patient

c print the e-mail and make notes about topics to be addressed prior to formulating a response

A medical assistant is performing an ear irrigation for an adult patient who has a cerumen impaction. Which of the following steps should the assistant complete prior to administering the irrigation solution?

c pull the pinna of the ear up and back

A medical assistant receives a call from a patient requesting a refill for fentanyl patches for chronic pain. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

c refer the patient's request to the provider

A medical assistant observes a hematoma developing at the site of a venous blood draw. The assistant should do which of the following?

c release the tourniquet and stop the draw

A provider has requested a dissecting instrument on a sterile tray that a medical assistant is preparing. Which of the following instruments should the assistant include on the tray?

c scissors

A medical assistant is preparing a patient for an enema. In which of the following positions should the assistant place the patient for this procedure? a fowler's position b semi-fowler's position c sims' position d lithotomy position

c sims' position

Where do cardiac electrical impulses originate in the heart?

c sinoatrial node

A medical assistant is caring for a patient who is experiencing chills, nausea, and dizziness. The patient's face appears pale. The assistant should recognize that the patient is exhibiting manifestations of which of the following medical emergencies? a seizure b transient ischemic attach (TIA) c syncope d myocardial infraction

c syncope

An adolescent is covered by two insurance policies under her divorced parents who have birthdays in May and August and have joint custody. Which policy is the primary policy for the adolescent?

c the policy of the parent who has the earliest birth month

A medical assistant receives a telephone call from a patient who is hesitant about discussing a new medical concern unless the conversation is with a provider. The assistant should use which of the following techniques to address the patient's reluctance? a tell the patient he has nothing to worry about b ask the patient why he does not trust the assistant with the information c use a reflective statement to recognize the patient's concerns d provide examples of patients who have similar concerns to reassure the patient

c use a reflective statement to recognize the patient's concerns

A medical assistant is contacting a patient to schedule a repeat Papanicolaou test due to abnormal results. The assistant should identify that which of the following factors can interfere with the test results? a engaging in intercourse 48 hr prior to the test b douching 1 week prior to the test c using an over-the-counter vaginal cream prior to the test d taking prescribed oral birth control pills

c using an over-the-counter vaginal cream prior to the test

A medical assistant should identify that which of the following vitamins is fat soluble?

c vitamin A

A medical assistant is explaining to a female patient how to collect a clean-catch urine specimen. Which of the following instructions should the assistant include? a place the removable lid of the specimen container face down on a clean surface b clean the perineal area from back to front with three antiseptic towelettes c with the labia spread, urinate a small amount into the toilet before collecting the sample d to collect the urine, press the specimen container's edges up against the perineum

c with the labia spread, urinate a small amount into the toilet before collecting the sample

varicella-zoster

chickenpox, shingles; airborne, droplet, contact with blister fluid

Vitamin D (calciferol)

calcium absorption, bone and tooth structure, support of heart and nerve function

bleeding emergencies

can occur internally or externally, the amount of bleeding depends on the blood supply in the location of the injury and the vessel that was torn or cut. Arterial bleeding is more fo a medical crisis than capillary bleeding; apply pressure, elevate the site if possible, apply ice, limit movement, keep the patient quiet, monitor vital signs and observe for signs of shock

seizures

can result from trauma or alterations in metabolism such as with fever, can be idiopathic in nature, can range from generalized (grand mal) to short staring episode (petit mal); assist the patient to a lying position, protect from injury, tilt the head to the side to prevent aspiration, time the seizure, stay with the patient and observe, if seizures continue (status epileptics), call 911

aerobic bacteria

can survive in oxygenated environment

Candida albicans

candidiasis (thrush, vaginal yeast infection); overgrowth of normal flora, not usually sexual

biotin

carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

artery/arteriole

cardiovascular system, Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They propel blood with each contraction of the heart and are associated with various pulse points on the body. Smaller branches are arterioles.

vein/venule

cardiovascular system, Vessels that carry blood toward the heart. They are thinner-walled than arteries and contain valves to prevent backflow. Smaller branches are venules.

endocardium

cardiovascular system, innermost layer of cells that lines the atria, ventricles and heart valves

heart

cardiovascular system, located within the central part of the chest (mediastinum), and functions as a pump to move blood throughout the body

myocardium

cardiovascular system, muscular layer of the heart

pericardium

cardiovascular system, outermost layer of the heart. a membrane that surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid

capillary

cardiovascular system, the smallest blood vessels, which connect arterioles to venules. they aid in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and body cells

stroke

cause: blockage of artery in neck of brain, results from hypoxia in the brain usually due to a blood clot, or rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel, patient can be aphasic or dysphasic; experience weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, or drooping of the mouth, lose consciousness symptoms: paralysis, confusion, memory impairment, some symptoms can be permanent treatment: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, protect the patient, keep the patient NPO, obtain vital signs, collect as much medial history as possible, administer oxygen, call 911

bone fracture

cause: impact injury resulting in bone cracking or breaking, stress fractures: overuse or repetitive stress symptoms: pain, swelling, loss of function diagnosis: physical exam, x-ray, CT if plain films are not clear treatment: immobilization with internal or external device (cast, splint, pins, plates, screws)

parkinson's disease

cause: lack of neurotransmitters, brain tumors, drugs, head trauma symptoms: arm/leg muscle and joint stiffness, lack of coordination, tremor treatment: supportive, medications to slow progression, no cure

Choking

caused by obstruction of airway, patient is unable to breathe or speak and splays the character sign of holding the hands to the neck; ask the patient, "Are you choking?" do nothing if the patient can speak or cough, if patient is unable to breathe or talk, perform the Heimlich maneuver, if the patient is unconscious perform CPR, looking for a foreign body in the mouth and removing it if visible

asthma

causes: allergens, pollutants, dust mites, cigarette smoke symptoms: wheezing, coughing, feeling of tightness in chest treatment: avoiding allergens/irritants, rescue inhaler for bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory steroid inhalers, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, steroid injection for an acute episode

Aneurysm

causes: atherosclerosis, smoking, high-cholesterol diet, obesity symptoms: usually none, possible back pain, tachycardia, dizziness treatment: surgery

rheumatoid arthritis

causes: autoimmune symptoms: destruction of the joint capsule causing scar to form, visible joint deformity and lost of joint mobility treatment: NSAIDs, exercise, heat/cold therapies, cortisone injections and surgery to remove scar tissue

myasthenia gravis

causes: autoimmune symptoms: double vision, muscle weakness, dysphagia, difficulty chewing and difficulty breathing treatment: avoiding excessive stress, rest, eye patch and medication

hypothyroidism

causes: autoimmune disease, medications, thyroid surgery symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, muscle aches, bradycardia, depression, elevated cholesterol, dry skin treatment: synthetic thyroid hormone medication (levothyroxine)

meningitis

causes: bacterial, viral, fungal infection causing inflammation of the meninges symptoms: stiff neck, headache, fever, vomiting treatment: appropriate medications for type, bacterial can be fatal

Diverticulitis (abnormal out-pouching of intestinal wall)

causes: bacterial, viral, parasitic symptoms: constipation or diarrhea, bloody stools, abdominal pain, nausea treatment: high-fiber diet, antibiotics

pneumonia

causes: bacterial, viral, parasitic symptoms: thick, colored sputum, dyspnea, fever, cough treatment: rest, antibiotics, OTC analgesics

Hemorrhoids (varicose vein of the rectum or anus)

causes: constipation, straining during bowel movements, pelvic pressure during pregnancy, childbirth symptoms: itching, pain in anal area, blood with bowel movements, visible protrusion from the anus treatment: high-fiber diet, stool softeners, surgical removal

herpes simplex

causes: contact with herpes simplex virus symptoms: type 1: painful blisters on lips, mouth and face, type 2: similar lesions, located in genital area treatment: no cure, antiviral medication to decrease frequency of outbreaks transmission: contact with blister fluid, sexual

atelectasis

causes: cystic fibrosis, COPD, Pleurisy, lung cancer, spontaneous symptoms: dyspnea, cyanosis, diaphoresis, pain treatment: thoracentesis, chest percussion, deep breathing exercises, intermittent positive-pressure breathing

emphysema

causes: damage to the alveoli caused by cigarette smoke, pollutants, specific types of dust symptoms: shortness of breath, chronic cough, fatigue treatment: smoking cessation, avoiding cold environments, antibiotics for secondary lung infections

Alzheimer's disease

causes: degenerative brain disease, possibly genetic or environmental symptoms: confusion, memory loss, impaired judgement, personality change, worsens over time treatment: physical activity, socialization, medication to slow the progression, no cure

gout

causes: deposits of uric acid crystals accumulate in joint spaces symptoms: joint pain, common in big toe and knee joints, stiffness and swelling treatment: dietary changes (avoidance of rich, fatty foods), pain medication and medications to aid in elimination or uric acid in kidneys during urine formation

rosacea

causes: dilation of small facial blood vessels and cause of dilation is unknown symptoms: redness and acne-like eruptions on face treatment: topical cortisone's, antibiotics and vascular laser therapy

hyperthyroidism

causes: graves disease, thyroiditis and plummer's disease symptoms: weight loss, tachycardia, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disruption and goiter treatment: radioactive iodine, anti thyroid medication, beta blockers and thyroidectomy

kyphosis

causes: growth retardation or improper development of growth plates, aging and degenerative disk disease contribute to adult onset symptoms: visible upper back curvature (humpback) treatment: exercise, back bracing, harrington rod, spinal fusion in extreme cases

concussion

causes: head impact, closed head trauma in which the brain has been jolted or shaken symptoms: nausea, loss of balance disorientation, headache diagnosis: physical exam, neurologic testing, CT of the brain treatment: rest, treatment of symptoms, measure vital signs, observation, provider assessment and possible computed tomography scan (CT)

paget's disease

causes: hereditary and viral symptoms: bone pain and deformity, fractures and excessive bone destruction treatment: surgery, medication and physical therapy

osteoporosis

causes: hormone deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle, lack of vitamin D, corticosteroid use (long-term), smoking symptoms: fractures, most common in the spine, wrists, hips, loss of height, can result in kyphosis treatment: medications, hormone replacement therapy, exercise, supplements

osteoarthritis

causes: inflammatory processes, metabolic disorders symptoms: joint stiffness and pain, fluid surrounding the joint, grating sound with joint movement treatment: NSAIDs, intra-articular injections, arthroscopy, joint replacement surgery

psoriasis

causes: inherited autoimmune disorder symptoms: silvery, scaly, severely itchy skin lesions and can cause systemic symptoms such as joint pain and inflammation treatment: oral NSAIDs, topical creams containing vitamins A and D, hydro-cortisone cream and UV treatments

lordosis

causes: injury, poor posture and wearing high heels symptoms: inward curvature of the lower back (swayback) treatment: corrective shoes and exercise

Malignant melanoma

causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure symptoms: itchy/bleeding mole, new mole and mole with changes treatment: depends on stage of lesion, surgery, lymph node biopsy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure symptoms: new growth or sore that does not heal treatment: curettage and electrodessication, mohs surgery, cryosurgery and laser surgery

hypertension

causes: narrowing of arteries, increased arterial pressure, risk factors: obesity, smoking, stimulant use, skinny disease, high sodium intake, excessive alcohol consumption symptoms: excessive sweating, fatigue, muscle cramps, headaches, dizziness treatment: treatment of underlying cause, lifestyle modifications: diet, exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, antihypertensive medication

diabetes mellitus type 2

causes: obesity, inactivity, genetics symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, elevated blood glucose treatment: diet modification, exercise, medication, insulin therapy

alopecia

causes: often hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns and fungal skin infections symptoms: loss or lack of hair anywhere on the body, typically on the scalp and can include eyebrows and eyelashes treatment: no cure, hair transplants, medications can slow progression

bursitis

causes: overuse, joint trauma and bacterial infection symptoms: joint pain and swelling treatment: rest, pain medication, steroid injection, aspiration of joint fluid and antibiotics

scoliosis

causes: possibly genetic, can begin prenatally during formation of vertebrae, muscle weakness symptoms: bent appearing spine (laterally), back pain treatment: back bracing, physical therapy, surgery with rod placement

cirrhosis

causes: scarring of liver, can be autoimmune, mediation, alcohol, hepatitis B or C symptoms: anemia, fatigue, fever, enlarged liver, jaundice, weight loss treatment: avoid alcohol consumption, antibiotics, diuretics

folliculitis

causes: shaving or repeated rubbing of shaved area, bacteria or fungi symptoms: red, itchy hair follicles (pimple appearance) treatment: regular cleansing of affected area, topical antibiotics and electric shaver instead of razor

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

causes: smoking, environmental pollutants symptoms: dyspnea, hypoxia, fatigue, cough treatment: smoking cessation, inhalers, lung transplant in extreme cases

tendonitis

causes: sports or activity related symptoms: pain in joints and limited range of motion in joint treatment: rest, ice and NSAIDs

impetigo

causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria symptoms: itchy, oozing skin lesions with honey-like appearing crust treatment: antibiotics and frequent cleansing of area

cellulitis

causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections symptoms: inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus treatment: oral/topical antibiotics, hospitalization if at risk for developing systemic infection

acne vulgaris

causes: surge of sex hormones during puberty and excess sebum on skin surface symptoms: black heads, white heads, papules and pustules treatment: regular cleansing of affected area, OTC benzoyl peroxide products and prescription medication (topical or oral)

osteosarcoma

causes: unknown symptoms: pain in affected bones (usually legs) and swelling with development of tumor growth treatment: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation and amputation of affected limb

eczema

causes: unknown (possible allergy or inflammatory condition) symptoms: chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly rash treatment: topical or systemic steroids and NSAIDS for discomfort

diabetes mellitus type 1

causes: unknown (possibly autoimmune, genetic or environmental) symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, blurry vision, weight loss, elevated blood glucose treatment: insulin therapy

polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS)

causes: unknown (possibly genetic, excessive insulin) symptoms: irregular menstrual cycles, elevated hormone levels, multiple cysts on ovaries treatment: weight loss, estrogen and progestin

Hiatal hernia (part of stomach protrudes through diaphragm into chest cavity)

causes: unknown causes, smoking obesity symptoms: heartburn, chest pain, excessive burping, nausea, vomiting treatment: weight reduction, medication, surgical repair

Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors

causes: unknown, age 10 to 20 years old and male sex symptoms: fever, pain at tumor site, fractures, bruising treatment: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant and stem cell transplant

fibromyalgia

causes: unknown, exacerbated by sleep deprivation, emotional distress and depression symptoms: fatigue, point tenderness and trigger points, chronic facial pain and sleep disturbances treatment: antidepressants, NSAIDs, physical therapy and trigger point injections

bronchitis

causes: viral, environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke symptoms: yellow-grey or green productive cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, fever treatment: cough-medicine, humidifier, inhalers, antibiotics in some cases

methylphenidate

central nervous system stimulant

Chlamydia trachomatis

chlamydia; sexual

Vibrio cholerae

cholera; fecal-oral, contaminated water

rales

clicking or crackling sounds heard on inspiration that can sound most or dry

contusion

closed injury, also known as a bruise, caused by a blunt-force trauma, ranges in severity based on the trauma received and the location; apply cold pack or ice, elevate limb if affected, observe for signs of increase intracranial pressure if the head is contused (this wound requires immediate emergency care)

Medial

closer to the midline of the body

Superficial

closer to the surface of the body

Clostridium difficile

colitis; fecal-oral

vibrio bacteria

comma shaped

rhinovirus

common cold; droplet, contact, fomites

rhonchi

common rattling snoring sounds often associated with chronic lung diseases

antipsychotics

control psychotic symptoms

cutting sutures

cut close to the knot and pull the suture out with forceps by grabbing the knot and pulling, observing to ensure the entire suture was removed

centriole

cylindrical-shaped organelle that plays a role in cell division

At work, a medical assistant cared for a neighbor who sustained multiple injuries in a fall. After work, another neighbor asks the assistant what happened to the neighbor who fell. Following the American Association of Medical Assistants' (AAMA) Code of Ethics, which of the following responses should the assistant make? a "She broke a couple of bones, but she'll be fine? b "It was nothing serious. You'll see her soon enough" c "We'll see her every week or so during her recovery" d "I can't share any information about what happens at my job"

d "I can't share any information about what happens at my job"

A medical assistant requests that a patient pay her insurance copayment at the time she arrives for her appointment. The patient becomes defensive and asks why she should pay for care she has not yet received. Which of the following responses should the medical assistant make? a "Didn't you expect to pay for your visit when you came?" b "Why wouldn't you want to pay now rather than later?" c "Unless you have paid your copayment. the doctor will not see you" d "I understand you're concerned, so you're welcome to pay at the end of your appointment

d "I understand you're concerned, so you're welcome to pay at the end of your appointment

Which of the following laboratory results should the medical assistant recognize is abnormal? a Sodium 128 mEq/L b Red blood cell count 5.2/mm3 c Platelets 350/mm3 d Potassium 3 mEq/L

d Potassium 3 mEq/L

A medical assistant is checking a patient's hearing using the Weber test. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a position a vibrating tuning fork over the patient's mastoid process b invert a vibrating tuning fork which the patient still hears sound c instruct the patient to raise his hand when he no longer hears any sound d ask the patient if he hears the vibration louder in one ear than the other

d ask the patient if he hears the vibration louder in one ear than the other

A medical assistant is reviewing laboratory results that confirm a patient has varicella zoster virus. The assistant should identify that this micro-organism causes which of the following types of infections? a mumps b measles c rubella d chickenpox

d chickenpox

A medical assistant is scheduling diagnostic tests for a patient's liver and pancreas. Which of the following systems is being assessed? a cardiovascular b integumentary c respiratory d digestive

d digestive

A medical assistant is coding an office visit during which the provider reviewed the systems related to a patient's chief complaint but did not discuss the patient's family or social history. Which of the following procedure codes should the assistant use for this visit? a detailed history b comprehensive history c problem-focused history d expanded problem-focused history

d expanded problem-focused history

A medical assistant receives a denial of payment for a patient's cholecystectomy. The reason stated is "non covered service" If this procedure was deemed emergent by the provider, which of the following actions should the assistant take? a submit an appeal for the denied claim b submit a new claim c resubmit the claim with a different procedure code d instruct the patient to contact the insurer about the denial of payment

d instruct the patient to contact the insurer about the denial of payment

A medical assistant is administering an injection, and the patient faints. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a elevate the patient's head above his heart b apply a warm compress to the patient's neck c offer the patient something to drink d place the patient in a supine position

d place the patient in a supine position

A medical assistant is collecting a health history from an older adult patient who exhibits moderate hearing loss. Which of the following actions should the assistant take? a keep her hands still to avoid distracting the patient b speak with a raised pitch when clarifying information c use longer sentences to keep the patient's attention d remain within the patient's view to allow lip-reading

d remain within the patient's view to allow lip-reading

A primary care provider suspects that a patient has fibromyalgia. A medical assistant should expect the provider to refer the patient to which of the following specialists? a gynecologist b ophthalmologist c gastroenterologist d rheumatologist

d rheumatologist

Anticoagulant

delay blood clotting

intramuscular (IM)

deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles, CCMA permitted to administer

lithotripsy

destruction of kidney stones using shock waves

diabetic emergencies

diabetic coma (hyperglycemia) characterized by malaise, dry mouth, polydipsia, polyuria, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, insulin shock (hypoglycemia) characterized by sweating, anxiety, irritability, tachycardia, headache, hunger, can lead to seizures, coma, death if left untreated; administer glucose for insulin shock, administer insulin for diabetic coma, when induct give glucose, monitor vital signs, call 911 if rapid improvement is not noted

Escherichia coli

diarrhea; foodborne

Korotkoff sounds phase V

diastolic pressure

orthopnea

difficulty breathing in any position other than standing or sitting

dysphasia

difficulty speaking

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

diphtheria; droplet

furosemide

diuretic

hydrochlorothiazide

diuretic

Frontal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Sagittal plane

divides the body into left and right sides

Transverse plane

divides the body into upper and lower sections

quadrant

dividing an area horizontally and vertically into four parts

knee-chest, knee-elbow

drawing the knees up to the chest

otic

ears, CCMA permitted to administer

ophthalmic

eyes, CCMA permitted to administer

distal

farther away from

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

fat and protein metabolism

pyrexia

fever

parvovirus

fifth disease; droplet, bloodborne

Sodium

fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, muscle and nerve function

acute abdominal pain

general symptom that can be life-threatening; obtain detailed chief complaint, keep the patient NPO, have an emesis basis available, keep the patient warm but do not apply heat to the abdomen, monitor vital signs and observe for signs of shock; describing the severity, quadrant, or abdominal region assists in diagnosing the condition

human papillomavirus

genital warts; sexual

Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lamblia)

giardiasis; fecal-oral

prednisone

glucocorticoid

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

gonorrhea; sexual

hepatitis A

hepatitis A; fecal-oral

antibody

immune and lymphatic systems, protein the body creates in response to specific antigens

stage 2 hypertension

greater than 140/90 mm Hg

obese BMI

greater than 30

cilia

hair-like projections that help move substances through various tracts and paths in the body

cephalic

head

hepatitis B

hepatitis B; bloodborne, sexual

hepatitis C

hepatitis C; bloodborne

Cancer dietary modifications

high protein vitamin supplementation low-temperature foods favorite foods small meals frequently

insulin

hypoglycemic

metformin

hypoglycemic

pioglitazone

hypoglycemic

lymph nodules

immune and lymphatic systems, Masses of lymphoid tissue comprised of macrophages and lymphocytes. Lymph nodules are not encapsulated like lymph nodes.

immunoglobulins

immune and lymphatic systems, antibodies

thymus

immune and lymphatic systems, endocrine system, located posterior to the sternum. the thymus is large in children and atrophies (shrinks) after adolescence. it is responsible for the production and maturation of T-cells, thyroxin, development of cells in immune system

Monocytes

immune and lymphatic systems, engulf and destroy pathogens that have been coagulated with antibodies

antigen

immune and lymphatic systems, foreign substance within the body

spleen

immune and lymphatic systems, largest lymphoid organ, located in the upper-left abdominal quadrant. It is home to macrophages that filter the blood

lymph nodes

immune and lymphatic systems, small, glandular structures concentrated in the neck, axilla and groin, which produce and store lymphocytes, and are home to macrophages that filter lymph

interstitial fluid

immune and lymphatic systems, tissue fluid found between cells. once collected and filtered, its called lymph

T-Cells

immune and lymphatic systems, type of lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and attaches them to attack the invading cells directly

B-Cells

immune and lymphatic systems, type of lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and responds by turning into plasma cells. these plasma cells then create antibodies against specific antigens

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

immunity, iron absorption, structure of bones, muscle, and blood vessels

anti-osteoporosis agents

improve bone density

carotid

in the neck, just below the jaw bone, most common for use in emergency procedures

aphasia

inability to speak

sedative-hypnotics

induce sleep/relaxation

Chain of infection

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

pelvic cavity

inferior to the abdominal cavity, houses the bladder

influenza

influenza; airborne, droplet

aerosols

inhalation

dry powder for inhalation

inhalation

steam

inhalation

mist

inhalation, nasal

one respiratory rhythm

inhale and exhale

strain

injury due to excessive overstretching of a muscle or tendon; rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE)

sprain

injury due to tearing of a tendon, ligament or cartilage of a joint; RICE

internal

inside

brachial pulse

inside the upper arm, the most common site for children

sphygmomanometer

instrument used to measure blood pressure that has a graduated scale for determining systolic and diastolic pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.

Hair follicles

integumentary system, generate hair

subcutaneous layer

integumentary system, loose, connective tissue composed of adipose tissue and lipocytes

Epidermis layer

integumentary system, outermost layer of epithelial tissue, covers external surface of the bodey

sebaceous (oil) glands

integumentary system, produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft, and prevent bacteria from growing on the skin

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

integumentary system, produce sweat to aid in cooling the body

Fingernails and toenails

integumentary system, protect the ends of fingers and toes

Dermis layer

integumentary system, thick layer beneath the dermis that contains arteries, veins, and nerves

restatement

interviewing technique of repeating or paraphrasing information relayed by the sender to confirm accuracy

clarification

interviewing technique of summarizing the information relayed by the sender to clear up any confusion

active listening

interviewing technique that allow the receiver to fully understand the message being communicated

nonverbal communication

interviewing technique that includes gestures and actions that leave interpretation up to the receiver

open-ended questions

interviewing technique that uses questions that leave to further explanation (vs. yes or no response)

reflection

interviewing technique when the receiver focuses on the main idea of the message but incorporates feelings the sender might be exhibiting or possibly feeling

antibiotics

kill bacteria

antifungals

kill fungi

antivirals

kill viruses

hypoxia

lacking oxygen in the body

viruses

microorganism that requires living tissue to survive and grow

fungi

microorganisms that grow on or in animals and plants, not normally pathogenic

vastus lateralis muscle injection

mid to upper outer thigh; 90 degree angle

medial

midline

mole or cyst removal

mole that change color, size, or texture should be evaluated for signs of cancer, cysts are collections of fluid that can be infectious local anesthetic (xylocaine), scalpel, or punch device, suture supplies obtain a detailed history regarding the change in the mole(s), obtain a family history regarding melanoma, all specimens should be sent to the laboratory for evaluation, instruct the patient to monitor the wound for infection and return for follow-up suture removal and care

molluscipoxvirus

molluscum contagiosum warts; contact

Epstein-Barr

mononucleosis; contact with saliva

oral

mouth, stomach (nasogastric, gastrostomy tubes), intestines, (nasoenteric tube) CCMA permitted to administer

mumps

mumps; airborne, droplet

nasal

nose, CCMA permitted to administer

naturally acquired active immunity

occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response

intradermal injection

on forearm, one hand width from the wrist and one hadn't width from the elbow, also can use upper back; 10 to 15 degree angle

lithotomy

on the back, flexing the legs on abducted thighs

topical/transdermal

on the skin, CCMA permitted to administer

glucocorticoid

one of several hormones that have many functions, both natural in the body and as a medication, including suppression of inflammation

laceration

open injury that is jagged in nature and caused by a sharp object, bleeding can be profuse; apply pressure until bleeding is controlled, clean gently (rigorous cleaning can reinitiate bleeding), apply bandage

incision

open injury, typically caused by a short object causing a straight cut, bleeding can be profuse; apply pressure until bleeding is controlled, clean gently (rigorous cleaning can reinitiate bleeding), apply bandage

basic principles in maintaining a sterile field

open packages so they can easily drop onto the sterile field or be grasped by the provider without touching the outer wrapper, lip the bottle of the liquids prior to pouring into sterile containers, do not leave a sterile field unattended, reach over a sterile filed, or turn your back to a sterile field, medication vials should be cleaned with alcohol prior to holding with two hands for the provider to inject the needle into

Setting up for the procedure

open the flaps of a sterile packet or mayo stand cover away form you, then open the closest flap, at least 1 inch around the sterile file dis considered non sterile, so do not place items in this area.

puncture

open wound that is caused by an instrument that delivers a stab, usually small with limited bleeding; apply pressure if bleeding, clean and/or flush to remove debris, apply bandage

hydrocodone plus acetaminophen

opioid (narcotic) analgesic

oxycodone

opioid (narcotic) analgesic

Suspension

oral

caplets

oral

capsules

oral

elixirs

oral

emulsions

oral

lozenges

oral

solid extracts, fluid extracts

oral

syrups

oral

tablets

oral, buccal, sublingual, vaginal

tinctures

oral, topical

gels

oral, topical, rectal

solutions

oral, topical, vaginal, urethral, rectal (enemas)

multi-cellular parasites

organisms such as lice, worms an bed bugs that can cause infections and infestations

drops

otic, ophthalmic, nasal

external

outside

peripheral

outside the central area

analgesic

pain reliever

Helicobacter pylori

peptic ulcer disease; fecal-oral, oral-anal, possibly others

intraperitoneal

peritoneal cavity (abdomen)

bilateral

pertaining to both sides

adenovirus

pharyngitis; droplet, direct contact

Enterobius vermicularis

pinworms; fecal-oral

ventrogluteal muscle injection

place heel of hand on greater trochanter, middle finger on iliac crest, spread fingers, give the injection where the V is made between the index finger and middle finger; 90 degree angle

Yersinia pestis

plague; vector (fleas, rodents)

Haemophilus influenzae

pneumonia, epiglottis meningitis; droplet

Streptococcus pneumoniae

pneumonia; airborne, droplet, contact

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

pneumonia; droplet

anticonvulsants

prevent or control seizures

contraceptives

prevent pregnancy

laxatives, stool softeners

promote bowel movements

precautions during CPR

proper hand placement to avoid injuring patient, use of disposable gloves and CPR mouth barriers to prevent exposure to body fluids

Vitamin E

protection of cells from destruction, formation of blood cells

Vitamin B12 (cobalamins)

protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development

Internists

provide comprehensive care of adults, often diagnosing and treating chronic, long-term conditions. They also offer treatment for common illnesses and preventive care.

endoplasmic reticulum

provides networks of passageways for moving various substances within the cytoplasm

rabies

rabies; vector (infected animal)

Fowler's

raising the head of the bed up to 90 degrees

triage

ranking based on the most critical to the least critical

antihistamines

receive allergies

antimigraine agents

receive migraine headaches

signs of infection

redness and swelling at or around the site, feeling hot to touch, drainage (other than clear), foul order from the site, fever, malaise, red streaks extending from t eh wound (lymphangitis)

anxiolytics

reduce anxiety

oral hypoglycemics

reduce blood glucose

anticholingerics

reduce bronchospasm

antidiarrheals

reduce diarrhea

antipyretics

reduce fever

central nervous system stimulants

reduce hyperactivity

anti-inflammatories

reduce inflammation

antiemetics

reduce nausea, vomiting

antispasmodics/muscle relaxants

reduce or prevent muscle spasms

naturally acquired passive immunity

short-lasting immunity passed from mother to child through the placenta and breast milk

dyspnea

shortness of breath

bronchodilators

relax airway muscles

antidepressants

relieve depressions

decongestants

relieve nasal congestion

excretion

removal of a medication's metabolites from the body through urine or feces, and also saliva, bile, sweat glands, breast milk and exhaled air

suture/staple removal

remove every other suture or staple while observing the site, if there is any gaping stop and notify the provider, account for total number of staples and sutures that were used to close the wound.

uterus

reproductive system, A hollow muscular organ, lies low in pelvic cavity. Receives fertilized egg, which implants into uterine wall for fetal development. In nonpregat female, the lining sloughs off monthly, causing menstruation. The lower portion is the cervix, which creates a barrier between this organ and the vagina and dilates during childbirth.

scrotum

reproductive system, a pouch of skin that houses the testes

perineum

reproductive system, area between the vagina and anus

epididymis

reproductive system, coiled tube located superior to each teste, responsible for maturation of sperm cells

vas deferenus

reproductive system, connects the epididymis to the urethra

penis

reproductive system, external cylinder-shaped organ that moves urine and semen out of the body

labia majora

reproductive system, folds of skin and adipose tissue that protect other external female genitalia

labia minora

reproductive system, folds of skin within the labia majora, pinkish in color due to high blood circulation, forms a hood over the clitoris

estrogen

reproductive system, group of female sex hormones

androgens

reproductive system, group of male sex hormones

clitoris

reproductive system, highly sensitive female erectile tissue located anterior to the urethra

progesterone

reproductive system, hormone secreted by ovaries

bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)

reproductive system, inferior to the prostate gland, secrete fluid to lubricate the end of the penis to prepare for intercourse

estradiol

reproductive system, most abundant and biologically active female hormone

testosterone

reproductive system, most abundant and biologically active of male sex hormones

vagina

reproductive system, muscular tube extending from the uterus to the outside of the body. Expands during intercourse and childbirth

fallopian tubes

reproductive system, muscular tubes with proximal opening near each ovary, connects distally to uterus. receives egg during ovulation

seminal vesicles

reproductive system, sac-like organs that secrete seminal fluid. this fluid stimulates muscle contractions in the female reproductive organs to aid in propelling sperm forward

prostate gland

reproductive system, surrounds the proximal urethra, contracts during ejaculation to aid in forward movement of sperm. secretes fluid that protects sperm within the vagina

trachea

respiratory system, also called the windpipe, extends from larynx and branches into bronchi, lined with cilia

nose

respiratory system, made of bones, cartilage and skin. contains small hairs called cilia to prevent large particles from entering

larynx

respiratory system, superior to the trachea. produces a person's voice

lungs

respiratory system, two cone shaped organs located in the chest. Contain bronchi, alveoli, and any blood vessels. the right is larger and divided into three lobes, the left two lobes surrounded by the pleura

dextro

right

rights of medication administration

right patient right medication right dose right route right time right assessment right to refuse right technique right documentation right reason right to know right evaluation

irrigation solution

should be tepid or room temperature, irritants that are too cold can lead to dizziness or discomfort, too hot can lead to discomfort, pain or even burns

A medical assistant is assisting a provider with an abdominal examination. When the provider palpates the major portion of the liver, the assistant should recognize that he is palpating which of the following abdominal quadrants? a right upper b right lower c left upper d left lower

right upper

Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans (dermatophytes)

ringworm; contact

bacillus bacteria

rod shaped

rotavirus

rotavirus; fecal-oral

coccus bacteria

round shaped

Ascaris lumbricoides

roundworm; contact with contaminated soil

Rhinorrhea

runny nose

Sarcoptes scabiei

scabies; contact

includes substances that have a high potential for abuse and no approved medical use in the United States

schedule I

includes substances that have a high potential for abuse, are considered dangerous, and can lead to psychological and physical dependence, in some states, must have handwritten prescriptions

schedule II

includes substances that have a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, can be refilled up to five times within 6 months

schedule III

includes substances that have a low potential for abuse and dependence, patients may refill up to five times within 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone

schedule IV

includes substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics. may be refilled five times within 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone

schedule V

abrasion

scrape or rub, superficial wound often affecting the knees, elbows; apply pressure if bleeding, clean and/or flush to remove debris, apply bandage

zolpidem

sedative-hypnotic (for sleep)

The USDA required food labels to include which elements

serving size, calories per serving, grams of different types of fat, amounts of sodium, potassium, cholesterol, total carbohydrates, sugar, and protein, percentage of recommended daily values for some vitamins and minerals

anaplylaxis

severe allergic reaction in which there is circulatory shutdown and respiratory distress, which results in shock; extreme emergency: provide basic life support, administer oxygen and epinephrine based on provider order, call 911

burns

severity is based on location, extent of body surface affected and degree of tissue involvement, classified as first-degree (first layer of tissue; sunburn), second degree (involve subcutaneous tissue and will blister), and their-degree (involve muscle and possibly bone; appear dry and charred), can be electrical, chemical or thermal; remove the patient form the source, flush profusely with cool water, do not remove clothing, unless chemical burn, monitor vital signs and observe for shock, assess body area affected using the rule of nines

Korotkoff sounds phase III

sharp tapping sounds are noted as even more blood is surging

Shigella sonnei

shigellosis; fecal-oral

lateral

side, away from the middle

bacteria

sing-cell microorganism that reproduces rapidly and causes many different infections. It can survive without other living tissue.

Fowler's position

sitting position with the back of the exam table raised to a 90 degree angle; exams involving the eyes, ears, nose, throat, chest

Ligament

skeletal system, attaches bone to bone for joint stability

Short Bones

skeletal system, found in the wrist and ankle, typically small and round.

Long Bones

skeletal system, have epiphysis, diaphysis and medullary cavity containing yellow bone marrow. the end of long bones are covered by articular cartilage to allow joint movement without causing friction.

Flat Bones

skeletal system, majority of surface area is flat or slightly curved.

sesamoid bones

skeletal system, small, round bones found in joints that are held in place by tendons.

Appendicular skeleton

skeletal system, the adult appendicular skeleton has 126 bones including arms, legs and pelvic girdle

Axial skeleton

skeletal system, the adult axial skeleton has 80 bones including the skull, vertebrae and ribs

Irregular bones

skeletal system, unusual shape that is typically related to their function.

intradermal

skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back, CCMA permitted to administer

oblique

slanting, on an incline

Variola major

smallpox; contact, fomites

dressings stuck to wound

soak in sterile saline or sterile water prior to removal

Korotkoff sounds phase IV

sound changes to a soft tapping sound which beings to muffle

Pathologists

specialize in body tissues, blood, urine, and other body fluids to diagnose or treat medical conditions.

dermatologist

specialize in conditions of the skin

Urologists

specialize in disorders of the urinary tract

Ophthalmologists

specialize in eye conditions

Psychiatrists

specialize in mental disorders and conditions

Pediatricians

specialize in newborn, infant, child, and adolescent health care

neonatologists

specialize in the care of newborns

Obstetricians

specialize in the care of women during and after pregnancy

hormone replacement

stabilize hormone deficiencies

dressings

sterile, cover wounds

suture removal equipment

stich or suture scissors, and forceps

Streptococcus pyogenes

strep throat, rheumatic fever, septicemia; droplet

nuclear membrane

structure that surrounds the nucleus

chief complaint

subjective information, reason for the office visit

golgi apparatus

synthesizes carbohydrates and sorts the proteins the ribosome is supporting

Treponema pallidum

syphilis; sexual

Korotkoff sounds phase I

systolic pressure

adult elevated bp

systolic readings between 120 and 129 mm Hg

caudal

tail (Coccygeal ara)

Diphyllobothrium latum

tapeworm; food borne (raw, infected fish)

what status must be obtained for the provider in any event of a wound (open or closed)

tetanus immunization

Clostridium tetani

tetanus; contact through a deep cut

absorption

the body converts the medication into form the body can use and moves it into the bloodstream , speed depends on how easily the medication dissolves in fat.

etiology

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

electrodessication

the drying of tissue by a high-frequency electric current applied with a needle-shaped electrode (also called fulguration)

ureters

urinary system, long tubes responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

systolic pressure

the first sound heard during a blood pressure reading, when the blood begins to surge into the artery that has been occlude by the inflation of the blood pressure cuff

Korotkoff sounds

the five phases of articular relaxation that are audible while obtaining a manual blood pressure

infection

the invasion and proliferation of pathogens in body tissues

diastolic pressure

the last sound heard during the blood pressure reading, it is noted when the last sound disappears completely and the blood is flowing freely

prevalence

the number of active cases of a disease or injury

cell wall

the outermost layer of the cell that maintains its shape and protects it

cryosurgery

the process of exposing tissues to extreme cold temperatures to destroy cells, may be performed for conditions such as warts or cervical dysplasia canister with liquid nitrogen, cryoprobe provide patient support and instructions, (the patient should expect to have discomfort as the tissue warms) assist with procedure

curettage

the removal of tissue or growths from a body cavity, such as the uterus, by scraping with a curette

Where is the electrical impulse for the heart generated?

the sinoatrial or SA node

cell membrane

the thin, outermost structure of human cells. it is selectively permeable

distribution

the transportation of the medication throughout the body, there are some barriers to consider, blood-brain barrier can make this harder, however, the placental barrier can make some medications dangerous to take while pregnant

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

these plans have more flexibility than HMO plans. An insured person doesn't need a PCP, but can go directly to a specialist without referrals. Although patients can see providers in or out of their network, an in-network provider usually costs less.

metabolism

this changes active forms of the medication into harmless metabolites ready for excretion through urine or feces. The liver is the primary organ but the kidneys are also part of this step

radial pulse

thumb side of wrist, most common site for taking an adult pulse

levothyroxine

thyroid hormone

liniments

topical

lotions

topical

powders

topical

patches

topical (transdermal)

sprays

topical, nasal, inhalation, sublingual

ointments

topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, rectal

creams

topical, vaginal, rectal

Posterior (dorsal)

toward the back of the body

proximal

toward the center or point of attachment

Anterior (ventral)

toward the front of the body

Toxoplasma gondii

toxoplasmosis; food borne, vector (animal), transplacental (pregnant patient to fetus)

urinary bladder

urinary system, small muscular sac located within the pelvic cavity that is responsible for storing urine

Trichinella spiralis

trichinosis; foodborne (undercooked pork)

Trichomonas vaginalis

trichomoniasis; sexual

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

tuberculosis; airborne, droplet

rotation

turning around an axis

eversion

turning outward or inside out

Rickettsia prowazekii

typhus; vector (tick)

subcutaneous

under the skin of the abdomen, anterior thighs, upper outer arm, upper back (under the shoulder), CCMA permitted to administer

sublingual

under the tongue, CCMA permitted to administer

urethral

urethra, CCMA permitted to administer according to office policy

Kidneys

urinary system, located on either side of the vertebral column at the level of the top lumbar vertebrae. the kidneys are responsible for removing waste from the blood and producing urine

colonoscopy/hysteroscopy

using an instrument to inspect the vaginal area dan cervix or the uterus and deliver treatments or perform diagnostic testing, cryosurgery, ionization, or biopsies may be included colposcope/hysteroscope, exam table with stirrups the patient will be in the lithotomy position and will experience discomfort and pressure, provide with patient instructions, assist with provider as needed, all specimens should be properly collected and prepared for transport to the laboratory, this procedure should not be performed white the patient is having menses

foams

vaginal

suppositories

vaginal, rectal

vaginal

vaginal/vulva, CCMA permitted to administer, according to office policy

diuretic

water pill

BMI

weight (kg) / height (m^2), ( weight (lb) / height (in^2) ) x 703

Bordetella pertussis

whooping cough; airborne

intra-articular

within a joint

abdominal cavity

within the abdomen, houses several major organs

Cranial Cavity

within the bony cranium, houses the meninges (brain)

thoracic cavity

within the chest, houses the lungs, heart, and major vessels