Ch 11 Practice Quiz 2

A person who is experiencing an endemic goiter can be treated with dietary supplements of ______________. A) calcium B) ADH C) corticosteroids D) iodine

D) iodine

The hormones that are small, nonpolar and can be taken orally, yet are not steroids are __________________. A) prostaglandins B) estrogen and progesterone C) insulin and glucagon D) thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

D) thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

The regulatory molecule nitric oxide (NO) helps to relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels causing vasodilation by producing cyclic AMP as a second messenger. A) True B) False

B) False

A person with a toxic goiter would have very high levels of which of the following hormones? A) Thyroxine B) TRH C) TSH D) PTH

A) Thyroxine

Anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins (FSH and LH) is controlled by positive feedback loops from hormones produced by target cells. A) True B) False

A) True

In most respects the actions of neurotransmitters and hormones on their target cells are distinctly different. A) True B) False

A) True

The term often added as a suffix to the name of hormones such as those from the anterior pituitary is trophic which means "feed" often shortened to tropic which means "attracted to". A) True B) False

A) True

The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is called the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, transporting, releasing, and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus toward specific target cells in the anterior pituitary. A) True B) False

A) True

Which of the following describes the synergistic effects of hormones? A) Two or more hormones working together to produce a particular result. B) One hormone is needed to enhance the responsiveness of an organ to a second hormone. C) The two hormones have no effect alone. D) The effects of the two hormones are always additive.

A) Two or more hormones working together to produce a particular result.

Steroid hormones ___________. A) are derived from cholesterol molecules B) are polar molecules C) include the prostaglandins and the sex hormones testosterone and progesterone D) bind mostly to receptors in the cell membrane

A) are derived from cholesterol molecules

The enzyme that is activated by the production of cAMP as the second messenger of target proteins is ______________. A) protein kinase B) phosphodiesterase C) adenylate cyclase D) phospholipase C

A) protein kinase

Hormones bind to receptor proteins with high capacity and low affinity. A) True B) False

B) False

Prostaglandins are ___________. A) twenty-seven carbon-long fatty acids containing a 5-membered carbon ring B) derived from arachidonic acid released from phospholipids in the cell membrane C) produced by the enzyme lipoxygenase D) degraded by the action of cyclooxygenase

B) derived from arachidonic acid released from phospholipids in the cell membrane

The pulsatile secretion of hormones _______________. A) describes how all hormones are released B) is needed to prevent upregulation of target cells C) is needed to prevent the downregulation of target cells D) prolongs the half-life of a given hormone

C) is needed to prevent the downregulation of target cells

Thromboxanes ______________. A) are responsible for smooth muscle relaxation B) are synthesized from cholesterol C) stimulate aggregation of platelets D) induce vasodilation

C) stimulate aggregation of platelets

The production of cyclic AMP within target cell is regulated by the enzyme __________. A) protein kinase B) phosphodiestrase C) adenylate cyclase

C) adenylate cyclase

Which of the following specific regulators belong to the group of molecules called lymphokines that are produced by lymphocytes (WBC) are involved in specific immunity? A) bradykinins B) endothelins C) nitric oxide D) interleukins

D) interleukins

Between which of the following hormone pairs is the interaction between hormones not an example of the permissive effect of a first hormone for a second hormone? A) Estrogen for prolactin on the mammary glands during pregnancy. B) Parathyroid hormone for vitamin D3 on blood Ca2+ levels. C) Estrogen for progesterone on the uterus. D) Insulin for glucagon on adipose tissue.

D) Insulin for glucagon on adipose tissue.

Whether a molecule acts as a neurotransmitter or a hormone, which statement about physiological regulation by these molecules is false? A) Target cells must have specific receptor proteins with which these molecules combine. B) When these molecules bind to target cells, specific sequences of changes must occur. C) There must be an "off-switch" that will stop the induced changes. D) Second messengers will always be involved in the response of the target cell.

D) Second messengers will always be involved in the response of the target cell.

Caffeine has which of the following effects? A) increased acetylcholine activity B) increased phosphodiesterase activity C) increased acetylcholinesterase activity D) decreased phosphodiesterase activity

D) decreased phosphodiesterase activity