Ch. 13-15 Review for Unit 4 AP World

A French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

.Condorcet and the idea of progress

The number of slaves shipped from Africa to the Americas peaked in the 1500s. 1600s. 1700s. 1800s.

1700s.

Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking? Discouraging exports Encouraging free trade Using slave labor Accumulating precious metals

Accumulating precious metals

Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions? Colonial Brazil British North America The Caribbean Spanish America

British North America

Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750? Through economic competition By ending China's tribute system By force of arms and conquest By establishing diplomatic relations

By force of arms and conquest

The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted... a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture. the forced conversion of Hindus to Islam. a distinctly Islamic identity. the removal of non-Muslims from high office.

a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.

Both Wang Yangmin in his view of Confucianism and Martin Luther in his view of Christianity attacked local customs as idolatry and sought to purify their respective traditions. invoked divine will to justify the power and privileges of the elite. argued that individuals could find their own path to virtue and salvation. fought for religious tolerance and social justice for the poor and oppressed.

argued that individuals could find their own path to virtue and salvation.

How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands? They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity. They were absorbed into Chinese and Russian society and lost their identity. They abandoned their nomadic lifestyle and enjoyed success as merchants. They formed a military confederation and won their independence.

hey no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity.

Literally, "research based on evidence"; Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

kaozheng.

Map 14.4 in the textbook shows that the most common destination(s) in the Americas for West African slaves was(were) icas for West African slaves was(were) a. British North America and the United States. the Caribbean and Brazil. Mexico. Peru

the Caribbean and Brazil.

Refer to Map 13.3 in the textbook. The addition of Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet to the Chinese empire during the Qing dynasty led to the creation of the Court of Colonial Affairs. the permanent end of the tribute system. border skirmishes with the Russian Empire. border skirmishes with the Mughal Empire.

the creation of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century contributed to wars with Spain for control of the silver trade. a population explosion and ecological crisis. the end of civil war and the unification of Japan. Japan's rise as an empire by the seventeenth century.

the end of civil war and the unification of Japan.

An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Catholic Counter-Reformation.

Which of the following was the most intent on converting native peoples to their religion? Puritans Catholics Buddhists Hindus

Catholics

Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe? The majority of the population had converted to Islam by the sixteenth century. Christians remained a permanent underclass in Ottoman society. Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs. Christians who refused to convert migrated to the Americas.

Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs.

Which of the following describes a feature of the North American, but not the Russian, fur trade in the early modern period? The local population suffered from exposure to European epidemic diseases against which they had no immunity. The local population became dependent on European trade goods. Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population. Some animal species were hunted to near extinction.

Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population.

Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543) who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Copernicus.

Question #21 - What commodity was called soft gold in early modern commerce? Furs Spices Silver Textiles

Furs

Italian mathematician and astronomer (1564-1642) who improved the telescope and made a series of discoveries that put into question well-established understandings of the cosmos. He published his findings in 1610 in a book titled The Starry Messenger. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Galileo.

Some scientists have linked the Little Ice Age that spanned much of the early modern period to the devshirme. Great Dying. discovery of Siberia. plantation complex.

Great Dying.

What is Yasak? A vegetable grown by the Mayans that made it's way to Europe through the Columbian Exchange. Tribute paid by the Hindus to Emperor Akbar A term that meant treaty between the Spanish and the Mayans. tribute that Russian rulers demanded from native people of Siberia, most often in form of furs

tribute that Russian rulers demanded from native people of Siberia, most often in form of furs

During the centuries between 1450 and 1750, the spread of Islam was usually the work of Muslim holy men, scholars, and traders. result of conquest and forced conversions. product of state indoctrination programs. responsibility of specially chosen missionaries.

work of Muslim holy men, scholars, and traders.

Slave and later religious lay woman at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara (1606-1666), a lucky escape inspired her to pursue a pious life of mortification and good works. She gained a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Úrsula de Jesús.

Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America? Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century. Living and working conditions for slaves were similar to those of poor white men. Slaves became self-reproducing after 1750, with all slaves born in the New World. Slaves could not be set free by their owners nor could they buy their freedom.

Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century.

Which of the following describes an effect of the silver trade on Spain? It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas. It created a market-based economy with state-supported agricultural and industrial enterprises. It made the Spanish economy more regionally specialized and highly commercialized. It prompted Spanish authorities to launch a conservation program to preserve the environment.

It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas.

Which of the following describes how the fur trade affected indigenous peoples in North America? It fostered the creation of independent, self-sufficient communities. It facilitated the assimilation of indigenous peoples into British America. It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans. It enhanced women's social status because they hunted and trapped animals.

It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans.

Refer to Map 15.2 in the textbook. In which country was the spread of Christianity in the early modern era not accompanied by European conquest? Japan Mexico Peru The Philippine Islands

Japan

Series of missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become part of the culture of an Asian country in their efforts to convert the elite, although with limited success. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Jesuits in China.

Which of the following is an example of the effect of the Atlantic slave trade on African societies? Frequent slave revolts created an environment of fear and insecurity. Some European slave catchers assimilated into African society. Judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade. The use of male slaves in urban elite households became commonplace.

Judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade.

Wahhabi Islam Intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society.� Literally, "research based on evidence"; Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents.� Religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak around 1500; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women.� Major religious movement led by the theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia (Islamic Law).

Major religious movement led by the theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia (Islamic Law).

Protestant Reformation Series of missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become part of the culture of an Asian country in their efforts to convert the elite, although with limited success. Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone." Religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak around 1500; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women. Major religious movement led by the theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia.

Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone."

One of India's most beloved bhakti poets (1498-1547), she helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Mirabai.

Which of the following WAS NOT A REASON that missionary efforts to spread Christianity were less successful in China than in Spanish America? Missionaries to China working within the context of the powerful and prosperous Ming and Qing dynasties, while missionaries to Spanish America worked among a defeated population Missionaries to China were catered to in order to attract Europeans to China for trade. European missionaries required the permission of Chinese authorities to operate in China, while Spanish missionaries working in a colonial setting were less constrained. Missionaries to China deliberately sought to convert the official Chinese elite, while missionaries to Spanish America sought to convert the masses.

Missionaries to China were catered to in order to attract Europeans to China for trade.

Which of the following contributed to the Great Dying in the Americas? A volcanic eruption and an earthquake that caused flooding A prolonged drought that made farming impossible The frequent warfare between the Aztec and Inca empires Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Which of the following figures is associated with the Scientific Revolution? Mirabai Newton Voltaire Condorcet

Newton

English natural scientist (1643-1727) whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Newton.

Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone." a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Protestant Reformation.

What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible? Ranching economies Plantation crops Industrialization The slave trade

Ranching economies

Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in central Asia? A massive migration of Chinese settlers into the area Assimilation of the local populations into Chinese society Respect for the different cultures of the region The imposition of a special tax on Muslims

Respect for the different cultures of the region

Which of the following describes the reception of modern European science in China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era? Adoption of European advances in medicine only� Rejection of the applications of European science� Selective adoption of European scientific learning� Wholesale adoption of Western scientific learning�

Selective adoption of European scientific learning�

Religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak around 1500; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Sikhism.

Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history? Children of slaves were considered free. Most slaves were women and children. Most slaves were Slavic-speaking peoples. Slave status was associated with race.

Slave status was associated with race.

Which of the following describes a feature of trade in the Indian Ocean basin when Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498? Merchants ships were heavily armed. Japan regulated all trade in Asia. The Chinese navy patrolled the sea lanes. Small-scale merchants traded openly.

Small-scale merchants traded openly.

ow did the slave trade affect African states? Small-scale kinship-based societies merged to form powerful, centralized states. States involved in the slave trade invested their profits in manufacturing industries. The Kingdom of Kongo emerged as the most powerful state in West Africa. Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

Which of the following is true of slavery in the premodern Islamic world? Slaves were exclusively male because women were not enslaved.� Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status. All slaves worked in large-scale agricultural enterprises.� Slaves were treated as a form of dehumanized property.

Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status.

Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside Europe to Christianity? Jesuit missionaries in China Spanish missionaries in the Philippines Puritan missionaries in New England Portuguese missionaries in West Africa

Spanish missionaries in the Philippines

Literally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Taki Onqoy.

Question #22 - Which of the following was a consequence of the Atlantic slave trade? The Great Dying� The increase in the value of silver� The revival of the Silk Roads� The African diaspora�

The African diaspora�

How was the Enlightenment related to the Scientific Revolution? The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe. The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment introduced a new way of thinking that led to the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment was a Protestant movement, while the Scientific Revolution was a Catholic movement.

The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.

In what way was the Spanish colonization of the Philippines different from the Portuguese strongholds in the Indian Ocean basin? The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity, while the Portuguese often blended into the local populations. The Spanish only established coastal outposts, while the Portuguese conquered inland areas. The Portuguese killed large numbers of natives, but the Spanish did not use violence to enforce their rule. The Portuguese made little use of their naval superiority in establishing their strongholds, but the Spanish did.

The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity, while the Portuguese often blended into the local populations.

What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others? The absence of a literate world religion The strength of state religions The absence of military conquest The early conversion of local rulers

The absence of a literate world religion

Which of the following did all Enlightenment thinkers share? The notion of the divine right of kings The principle of gender equality The belief in progress and reason The repudiation of Christianity

The belief in progress and reason

Question #10 - Which of the following represents a form of Hinduism that shared features with mystical Sufi forms of Islam? The kaozheng movement The bhakti movement The Wahhabi movement The Taki Onqoy movement

The bhakti movement

Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period? The enslavement of Native Americans to support the fur trade The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods The removal of Native Americans in the interior to reservations The monopoly of the fur trade by Russian hunters and trappers

The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods

Which of the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas? A shift in the global balance of power in favor of Russia The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents The spread of smallpox from the Americas to Eurasia A sharp decline in population in Europe and Asia

The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents

Which of the following describes the Japanese government's treatment of Japanese merchants operating in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century? The government guaranteed the safety of the Japanese merchants. The government regulated the Japanese merchants in order to tax them. The government disavowed any responsibility for the Japanese merchants. The government encouraged the Japanese merchants to establish colonies.

The government disavowed any responsibility for the Japanese merchants.

Which of the following describes a feature of the syncretic religions of African slave communities in the New World? The emphasis on education, moral purity, and personal conversion� The rejection of science, reason, and logic in religious practice� The exclusive focus on animal sacrifice and spirit possession� The identification of West African gods with Catholic saints�

The identification of West African gods with Catholic saints�

Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange? The emergence of Western Europeans on the world stage The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet The rivalry between Catholic Spain and Protestant England The interaction between the Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations

The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet

Which of the following marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries? The Catholic Church's crushing of the Taki Onqoy movement The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians The issuance of the Edict of Nantes The emergence of Wahhabi Islam

The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians

What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe? Illuminated manuscripts The printing press The Council of Trent The Society of Jesus

The printing press

Scholars have identified which of the following as a key factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution in Europe? The relative independence of European universities The superiority of the libraries in Western Europe Europe's leadership in the fields of mathematics and medicine before 1000 C.E. The merging of the study of the natural order with philosophy and theology

The relative independence of European universities

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy? European states required payment of taxes in silver. It set off a decade-long worldwide recession. It limited the purchasing power of European states. The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism? They rejected Catholicism completely and maintained their local cultures. They blended their old customs into Catholic practices. They only pretended to be Catholic when Europeans were around. They abandoned their old religions and embraced Catholicism entirely.

They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.

How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the seventeenth century? They welcomed Europeans for their technological expertise and scientific knowledge. They protected Christian missionaries and sponsored Christian churches. They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch, who were allowed to trade at a single site. They established regular diplomatic relations with European states.

They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch, who were allowed to trade at a single site.

Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires? They spread diseases to conquered peoples. They were initiated by maritime expansion. They were created by merchants. They were accompanied by religious conversion of conquered peoples.

They were initiated by maritime expansion.

Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World? They had a long tradition of exploring distant lands by boat. They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas. They believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean. They lands lacked iron, which drove them to search for deposits.

They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.

Which of the following reflects the Enlightenment view of the innate qualities of the individual? Intolerant, close-minded, and hypocritical Conservative, complacent, and obedient Aggressive, neurotic, and irrational Thoughtful, rational, and independent

Thoughtful, rational, and independent

Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia? To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on the trade in Eastern goods To establish colonies for their growing population and create markets for their goods To continue the Crusades in Asia and Pacific Oceania To establish a base on the eastern end of the Silk Road

To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on the trade in Eastern goods

Which of the following was NOT a motivation for Europeans to expand into the Americas? To search for Gold and other precious metals To flee from repeated Asian and Muslim invasions To missionize the indigenous people living in the Americas To create a colonial empire

To flee from repeated Asian and Muslim invasions

Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World? To acquire gold and jewels from the Spanish To learn about European culture and history To appease the gods and avert natural disasters To gain an advantage against their own enemies

To gain an advantage against their own enemies

Which of the following was a goal of the Wahhabi movement? To return to what was considered the pure faith of early Islam To promote religious blending to create a new Islamic faith To teach religious tolerance and encourage syncretism To eliminate the patriarchal framework of Islamic law

To return to what was considered the pure faith of early Islam

Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century? To control the Silk Roads To secure its borders from attack To gain access to gunpowder weapons To monopolize the spice trade

To secure its borders from attack

In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand? The Treaty of Nerchinsk The Treaty of Tordesillas The Reconquista and its aftermath The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

What aspect of Ottoman society did many Europeans admire? The Ottomans' spirit of religious tolerance Their variety of spices How their trading centers and markets were almost as vast as those held in China Their strong administrative abilities

The Ottomans' spirit of religious tolerance

Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century? Goa Macao Mombasa The Philippines

The Philippines

Which of the following describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion? Enslavement Genocide Resettlement Assimilation

Assimilation

What similar feature did Andean (the Inca) Christianity and Mexican Christianity share? Both defined Christian rituals as civil observances rather than religious practices. Both condemned the ritual of Holy Communion as a kind of cannibalism. Both used Christian communities to organize rebellions against Spanish rule. Both reinterpreted Christian practices within the framework of local customs.

Both reinterpreted Christian practices within the framework of local customs.

Intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

European Enlightenment.

Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade? European merchants secured all their slaves by seizing them in raids deep within the interior of Africa. European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites. Europeans possessed immunities to the diseases of the region, giving them an advantage in controlling the trade. African rulers universally opposed the slave trade on humanitarian grounds and worked together to suppress it.

European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites.

Which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade? The market in textiles The spread of Islam The Middle Passage The Little Ice Age

The Little Ice Age

What did the kaozheng movement in China emphasize? Introspection and contemplation as a means to achieve the virtuous life Withdrawal from the world as a means to gain spiritual enlightenment Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry Attention to church sacraments and good works as the only path to salvation

Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry

Pen name of the French philosopher François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778), whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion. He wrote Candide. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Voltaire.

Major religious movement led by the theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia. a.Protestant Reformation. b.Sikhism. c.Catholic Counter-Reformation. d.Copernicus. e.Úrsula de Jesús. f.Newton. g.Taki Onqoy. h. Galileo. i.Jesuits in China. j.Voltaire. k.Wahhabi Islam. l. European Enlightenment. m.kaozheng. n.Condorcet and the idea of progress o. Mirabai.

Wahhabi Islam.

The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was... dependent on the import of African slaves for labor. based on commercial agriculture and mining. supported by piracy and smuggling. administered by Spanish missionaries.

based on commercial agriculture and mining.

Question #23 - The origins of the Atlantic slave trade were associated with the expansion of Russia. production of sugar. Little Ice Age. trade in silver.

production of sugar.

In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in North America... married indigenous women more frequently and were less racist. sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas. were almost exclusively male and Catholic. faced many class and racial restrictions.

sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas.

Europeans who participated in the Scientific Revolution placed value on knowledge that was acquired through the writings of classical philosophers. rational inquiry based on evidence. cultural tradition and social practice. the Roman Catholic Church's interpretation of the Bible.

rational inquiry based on evidence.

Question #4 - The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in fur. spices. silk. silver.

silver.