Ch. 2 Molecules & Chemical Bonds

Types of Chemical Bonds

-Ionic Bonds -Covalent Bonds -Hydrogen Bonds -Van der Waals forces

Covalent Bonds

-Sharing of electrons -exist as neutral molecules -relatively weak force of attraction between molecules -remain as same molecule in water and will not conduct electricity

Molecular formula

identifies constituent elements and how many atoms of each are present

Compounds

molecules composed of two or more different elements

Isomers

molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangement of their atoms

Ionic Bonds

-Transfer of Electrons -Contains positive and negative ions -Strong force of attraction between particles -Separates into charged particles in water to give a solution that conducts electricity

Single covalent bond

one pair of electrons are shared

Molecules

chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond

Chemical bonds

forces that hold molecules together, or attract one molecule to another

Hydrogen Bond

-a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another -relatively weak bonds -very important to physiology(protein structure/DNA structure)

Structural Formula

Location of each atom Structural isomers revealed

Nonpolar and polar covalent bonds

the strongest of all chemical bonds

Double covalent bonds

two pairs of electrons are shared