Ch 3 Revolution and New Nation (12-13-14)

Administration Act

-Pretty much the same as the Boston Port Act but it affected all the colonies. -Also, took away right of self gov and would be sent to trial if they rebelled. It made trade more difficult and it suspended Legislatures. -Abolished colonial laws → became one of the intolerable acts.

First Navigation Act

-Products could only be delivered to commonwealth -They wanted to slow down trade for the Dutch -sparked the First Anglo-Dutch War

Writs of Assistance

illegally searching someone's property to search for smuggled goods

What argument did the colonists use to protest the Stamp Act?

the colonists argued that they were entitled to the rights of the British people and could be taxed only by their own representatives; argued that only the colonists' political representatives, and not Parliament, had the right to tax them

Why do we have multiple layers of government?

to protect US from becoming a monarchy

Veto

Someone in executive branch to approve/disapprove law

Amendment

Someone in judicial branch to change the law (or law specifications)

Impeach

Someone in legislative branch to remove someone from exec branch (generally by charging the holder of a public office with misconduct)

Guerrilla Warfare (benefits of this tactic)

element of surprise; on the defense; small group moves faster and hides more efficiently; home-field advantage

Societal Views --African Americans --Women --Loyalists --Patriots

--Manumission: slave owner freeing his/her slaves (in the North, freed and treated as equal; in the South, treated as expendable) --Women take care of homefront while men are fighting (creating materials (clothes, blankets, etc) --Loyalists are heavily disliked by the colonists (seen as traitors; excommunicated from the United States to England and Canada) --Patriots are well liked by the colonists (seen as heroes and leaders; appreciated for their loyalty to the colonies; promoted to governors and other political leaders)

The Boston Port Act

-Limited all imports from Massachusetts → had no imports so they couldn't get anything -Supposed to be punishment for Boston Tea Party -Backfired because the other colonies gave them the supplies they needed.

Legislative

writes laws; power to override veto and impeach

Massachusetts

A State of Rebellion England decided to increase troops in Massachusetts to deal with any disorders from there

Constitutional Convention (The Guest List)

All 13 states were invited to attend a convention that was "for the sole purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation" Rhode Island did not send any representatives #shotsfired

Boston Massacre

Altercation between colonists and British soldiers, 11 wounded/dead

Declaratory Act

Asserted that colonies were subordinate to the British Parliament, and that Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies

Currency Act of 1764

Banned the use of paper money in the colonies because it tended to lose its value very quickly

Antifederalists

Believed strong central government would limit states' rights -Advantage: no need to trust government -Disadvantage: disorganized as a group

Federalists

Believed strong central government would maintain order -Advantage: strong leaders and well organized -Disadvantage: constitution was new and we didn't know if it would work

Checks and Balances

Branches limit each others power

How did Britain hope to solve its financial problems after the French and Indian War?

Britain believed that America should share the cost, and would proceed to tax them heavily in order to make up the deficit Sugar Act, Stamp Act, etc

Townshend Acts

Britain's financial problems had worsened during the Stamp Act crisis; set of new measures to raise money from the colonies Such measures included putting customs duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea imported into the colonies Infuriated many colonists

Government is extremely loose

Broke away from Motherland (very strict), so they impose the opposite side of the spectrum and lived under a loose, carefree government

Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important to the Americans?

Built American confidence; showed that the largely untrained colonial militia could stand up to one of the world's most feared armies

French Perspective

Built forts to stop British Colonies from expanding Westward

Pontiac's Rebellion

Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements in order to stop westward expansion; the natives were upset from the expansion westward and the fact that the British did not offer gifts

Gaspee

Colonists burned a British ship

How did fear of tyranny shape new state constitutions and the Article of Confederation?

Did not want to give up the independence they fought the British for to a new central government that might become tyrannical

Prior to French-Indian War

England signed a peace treaty with the French and the New Englanders were forced to release Louisbourg

Three-Fifths Compromise

Every 5 slaves would count as 3 free individuals towards the state's population This was important because this would provide a state with representatives and also determine the amount of taxes that were to be paid

Lexington and Concord

First battles of the American Revolution emerges

How did European countries aid the Americans in the war for Independence?

France and Spain recognized America's nationhood and provided military and financial aid to help fight Britain

French-Indian War

French and Natives vs Colonies; NOT a war between French and Indians

British Perspective

French provoked the war by building a bunch of forts near the Ohio River Valley

Empires at War

French, Spanish, and English were not getting along and were fighting each other to establish a clear power of Europe The stakes were extremely high since the winner would be able to be the leader of the West Indies and Canada and an opportunity to dominate Colonial Trade

Seven Years' War

French-Indian Wart started in Colonies and spread to Europe

Federalism

Having multiple governments running at one time Relationship between state and national government

How did the British react to the Boston Tea Party?

Last straw for the British Passed the Coervice Acts: Boston Port Act- shut down Boston's port until tea paid for Mass. Govt. Act- no elections, town meetings banned Admin. of Justice Act- moved trials of the British to England new quartering act- local officials must house soldiers

Separation of Power; LEJ

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

What actions did colonists take in response to the Stamp Act?

Pamphlets and newspapers spoke out against the tax Sons of Liberty organized meetings and protests Declaration of Rights and Grievances was drafted

Nationalist

People believed that the United States would fail without the presence of a central government People who wanted a strong central government were known as Nationalists

The Quebec Act

People had more religious freedoms and more land. ex: Catholics weren't allowed to be part of Govt and now they were.

Proclamation of 1763

People in the south wanted to expand west; wanted more land to farm because they were exhausting the land they had The proclamation made an imaginary line from North to South along the Appalachian Mountains The border was to keep colonists East and anyone who wanted to go West would have to ask for permission

What was General Howe's two-part strategy to win the war quickly?

Placed many troops in New York to intimidate Americans and to capture New York City, and invited delegates from the Continental Congress to a peace conference, promising that those who surrendered and swore loyalty to the king would be pardoned

Albany Plan of Union

Plan that provided for an inter-colonial government and a recruiting system for troops The people also wanted to collect taxes from the various colonies for their common defense, but this portion of the plan was not executed Even though this failed, it showed that the colonial leaders wanted to join together for defense

New Jersey Plan

Proposed only one house instead of two; Every state has two representatives Raises Articles of Confederation This plan favors smaller states, limits larger states voice

Virginia Plan

Proposed the Congress should have two houses They wanted to get rid of the Articles of Confederation and start all over from scratch This plan favored larger states, limits smaller states voice

The Great Compromise / The Connecticut Plan

Proposes that congress should have two houses: -Senate: the house that every state would have equal representation -House of Representatives: the house that each state was represented based on state population Derives from dispute between Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan This plan was adopted

Quartering Act

Required colonists to provide barracks for British troops or pay to house them; supposed to protect the soldiers Intended to make the colonies pay more for their own defense Invasion of privacy

Stamp Act

Required stamps to be bought and placed on most printed materials Money was to be used to help pay the costs of defending and protecting the American frontier

Actions of the Congress

Resist the Intolerable Acts by boycotting them The Declaration of Rights and Grievances urging the king to make things right with colonies Urged the creation of economic committees Have a second meeting if the efforts were not recognized by England

Popular Sovereignty

Rule by the people

The First Continental Congress

The intention of this meeting is to decide how the Colonies would react to the Intolerable Acts All the colonies, except Georgia, send delegates to a convention in Philadelphia

Sugar Act

The act changed the tax rates on imports of raw sugar and molasses; it also placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, and indigo The French West Indies and the British West Indies were the main producers of molasses and had rivalry. British Parliament instituted this act over America so all molasses and sugar products that were not manufactured by Britain would be taxed. People wouldn't buy molasses from the French Indies because of it's expense, so they would buy it from the British Indies → British would be more successful.

Constitutional Convention (Privatization)

They chose to keep this meeting private to avoid political pressures and to have honest conversations George Washington was chosen as the presiding officer

Annapolis Convention

This convention was made to discuss the nations trade and transportation problems Since only 5 states were there, no real business was discussed. Instead the representatives discussed how to strengthen the Articles of Confederation The members at this convention wanted another convention to talk about strengthening the Articles of Confederation

Patriots in the North Loyalists in the South

This is because the North politically ran the show on behalf of all of the colonies, and considering the Patriots were heavily populated here, the Loyalists found it best to settle in the South by definition of opposition to these Patriots

What was the American strategy for attacking the British at sea?

attacking British merchant ships, which seriously harmed Britain's trade and economy

What 3 major disadvantages did the British face in the American Revolution?

changing war tactics, disunity at home, and European balance of power guerilla warfare, those against the war, those who wanted to exploit Britain's problems

Judicial

judges laws; power to amend

How did the civil rights of African Americans change after the Revolutionary War?

manumission was responsible for a wave of free black men in America

Executive

passes laws; power to veto

State Constitution

process of government within a boundary