Ch. 36- Nutrition

Which nursing student statement regarding vegetarian diets requires further teaching from the nursing instructor?

"According to research, vegetarians have a higher incidence of obesity than others."

A client tells the nurse, "As long as I only eat 2,400 calories per day, it does not matter which foods I eat." Which response by the nurse is best?

"Can you share an example of what you ate yesterday?"

A nurse is planning a high-energy diet for a client. Which statement by the nurse best describes the types of foods the client should include in the diet?

"Include plenty of grains, fruits, and vegetables in your diet."

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching?

"My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins."

A nursing student is teaching healthy nutrition to a client who is vegetarian. Which statement by the nursing student requires the nursing instructor to intervene?

"Obesity is closely linked with vegetarianism."

The nurse is teaching about the significance of calcium in the diet at a local senior center. Which statement by participant requires correction?

"The most important nutrients for my bones' health are calcium and potassium."

The nurse is educating a client taking furosemide for heart failure about eating foods that are rich in potassium. Which statement made by the client indicates that education was effective?

"When I take my medication, I will eat a banana or take it with a glass of orange juice."

The nurse is teaching a client about ways in which to reduce sodium in the diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend that the client avoid? Select all that apply.

-cured ham -bacon -table salt

Which client(s), at risk for poor nutritional intake, would benefit from nutritional counseling from the nurse? Select all that apply.

-older adults living on fixed incomes -people with substance use problems -pregnant teenagers

A nurse is estimating caloric requirements for a female client whose healthy weight is 120 lb (54.4 kg) and whose activity level is moderate. What will the client's recommended total daily calories be?

1,680

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?

Adulthood

A nurse documents a client's hemoglobin as 8 g/dL (80 g/L). What nutritional condition does this biochemical data signify?

Anemia

The nurse has obtained a client's capillary blood glucose sample and the results are significantly lower than reference range. What is the nurse's priority action?

Assess the client for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

The nurse has obtained a client's capillary blood glucose sample and the results are significantly lower than reference range. What is the nurse's priority action? 19

Assess the client for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Aspiration. When preparing to assist this client with eating, how can the nurse best reduce this risk?

Assess the client's level of consciousness.

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites.

An athlete wants to increase her intake of complex carbohydrates and asks the nurse about potential sources. Which food is considered a complex carbohydrate?

Bread

Which nursing action associated with successful tube feedings follows recommended guidelines?

Check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 6 hours during a continuous feeding.

A woman consumes pasta, grains, and other carbohydrates for which purpose?

Energy

A client has had a stroke and will require long-term tube feeding. Which type of feeding tubes would be most appropriate for this client's needs?

Gastrostomy tube

The nurse is caring for a client receiving continuous tube feeding. The client has a gastric residual of 550 mL. The previous residual was 200 mL. What action should the nurse take?

Hold the enteral nutrition and notify the primary care provider.

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube?

If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water.

A nurse is caring for a client with a gastrostomy tube in place. Which is an accurate guideline for care of the insertion site?

If the gastric tube insertion site has healed and the sutures are removed, use soap and water to clean the site.

What is an appropriate intervention when unexpected situations occur during the administration of a tube feeding?

If the tube becomes clogged when aspirating contents, use warm water and gentle pressure to remove the clog.

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid gland. Which nutritional deficiency will the nurse suspect is linked to the client's condition?

Iodine

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid. What nutritional deficiency is linked to an enlarged thyroid?

Iodine

A client with partial-thickness (second-degree) burns is encouraged to increase the proteins in the diet. Which food selection from the hospital menu indicates that the client understands how to choose foods high in protein?

New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of 2 to 3 days.

The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment of an obese client who visits a weight control clinic. What information should the nurse take into consideration when planning a weight reduction plan for this client?

Psychological reasons for overeating should be explored, such as eating as a release for boredom.

The nurse is caring for a client after a facial tumor was surgically removed. The primary care provider ordered a regular diet. Which diet modification would be the best choice for the client?

Pureed

The average dietary nutrient intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group is the:

RDA level

A client with partial-thickness (second-degree) burns is encouraged to increase the proteins in the diet. Which food selection from the hospital menu indicates that the client understands how to choose foods high in protein?

Scrambled eggs with cheese

A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory values. Which laboratory value would be indicative of a client's level of malnutrition?

Serum albumin

The nurse is caring for a client who has dysphagia and is unable to eat independently. The nurse is preparing to assist the client in eating a meal. Which action is appropriate?

Speak to the client but limit the need for the client to respond verbally while chewing and swallowing.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving continuous tube feeding via a nasogastric tube. The client is slumped down in the bed with feet touching the footboard. Which action should the nurse take first before pulling the client up in bed?

Stop the enteral feeding pump.

A client having a bowel surgery asks why being NPO after surgery is necessary. Which statement by the nurse best describes the reason?

To rest the gastrointestinal tract and promote healing

A client having a bowel surgery asks why being NPO after surgery is necessary. Which statement by the nurse best describes the reason? 18

To rest the gastrointestinal tract and promote healing

A nurse is checking a client's capillary blood glucose level. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

Touch the test strip directly to a drop of blood.

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite?

Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm.

A nurse is conducting client education with a woman who meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. The nurse is teaching the client about the MyPlate tool for promoting healthy food intake. According to MyPlate, the highest proportion of food in each meal should consist of what?

Vegetables

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?

Vitamin B12

A client is prescribed warfarin, an anticoagulant. When educating this client about potential diet and drug interactions, the nurse would caution the client about foods containing which nutrient?

Vitamin K

A client who has bleeding tendencies has a deficiency in which vitamin?

Vitamin K

A client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and the client's food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?

low prealbumin levels

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an term-48increased BMR?

a client who has a fever

A client is deficient in found to be deficient in vitamin K. What complications should the nurse closely assess for related to this deficiency?

bleeding tendencies

Upon assessment, the nurse determines the client has a body mass index (BMI) of 45. This finding indicates the client is:

extremely obese.

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse will assess for complications related to:

fluid and electrolyte levels.

A client has a gastrostomy tube in place for intermittent tube feedings. What action should the nurse take prior to administering a tube feeding to ensure that the tube has not migrated? 7

mark the length of tube and assess if it at the level of the abdomen

A postmenopausal client wishes to increase the amount of vitamin D that she consumes to help keep her bones strong. Which food will the nurse recommend?

milk

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of:

negative nitrogen balance.

A 45-year-old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99.10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?

normal

The community nurse is educating client groups about nutrition. Which group does the nurse identify that will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention?

older adults living on a fixed income

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?

overweight

A nurse is working with a 45-year-old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height and weight and calculates that his BMI is 28. How would the nurse best classify James?

overweight

A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing?

protein

A nurse is learning about religious dietary restrictions at a nursing conference. Which religious meal selection should the nurse understand is appropriate?

vegetable plate for a client who practice Hinduism

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin?

vitamin B12

A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect?

vitamin D

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin E