Ch. 4 &5

A key function of the Bill of Rights is to A. protect the rights of government B. preserve the will of the majority against the actions of the minority C. protect the rights of those in the minority against the will of the majority D. specify what the gov't must do to ensure equal protection under the law for all Americans E. delegate power to the Supreme Court to have the final say on how the Constitution should be interpreted

protect the rights of those in the minority against the will of the majority

Few laws evaluated under the _________ are found invalid, b/c few laws are truly unreasonable. a. rational basis test b. "intermediate scrutiny" standard c. "exacting scrutiny" standard d. "strict scrutiny" standard e. :middle level scrutiny" standard

rational basis test

The freedom of __________ is the first freedom mentioned in the Bill of Rights. A. assembly B. speech C. religion D. petitioning the government E. press

religion

In Regents of the U of Cali v. Bakke (1978), the U.S. Supreme Court a. invalidated all affirmative action programs nationwide, deeming them "reverse discrimination" b. ruled that race cannot be used as a factor in university admissions decision c. ruled that race cannot be the sole factor used in university admissions decisions d. ruled that federal, state, and local affirmative action programs must be subject to strict scrutiny e. stated that discriminatory laws must be narrowly tailored to meet a compelling gov't interest

ruled that race cannot be the sole factor used in university admissions decisions

Since 1971, the Supreme Court has used a test to determine whether gov't aid to parochial schools is constitutional. To be constitutional, the A. aid cannot be for a secular purpose B. primary effect of the aid must inhibit religion C. aid must be for a clearly religious purpose D. aid must avoid an "excessive gov't entanglement w/ religion" E. primary effect of the aid must advance religion

aid must avoid an "excessive gov't entanglement w/ religion"

In Gratz v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court held that the undergraduate admissions policy at the University of Michigan violated the equal protection clause b/c it a. automatically awarded every "underrepresented" minority applicant 1/5 of the points needed to guarantee admission b. failed to take into account an applicant's race or ethnicity c. automatically awarded every Michigan resident 1/4 of the points needed to guarantee admission d. failed to take into account an applicant's gender e. discriminated against "underrepresented" minority applicants

automatically awarded every "underrepresented" minority applicant 1/5 of the points needed to guarantee admission

One of the tactics used by the civil rights protestors in the 1960s was ___________, the deliberate and public refusal to obey laws considered unjust. a. "Jim Crow" b. suffrage c. affirmitive action d. civil disobedience e. internment

civil disobedience

Under the __________, the government may restrict expression if that expression would cause a dangerous condition, actual or imminent, that Congress has the power to prevent. A. clear and present danger test B. Lemon test C. preferred-position doctrine D. bad tendency rule E. exclusionary rule

clear and present danger test

Racial segregation that occurs not as a result of deliberate intentions but b/c of social and economic conditions and residential patterns is called ________ segregation. a. de facto b. de jure c. de minimis d. ex post facto e. de novo

de facto

Segregation that is the result of the deliberate intent of government in known as _________ segregation. a. de facto b. ex post facto c. de novo d. de jure e. pro bono

de jure

The Supreme Court has used the ________ clause to ________ the protections guaranteed by the national Bill of Rights into the liberties protected under the Fourteenth Amendment. A. due process; incorporate B. equal protection; weave C. full faith and credit; absorb D. supremacy; merge E. necessary and proper; wrap

due process; incorporate

The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution a. granted freedom to the slaves b. required an end to segregation c. est. the separate-but-equal d. outlawed Jim Crow laws e. granted former slaves the right to vote

granted freedom to the slaves

Affirmative action programs a. have been banned in every state b. give preferential treatment to individuals or groups on the basis of race, sex, or national origin in the operation of public employment as required by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 c. have been banned in some states d. were first developed under President George W. Bush e. were first developed under Obama

have been banned in some states

The current Supreme Court doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of subversive speech is the A. "I know it when I see it" test B. "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" test C. "shouting fire in theatre" test D. imminent lawless action test E. dangerous tendency rule

imminent lawless action test

The Supreme Court has made it clear that sexual harassment a. includes harassment by members of the same sex b. cases can no longer be heard in the courts c. will not be interpreted to include the harassment of employees by their supervisors d. will no longer include hostile environment harassment e. victims cannot seek back pay and job reinstatement

includes harassment by members of the same sex

The process of applying liberties guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution to the states is called ___________. A. amendment B. judicial review C. devolution D. incorporation E. due process

incorporation

A bill of attainder A. is a legislative act that inflicts punishment on particular persons w/out granting them the right to a trial B. punishes individuals for committing an act that was legal when the act was committed C. requires an official to bring a specified prisoner into court and show the judge why the person is being kept in jail D. prohibits double jeopardy E. prohibits cruel and unusual punishments

is a legislative act that inflicts punishment on particular persons without granting them the right to a trial

The writ of habeas corpus... A. is available to all citizens, all of the time B. is available to all persons, except in times of rebellion or national invasion C. may be made unavailable at the discretion of the courts D. may be made unavailable at the discretion of Congress E. may be made unavailable at the discretion of goveners

is available to all persons, except in times of rebellion or national invasion

Commercial speech... A. is not protected by the First Amendment B. is considered slander C. receives more protection under the First Amendment than regular speech D. is protected by the First Amendment, but not as fully as regular speech E. cannot restricted by the government

is protected by the First Amendment, but not as fully as regular speech

If a law or action prevents some group of persons from exercising a fundamental right, the law or action will be subject to the ________ standard for determining whether the equal protection clause has been violated. a. "intermediate scrutiny" b. "ordinary scrutiny" c. "strict scrutiny" d. "rational basis" e. "exacting scrutiny"

"strict scrutiny"

Under the _________ standard, a law or action that discriminates against a particular group or class of individuals must be necessary to promote a compelling state interest and must be narrowly tailored to meet that interest in order to find that the equal protection clause has not been violated. a. "intermediate scrutiny" b. "ordinary scrutiny" c. "strict scrutiny" d. "rational basis" e. "exacting scrutiny"

"strict scrutiny"

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires employers to accommodate their employees' religious practices unless such accommodation causes an employer to suffer a(n) A. "undue hardship" B. "loss of productivity" C. "irreversible loss of business" D. :strike by other employees" E. "breakdown of employee morale"

"undue hardship"

In Brown II (1955), the Supreme Court ordered desegregation to begin a. "immediately" b. "with caution and care" c. "with all deliberate speed." d. "without undue delay" e. "with unchecked speed"

"with all deliberate speed."

The Bill of Rights became part of the Constitution in _________ A. 1776 B. 1787 C. 1791 D. 1896 E. 1925

1791

Which of the following forms of speech is never protected under the First Amendment? A. Acts of fraud B. Sedition and Treason C. Symbolic D. Flag burning E. Speech that facilitates liquor consumption

Acts of fraud

________ is best defined as a policy that gives special consideration, in jobs and college admissions, to members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past a. A quota system b. Reverse discrimination c. Feminism d. Affirmative action e. "Race-blind"

Affirmative action

Those prosecuted under the _______ were later pardoned by President Jefferson A. Alien and Sedition Act B. Espionage Act C. clear and present danger test D. bad tendency rule E. Smith Act

Alien and Sedition Act

The ______ requires that all public buildings and public services be accessible to persons w/ disabilities a. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 b. Individuals w/ Disabilities Edu Act c. Ams w/ Disabilities Act of 1990 d. Edu for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 e. Civil Rights Act of 1964

Ams w/ Disabilities Act of 1990

The Miranda warnings A. Or criminal procedural rules that require illegally obtained evidence to be excluded from a criminal trial B. Put a criminal suspect on notice that he or she may not request a speedy trial C. Are issued when the federal government believes that a terrorist attack is eminent D. Are a series of statements in for mean criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights E. Are given to criminal suspects when they have been charged with double jeopardy

Are a series of statements in for mean criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights

________ of the U.S. Constitution provides that writ of habeas corpus will be available to all citizens except in times of rebellion or national invasion. A. Article I, Section 9 B. Article II, Section 2 C. Article III, Section 1 D. The First Amendment E. The Fifth Amendment

Article I, Section 9

All of the following groups are more likely than whites to have incomes below the poverty line EXCEPT a. Asian Ams b. Af Ams c. Nat Ams d. Mex Ams e. Puerto Rican Ams

Asian Ams

_______ are limitations on government action, setting forth what the government cannot do. A. Bill of attainder B. Civil rights C. The Miranda warnings D. Ex post facto laws E. Civil Liberties

Civil Liberties

Discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national origin in public places of accomodation and in employment was outlawed by the a. 14 Amendment b. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Edu of Topeka (1954) c. Civil Rights Act of 1964 d. Voting Rights Act of 1965 e. Civil Rights Act of 1968

Civil Rights Act of 1964

The ______ provided that federal funds could be withheld from any federal or state gov't project or facility that practiced any from of discrimination. a. 13th Amendment b. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Edu topeka (1954) c. Civil Rights Act of 1964 d. Supreme Court's decision in Brown II (1955) e. 15th Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1964

The ___________ prohibited discrimination in housing. a. 15th Amendment b. Black Power Movement c. Voting Rights Act of 1965 d. Civil Rights Act of 1964 e. Civil Rights Act of 1968

Civil Rights Act of 1968

the ________ greatly expanded the remedies expanded the remedies available for victims of sexual harassment, including back pay, job reinstatement, and other compensation a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Civil Rights Act of 1968 c. Equal Pay Act of 1963 d. Civil Rights Act of 1991 e. 19th Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1991

The __________ prohibits Congress from passing laws "respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." A. First Amendment B. Fourth Amendment C. Sixth Amendment D. Ninth Amendment E. Tenth Amendment

First Amendment

Generally, the term civil rights refers to the rights of all Ams to equal treatment under the law, as provided by the ____________ to the constitution. a. First Amendment b. Fourth Amendment c. Eight Amendment d. Fourteenth Amendment e. Nineteenth Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

The equal protection clause of the _________ reads: "No state shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." a. First Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Thirteenth Amendment d. Fourteenth Amendment e. Nineteenth Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

The ___________ played a key role in the Supreme Court's changing stance on the application of the Bill of Rights to the states A. Barron v. Baltimore (1833) decision B. passage of the Bill of Rights C. Fourteenth Amendment D. Fifth Amendment E. Sixteenth Amendment

Fourteenth amendment

Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures can be found in the ____________________ of the US Constitution A. First Amendment B. Sixth Amendment C. Fourth Amendment D. Eighth Amendment E. Fifth Amendment

Fourth Amendment

The protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures" is found in the _________. A. Third Amendment B. Fourth Amendment C. Fifth Amendment D. Eighth Amendment E. Tenth Amendment

Fourth Amendment

In the landmark 1965 case ______, the Supreme Court held that the right to privacy is implied by other rights guaranteed in the First, Third, Fourth, and Ninth Amendments. A. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier B. Roe v. Wade C. Griswold v. Connecticut D. Lemon v. Kurtzman E. Miller v/ Cali

Griswold v. Connecticuit

The Fifth Amendment... A. Includes a requirement that no warrant for a search or interest be issued without probable cause B. Guarantees a speedy trial and a trial by jury C. Includes a protection against self-incrimination D. Includes a protection from unreasonable searches and seizures E. Includes a rate for criminal defendants to control witnesses

Includes a protection against self-incrimination

Actions taken under an executive order issued by FDR in 1942 evacuated most of the West Coast ________ population to internment camps or "relocation centers" a. Native Ams b. Jap Ams c. Russian Ams d. German Ams e. Chinese Ams

Jap Ams

__________ constitute the largest ethnic minority in the U.S. a. Latinos b. Native Ams c. Asian Ams d. Af Ams e. Arab Ams

Latinos

In ___________, the Supreme Court outlined a three-part test to determine whether government aid to parochial schools violates the establishment clause. A. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) B. Miller v. California (1973) C. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) D. Roe v. Wade (1973) E. Schenck v. U.S. (1919)

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

In 2012, ________ legalized same sec marriage a. Connecticut, Iowa, and New Hampshire b. Maine, Maryland, and Washington c. Massachusetts, Vermont, and Connecticut d. California and Nevada e. Washington D.C.

Maine, Maryland, and Washington

Most Hispanics living in the U.S., by place of origin, are from __________ a. Mexico b. Cuba c. Puerto Rico d. Central Am e. South Am

Mexico

____________________ require(s) that illegally obtained evidence not to be admissible to court A. The Miranda warnings B. The exclusionary rule C. Probable cause D. Double jeopardy E. National Security Letters

The exclusionary rule

In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Curt held that the University of Michigan Law Schools admissions policy was constitutional b/c a. it gave a "diversity bonus" of only 5 pnts to "underrepresented minorities" b. it did not ask applicants to reveal their race or ethnicity and thus did not take these factors into account c. it did not apply a mechanical formula giving "diversity bonuses" based on race or ethnicity d. it automatically awarded 5 pnts to female applicants in an effort to remedy past discriminatory practices e. the law school required a first-year class to have an equal number of men and women

it did not apply a mechanical formula giving "diversity bonuses" based on race or ethnicity

The intermediate scrutiny standard is used to determine if ________ are permissible. a. laws based on gender classification b. laws based on racial classification c. certain minicipal ordinances d. laws based on religious classifications e. laws based on rational classification

laws based on gender classification

If q newspaper or tabloid publishes something about a person that is untrue, w/ the intent of injuring that person's reputation, and actual harm results, the newspaper or tabloid has engaged in _________ C. libel D. symbolic speech E. obscenity

libel

The Supreme Court a. overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine in Brown v. the Board of Edu. of Topeka (1954) b. overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) c. upheld the separate-but-equal doctrine in Brown v.Board of Edu. of Topeka (1954) d. extended the separate-but-equal doctrine to justify classifications based on gender in Craig c. Boren (1976) e. upheld the separate-but-equal doctrine in Brown II (1955)

overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine in Brown v. the Board of Edu. of Topeka (1954)

According to the ____________, any law that limits the freedom of speech or the press-- freedoms essential to a democracy-- should be presumed unconstitutional unless he government can show that the law is absolutely necessary. A. clear and present danger test B. incorporation doctrine C. preferred- position doctrine D. bad tendency test E. Lemon test

preferred- position doctrine

Stopping expression before it happens is known as __________. A. intimidation B. preferred position C. government police powers D. protection of the public good E. prior restraint

prior restraint

In Eagle v. Vitale (1962), Supreme Court A. upheld an Alabama law authorizing a daily one-minute period of silence for meditation and voluntary prayer B. ruled that the State Board of Regents in New York had acted unconstitutionally by composing a prayer to be used in public school classrooms at the start of each day C. held that individuals cannot pray in public schools, and teachers may no longer wish their students a " Merry Christmas" D. held that public schools are barred from teaching about religion ' E. ruled that the State Board of Regents in NY had acted constitutionally when composing a prayer to be used in public school classrooms, because the prayer was nondenonemational

ruled that the State Board of Regents in New York had acted unconstitutionally by composing a prayer to be used in public school classrooms at the start of each day

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) concerned the policies of 2 school districts that were trying to achieve a more diversified student body by giving preference to minority students is space in the schools was limited and a choice among applicants had to be made. The Supreme Court a. ruled that the policies did not violate the equal protection clause b. ruled that the policies violated the due process clause c. ruled that the policies violated the equal protection clause d. overruled its 2003 decision in Grutter v. Bollinger, & held that race cannot be used as a factor when determining admissions or enrollments in any public school or university e. ruled that the policies did not violate the due process clause

ruled that the policies violated the equal protection clause

In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court est. the ________ doctrine to justify segregation. a. imminent lawless action b. bad tendency c. separate but equal d. implied powers e. judicial review

separate-but-equal

In response to legal challenges against race-based affirmative action programs in college admissions, some colleges and universities have adopted policies based on ________ instead. a. socioeconomic class b. age c. personal statements and grade point average d. athletic performance and artistic achievement e. demographics and geography

socioeconomic class

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that a. state laws banning same-sex marriage violate the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution b. all states must recognize civil unions and grant most of the benefits of marriage to registered same-sex couples c. the "dont ask, dont tell" policy was unconstitutional d. states may not pass domestic partnership laws that grant most of the benefits of marriage to registered same-sex couples e. sodomy laws violate the 14th Amendment's due process clause

sodomy laws violate the 14th Amendment's due process clause

The Fifteenth Amendment a. granted freedom to the slaves b. provided a constitutional basis for slavery c. stated that voting rights could not be abridged on account of race d. stated that voting rights could not be abridged on account of sex (gender) e. stated that the rights granted to individuals in the Bill of Rights is not a comprehensive list, and others are retained by the people.

stated that voting rights could not be abridged on account of race

The First Amendment to the Constitution A. addresses the right to bear arms B. states " Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech" C. guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial D. addresses the right to a trial by jury E. states that " Congress shall protect the right to privacy of all persons"

states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech"

A law based on a suspect classification is subject to __________ scrutiny by the courts. a. ordinary b. intermediate c. exacting d. strict e. minimal

strict

In Adarand Constructors Inc v. Pena (1995), the Supreme Court held that any federal, state , or local affirmative action program that uses racial classifications as the basis for making decisions us subject to ________ by the courts. a. strict scrutiny b. ordinary scrutiny c. intermediate scrutiny d. exacting scrutiny e. middle-level scrutiny

strict scrutiny

A law based on race is subject to strict scrutiny by the courts, b/c race is considered a(n) _______ classification. a. problematic b. ambiguous c. acceptable d. questionable e. suspect

suspect

Burning the American flag as a gesture of protest is an example of protest is an example of ______ A. obscenity B. symbolic speech C. slander D. libel E. seditious speech

symbolic speech

Of the more than ten thousand members who have served in the U.S. House of Representatives, only ________ have been women. a. 1% b. 5% c. 15% d. 25% e. 30%

1%

Women now constitute nearly _______ of state legislatures a. 1/4 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 2/3 e. 3/4

1/4

Native Ams had no civil rights under U.S. laws until a. 1781, when the Northwest Ordinance was passed b. 1824, when Congress est. the Bureau of Indian Affairs c. the late 1880s, when U.S. policy focused on the assimilation of Native Ams into Am society d. 1924, when the citizenship rights spelled out the 14th Amendment were extended to Am Indians e. 1973, when supporters of the Am Indian Movement took over Wounded knee , SD, to protest the gov'ts policy toward Native Ams

1924, when the citizenship rights spelled out the 14th Amendment were extended to Am Indians

Starting in ____________, the Supreme Court gradually began using the due process clause to say that states could not abridge a civil liberty that the national government could not abridge. A. 1880 B. 1925 C. 1953 D. 1964 E. 1971

1925

The Supreme Court was particularly active during the _________ in broadening its interpretation of the due process clause to ensure that states and localities could not infringe on civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights. A. 1880s B. 1920s C. 1950s D. 1960s E. 1980s

1960s

The _______ to the Constitution, ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote. a. 18th Amendment b. 14th Amendment c. 15th Amendment d. 19th Amendment e. 21st Amendment

19th Amendment

The right to bear arms described in the Second Amendment was incorporated in ___________. A. 1868 B. 1925 C. 1949 D. 1965 E. 2010

2010

By 2050, Latinos are expected to constitute about ________ of the U.S. pop a. 10% b. 17% c. 23% d. 30% e. 52%

30%

Nearly ________ of Asian Ams over the age of 25 have college degrees a. 7% b. 13% c. 24% d. 31% e. 40%

40%

Today, more than _________ of the state legislators in Arizona, Cali, Colorado, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas are of Hispanic ancestry a. 5% b. 10% c. 16% d. 23% e. 34%

5%

Mex Ams constitute about _____ of the Latino pop living in the U.S. a. 4% b. 7% c. 9% d. 15% e. 65%

65%

Female managers earn, on , only _____ of what male managers earn a. 40% b. 50% c. 70% d. 65% e. 85%

70%

In ___________, the Supreme Court decided that the Bill of Rights did not apply to state laws A. Barron v. Baltimore (1833) B. Gitlow v. New York (1925) C. Everson v. Board of Education (1947) D. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) E. McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Many of our liberties were added by the ______, ratified in 1791 A. ex post facto laws B. writs of habeas corpus C. Bill of Rights D. bills of attainder E. Miranda warnings

Bill of Rights

The promise of the addition of a(n) _________ to the Constitution helped to ensure its ratification A. Bill of Rights B. bill of attainder C. writ of habeas corpus D. prohibition against ex post facto laws E. national security letter

Bill of Rights

________ appointed the first woman to a cabinet post a. FDR b. JFK c. Bill Clinton d. GWB e. Obama

FDR

The first "woman's rights" convention , organized in 1848, adopted a ______, which stated, "We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal." a.Declaration of Independence b. Statement of Principles c. Declaration of Sentiments d. Constitution c. Call of Action

Declaration of Sentiments

The prohibition of "cruel and unusual punishments" is included in the _________ A. Fourth amendment B. Fifth amendment C. Sixth amendment D. Eighth amendment E. Tenth amendment

Eighth Amendment

In _________, the Supreme Court ruled that a state law prohibiting the teaching of evolution is unconstitutional A. Everson v. Board of Edu. (1947) B. Engel v. Vitale (1962) C. Stone v. Graham (1980) D. Epperson v. Arkansas (1968) E. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)

In Brown v. Board of Edu. of Topeka (1954) the Supreme Court reversed the seperate-but-equal doctrine est. in a.Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) b. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) c.Brown II (1955) d. US v Virginia (1996) e. Craig v Boren (1976)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

____________ due process requires that any governmental decision to take life, liberty, or property be mad equitably A. Procedural B. Programmatic C. Strategic D. Substantive E. Operational

Procedural

In ____________, the Supreme Court held that the "right to privacy ... is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision to terminate a pregnancy," subject to certain regulations A. Roe v. Wade (1973) B. Miller V. Cali (1973) C. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) D. Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) E. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Roe v. Wade (1973)

______ was the first woman to sit on the Supreme Court a. Ruth Bader Ginsburg b. Condoleezza Rice c. Sandra Day O'Connor d. Sonia Sotomayor e. Elena Kagan

Sandra Day O'Connor

"... the right of the people to keep and bear Arms..." is found in the _________ to the U.S. Constitution A. Second amendment B. Third amendment C. Fifth Amendment D. Eighth amendment E. Tenth amendment

Second Amendment

The _________ provides the right to have a "fair and public trial by jury" in criminal prosecutions A. Fifth Amendment B. Sixth Amendment C. Seventh Amendment D. Ninth Amendment E. Eighth Amendment

Sixth Amendment

The reserved powers of the states are derived from the ________ A. Second amendment B. Third amendment C. Seventh amendment D. Ninth amendment E. Tenth amendment

Tenth Amendment

Which of the following is NOT part of the test the Supreme Court developed in Miller v. California (1973) to determine if a book or film is legally obscene? A. The average person applying contemporary community standards finds that the work taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest B. The work taken as a whole lacks serious literary or artistic value C. The work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, a form of sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable state law D. The work taken as a whole is offensive or disturbing E. The work taken as a whole lacks serious political or scientific value

The work taken as a whole is offensive or disturbing

1987 the Supreme Court ... A. Held that the liberty protected by the Constitution includes the right to commit suicide B. Ruled that state laws permitting assisted suicide are unconstitutional C. Held that state laws banning physician assisted suicide are inherently unconstitutional D. Uphold that states rights to be in assisted suicide, but did not hold that state laws permitting assisted suicide are unconstitutional E. Help that physician-assisted suicide violated the eighth amendment prohibits mission of cruel and unusual punishment

Uphold that states rights to be in assisted suicide, but did not hold that state laws permitting assisted suicide are unconstitutional

The _______ made it illegal to interfere with anyone's right to vote in any election held in this country. a. Help America Vote Act of 2002 b. 15th Amendment c. Civil Rights Act of 1968 d. Voting Rights Act of 1965 e. 19th Amendment

Voting Rights Act of 1965

In Stone v. Graham (1980), the Supreme Court ruled that A. a Kentucky law requiring that the Ten Commandments be posted in all public schools violated the establishment clause B. an Alabama law authorizing a one-minute period of silence for voluntary prayer in the public schools was constitutional C. because the State Board of Reagents in NY had written a nondenominational prayer, it could be used in the public school classrooms at the start of each day D. student-led prayer, using the school's public address system, before public school sporting events was constitutional E. churches or other religious groups cannot run schools

a Kentucky law requiring that the Ten Commandments be posted in all public schools violated the establishment clause

If a law or other governmental action limits _________, it will be held to violate substantive due process, unless it promotes a compelling or overriding state interest. A. congressional jurisdiction B. judicial discretion C. state actions D. presidential authority E. a fundamental right

a fundamental right

Under the _________, the government may restrict expression that leads to some "evil" A. clear and present danger test B. Lemon test C. preferred-position doctrine D. bad tendency rule E. exclusionary rule

bad tendency rule

Nancy Pelosi was the first woman to a. be elected to the U.S. Senate b. serve as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations c. run for vice president of the U.S. d. serve as a governor e. be elected Speaker of the House of Representatives

be elected Speaker of the House of Representatives

In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), the Supreme Court A. held that Congress could no longer open its sessions w/ prayers B. set the precedent that all forms of state aid to church-related schools are forbidden under the Constitution C. affirmed the position that all public references to God are prohibited D. held that government officials may not take an oath of office in the name of God E. both affirmed the importance of separating church and state and set the precedent that not all forms of government aid to church-related schools are forbidden under Constitution

both affirmed the importance of separating church and state and set the precedent that not all forms of government aid to church-related schools are forbidden under the Constitution

State leaders favored the establishment clause to A. ensure that the national government did not interfere w/ the state governments' right to establish a religion. B. reduce the influence of religion in government and politics at every level C. ensure that national government could firmly direct and influence the public expression of religious ideas D. prohibit the government from supporting religion in general E. allow the establishment of God-centered oaths of office for public officials

ensure that the national government did not interfere with the state governments' right to establish a religion

A (n) _________ punishes individuals for committing an act that was legal when the act was committed A. bill of attainder B. " National Security letter" C. writ of habeas corpus D. ex post facto law E. warrant based on probable cause

ex post facto law

In the 1880s U.S. gov't policy toward Native Ams a. focused on assimilation of Native Ams into Am society b. extended them citizenship rights as guaranteed by the 14th Amendment c. designated Native Am tribes "foreign nations" for purposes of signing treaties d. was based on "the utmost good faith" on the principles that Native Ams "lands and property shall never be taken from them w/out their consent" e. required tribes to invest in businesses on tribal lands, such as casinos, to combat poverty

focused on assimilation of Native Ams into Am society

The establishment clause A. forbids the government from establishing an official religion B. requires religion and government to be enemies C. prohibits the government from supporting religion in general D. prohibits religion from being a part of public life E. bans government officials from taking an oath of office in the name of God

forbids the government from establishing an official religion

In 1789, Congress designated the Native Am tribes as ________ so that the gov't could sign land and boundary treaties w/ them a. a confederation b. soveriegn states c. enemies d. foreign nations e. Am citizens

foriegn nations

Our First Amendment rights are considered _______ rights. a. contingent b. suspect c. conditional d. fundamental e. tentative

fundamental

The 1969 Stonewall Inn uprising launched the a. women's movement b. gay power movement c. civil right's movement d. movement to empower persons w/ disabilities e. affirmative action movement

gay power movement

The _________, an invisible but real discriminatory barrier, prevents women and minorities from rising to top positions of power or responsibility a. glass ceiling b. war on women c. feminist mystique d. glass elevator e. executive escalator

glass ceiling

The First Amendment is enforceable against ________ A. governments B. private corps C. individuals D. churches E. All of the above are true

governments

The first eight amendments to the Constitution A. reserve certain rights and powers to the people and the states B. grant the people specific rights and liberties C. prohibit the states from coining money, negotiating treaties with foreign countries, and regulating interstate commerce D. grant states the power to enact laws and to establish courts to protect the rights of their citizens E. est. the powers of the executive branch

grant the people specific rights and liberties

In June 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act was unconstitutional. This section had required. a. that governments identified in Section 4, which had a history of voting discrimination in the 1960s, needed federal gov't permission to change voting procedures b. that gov'ts w/ a history of 1960s voting discrimination use a uniform and standard set of federally approved voting procedures. c. that gov'ts in the South, which had a 1960s history of discrimination, provide affirmative action policies to integrate more Af Ams into elected offices d.that all gov'ts in the US implement special voting and registration procedures designed to increase Af Ams voter turnout e. that gov'ts identified in Section 4, which had a history of discrimmination in the 1960s, reserve a specific number of elected offices for Af Ams

that governments identified in Section 4, which had a history of votingdiscrimination in the 1960s, needed federal gov't permission to change voting procedures

It is the ___________ that determines where freedom of speech ends and the right of society to be protected from certain forms of speech begins. A. Bill of Rights B. the U.S. Supreme Court C. the First Amendments to the U.S. Constitution D. state legislatures e. Congress

the U.S. Supreme Court

Feminism is best defined as a. a policy under which a specific number of jobs or promotions are given to members of selected groups b. unwanted physical contact of a sexual nature that interferes w/ a recipient's job performance c. the right to vote; the franchise d. an ideology that supports the "glass ceiling" in the workplace e. the doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women

the doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women

President Thomas Jefferson wanted the _________ to be a "wall of separation between church and state." A. the supremacy clause of Article VI B. reserved powers clause of the Tenth Amendment C. the establishment clause of the First Amendment D. the necessary and proper clause of Article I. Section 8 E. the Supreme Court

the establishment clause of the First Amendment

For many years, the courts assumed that the Bill of Rights limited only the actions of A. the state governments B. the national government C. local governments D. individuals E. state or local governments

the national government

In segregated communities whites imposed an elaborate code of social deference on Af Ams , largely through _________. a. threats of extra-legal violence b. vote suppression laws c. poll taxes d. the grandfather clause e. the all-white primary

threats of extra-legal violence

The poverty rate for blacks is roughly __________ that for whites. a. equal to b. two times c. three times d. five times e. six times

three times

Seditious speech A. is a published report of a falsehood that tends to injure a person's reputation or character B.urges resistance to lawful authority or advocates overthrowing the gov't C. is the public utterance of a false statement that holds a person up for contempt, ridicule, or hatred D. is best defined as cyberbullying E. is obscenity on the Internet

urges resistance to lawful authority or advocates overthrowing the gov't

A (n) ___________ is an order requiring that an official bring a specified prisoner into court and show the judge why the prisoner is being held in jail. A. ex post facto law B. writ of habeas corpus C. bill of attainder D. warrant based on probable cause E. exclusionary rule

writ of habeas corpus