Ch. 4 Practice

The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana and spiritual enlightenment is _________.

Buddhism

**Conrad follows a religion that does not propagate the caste system. Also, his religion emphasizes right seeing, thinking, speech, action, living, effort, mindfulness, and meditation as a route for spiritual transformation. According to this information, Conrad can be considered a

Buddhist.

The majority of Christians live in Europe and the Americas. However, Christianity is rapidly growing in __________.

Africa

*The mother tongue of the largest number of people is

Mandarin.

*With increased economic progress, cultures across the world seem to be moving toward some universally accepted values and norms. This is known as the

convergence hypothesis.

The English-speaking culture and the French-speaking culture that are present in Canada illustrate that language helps shake the way people perceive the world, and it also helps define __________.

culture

*Within the context of the individual as the basic unit of a social organization, which of the following is an implication of the emphasis on individualism in many Western societies?

high degree of managerial mobility between companies

Islamic fundamentalists are usually ________ toward Western-based businesses.

hostile

Confucianism values harmonious relationships,which are based on moral and ethical conducts and ________.

loyalty to others

There is a ______ one-to-one relationship between one culture and a nation-state.

non-strict

**Which of the following is true about the Islamic banking method the mudarabah?

A mudarabah contract is similar to a profit-sharing scheme.

**Which of the following statements is true of mores?

Certain mores have been enacted into law.

**Which of the following is not concerned with the supernatural, has little to say about the concept of a supreme being or an afterlife, and believes that loyalty to one's superiors is an absolute obligation?

Confucianism.

*Company XYZ is planning to set up a production plant abroad. It has selected five potential countries based on their population size, stage of economic development, labor costs, and access to world markets. Considering the connection between culture and competitive advantage, which of the following countries would be the best investment site for Company XYZ?

Country B, where the education is well-developed and social stratification is lacking.

**When compared to American society, Japanese society lacks

dynamism and entrepreneurship.

*Which of the following BEST increases a country's competitive advantage and its attractiveness as a location for international business?

education system that is well developed

Meredith believes that the way her U.S.-based company does business is superior to the way her French affiliate office conducts business. Meredith's attitude is an example of

ethnocentrism

**When interacting with a Japanese business counterpart, Lorraine made it very clear that her culture was superior. Lorraine is demonstrating

ethnocentrism.

*A belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture is called

ethnocentrism.

**Which of the following exemplifies violation of folkways best?

failing to greet a person you know

**Which of the following are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, and neighborly behavior?

folkways

**Which of the following is most likely to be the result of high degrees of class consciousness in societies?

increase in the costs of production

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is...

individualism vs collectivism

**Which of the following is an implication of high degree of managerial mobility in societies that emphasize individualism?

lack of company-specific experience, knowledge, and a network of contacts among managers

In Japan, most people perceive themselves to be middle class; therefore, class background has __________ impact on business operations.

less

Cross-cultural ____________ is necessary for a business to understand the cultural differences that exist between companies involved in international business.

literacy

**The natives of the Republic of Coastland are always prepared to take risks and they also demonstrate less emotional resistance to change. Apart from these characteristics, the ties between people are loose, sex roles are less sharply distinguished, and inequalities of power and wealth are discouraged in the country. According to this information, the Republic of Coastland most likely demonstrates

low uncertainty avoidance.

Islam is a ________ religion, believing in one true God.

monotheistic

Mores have _________ importance in society than folkways.

more

**The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is, in part, a response to the

movement in traditional Islamic societies toward modernization.

One reason for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism is the ________________.

movement toward modernization

A ________ contract allows a Muslim bank to share in the profits of a project when loaning money to business.

mudarabah

*The social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations are called

norms.

Which 3 of the following is part of the "hidden curriculum" of schools?

obedience to authority dealing with competition respect for others

Though culture is important, it is probably less significant in explaining different economic growth between nations than the _________.

political systems economic systems legals systems

*According to Geert Hofstede, what dimension captures attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors?

power distance

In the ________ Hofstede dimension inequality is perceived from the followers or lower level.

power distance

Islam prohibits payment of interest. This is one example of depicting how ________ can be the root of an ethical system.

religions

*Which of the following is NOT a determinant of culture?

social structure

**The distinctive culture of Wengiston has been losing its predominance among the citizens of the country. This is due to the fact that the people of Wengiston are extensively adopting certain universally accepted values and norms. This behavior of the people in Wengiston demonstrates

the convergence hypothesis.

Within the caste system, social position is determined by __________.

the family a person is born into

Compared to a Protestant society, a Buddhist society has a ___________ emphasis on entrepreneurial activity.

weaker

**Which of the following statements is true of Islam?

Islam forbids the consumption of pork and alcohol.

**Which of the following statements best defines personal space?

It is the comfortable amount of distance between you and someone you are talking with.

As the guiding principle of Islam, the ________ actually promotes free enterprise and supports earning legitimate profits through commercial efforts.

Koran

What directs the attention of a society to specific components of the world and structures how people perceive them?

Language

Which of the following dimensions did Hofstede identify and study?

Masculinity vs femininity Indvidualism vs collectivism Power distance

**Which of the following statements is true with regard to Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions?

Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures had a strong need for rules and regulations.

______ is/are something that one believes in that is concerned with the sacred and follows with some measure of devotion.

Religion

According to the text, the two major Christian organizations are ______.

Roman Catholic Orthodox Church

The World Values Survey includes which of the following dimensions?

Support for democracy Impact of Globalization Support for gender equality

**Which of the following is a characteristic of high uncertainty avoidance cultures?

They allow a manager to tightly control subordinates' initiatives.

**The recent trend to outsource information technology jobs to countries such as India indicates that

a good education system is a determinant of national competitive advantage.

**In the Republic of Cedia, people are extremely conscious about their social backgrounds. This in turn regulates their relationships with members of other classes. As a result of the heightened class consciousness

an antagonistic relationship will exist between management and labor classes.

**Hofstede's fifth dimension of Confucian dynamism captures

attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors.

**Muslim countries are likely to be receptive to international businesses as long as those businesses

behave in a manner that is consistent with Islamic ethics.

**A major distinction between a conventional bank and an Islamic bank is that Islamic banks

cannot pay or charge interest.

**Mountland Republic follows a system of social stratification that allows for flexibility in terms of social mobility. In this system of open stratification the status of a person is solely determined by his or her own socioeconomic achievements. Mountland Republic is most likely to be following what type of system of social stratification?

class

**Mr. Peterson, a worldwide traveler, believes that he is successful in negotiating with his foreign counterparts because he understands how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way business is practiced. In other words, Mr. Peterson's success is due to his

cross-cultural literacy.

**Which of the following is a dimension of social structure that is considered particularly important when explaining differences between cultures?

degree to which the society is stratified into classes or castes

Hindus believe in _______, the behaviors and responsibilities governing individual conduct.

dharma

**Which of the following statements is true of Geert Hofstede's work on cultural dimensions?

His work fails to consider that many countries have more than one culture.

**Which of the following statements is true of Confucianism?

In Confucian thought, loyalty to one's superiors is regarded as a sacred duty.

Country A has a free market economy and group-oriented social structure. Country B has all of the same traits, but also possesses an advance education system. Country ___________ would be the better investment site.

B

**Which of the following is a religion that prohibits the payment or receipt of interest, as it is considered to be usury?

Islam

What are three benefits of learning the native language of a company you are doing business with?

Businesses may prevent major blunders through improper translation. People like to speak in their own language. You can build rapport more easily.

*American company Tech-Solutions is planning to expand its operations to the Bangol Republic. In this country, the group is the primary unit of social organization. According to this information, which of the following is a likely outcome for Tech-Solutions from operating in the Bangol Republic?

Employees will achieve close cooperation with others.

**When Leo converses with his colleagues in the multinational company that he works for, he finds that he is the only one who believes in and talks about things such as reincarnation and the spiritual progression of each person's soul. Leo's religion is most likely

Hinduism

**Many _____ believe that the way to achieve nirvana—a state of complete spiritual perfection—is to lead a severe ascetic lifestyle of material and physical self-denial, devoting life to a spiritual rather than material quest.

Hindus