Ch 5 - Cardiovascular System Medical Terminology For Health Professions ed. 7

Pericardium

Double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

Electrocardiogram

EKG, ECG

Automated External Defibrillation

Electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.

Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Episode that begins and ends abruptly during which they are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium or in the AV node.

Angia

Episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

Systemic Circulation

Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.

Valvular Prolapse

Inflammation of a heart valve.

Valvulitis

Inflammation of a heart valve.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein.

Carotid Endarterectmy

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery.

Thallium Stress Test

TST

Cardiomyopathy

All diseases of the heart.

Pulmonary Arteries

Carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs.

Pulmonary Veins

Carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.

Septicemia

Caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood, symptoms include fever, tachypnea, and tachycardia.

Thromb/o

Clot.

Fibrinogen

Clotting proteins found in plasma.

Asystole

Complete lack of electrical activity in the heart.

Hemolytic Anemia

Condition characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen.

Thrombocytopenia

Condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

Valvular Stenosis

Condition in which there is narrowing stiffening, thickening or blockage of one or more valves of the heart.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves.

Aplastic Anemia

Condition marked by the absence of all formed blood elements.

Ventricular Fibrillation

Consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.

Tricuspid Valve

Controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Coronary Thrombosis

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery.

Leukopenia

Decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood.

Atheroma

Deposit of fatty plaque on or within the aerial wall.

Cardiac Catheterization

Diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and guided into the heart.

Anemia

Disorder characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells in the blood.

Cardiac Catheterization

card cath, CC

Coronary Artery Disease

CAD

Arrhythmia

A loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat.

-Crasia

A mixture or blending.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

CVI

Ventricular Tachycardia

A very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

Atrial Fibrillation

A-fib

Automated External Defibrillator

AED

Automated Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

AICD

Heartbeat

Ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body.

Heart Murmur

Abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart of a neighboring large blood vessels.

Thrombosis

Abnormal condition of having a thrombus.

Angiostenosis

Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel.

Varicose Veins

Abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.

Tachycardia

Abornomally rapid resting heartbeat usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

Bradycardia

An abnormally slow resting heart rate, usually at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute.

Cardiac Arrest

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood.

Pernicious Anemia

Anemia caused by a lack of protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract.

Blood Dyscrasia

Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.

Aort/o

Aorta.

Arteri/o

Artery.

Coronary Artery Disease

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle.

Hemangioma

Benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels.

Thrombotic Occlusion

Blocking of an artery by a thrombus.

Thrombus

Blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein.

Megaloblastic Anemia

Blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.

Angi/o

Blood or lymph vessel.

-Emia

Blood, blood condition.

Hem/o, Hemat/o

Blood, relating to the blood.

Epicardium

External layer of the heart and the inner layer of the heart and inner layer of the pericardium.

Tachy-

Fast, rapid.

Cholesterol

Fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.

Pulmonary Circulation

Flow of blood only between the heart and lungs.

Embolus

Foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of gas or air, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood.

Temporal Arteritis

Form of vasculitis with abnormally large cells. that can cause headache, visual impairment, or other symptoms.

Eosinophils

Formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body.

Basophils

Formed in red bone marrow, Least common type of WBC.

Neutrophils

Formed in red bone marrow, are the most common type of WBC.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

Bundle of His

Group of fibers located within the inter ventricular septum.

Ischemic Heart Disease

Group or cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart.

Hypertension

HTN

Atherosclerosis

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a build up of cholesterol plaque.

Cardi/o

Heart.

Lymphocytes

Identify foreign substances and germs.

Atrial Fibrillation

Occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are placed by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart. Consists of epithelial tissue.

Arteries

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body.

Aorta

Largest blood vessels in the body.

Aneurysm

Localized weak spot or balloon-ike enlargement of the wall of an artery.

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Orthostatic Hypotension

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing.

Veins

Low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart.

Myocardial Infarction

MI

Carotid Arteries

Major arteries that cary blood upward to the head.

Blood Pressure

Measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.

Angioplasty

Mechanically widening or narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.

Thrombolytic

Medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up.

Anticoagulant

Medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.

Diuretic

Medications administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water.

Beta-blocker

Medications administered to reduce the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat.

ACE Inhibitor

Medications administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Myocardium

Middle and thickest of the heart's three layers.

Myocardial Infarction

Occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by the plaque build up.

Hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.

Peripheral Artery Disease

PAD

Peripheral Vascular Disease

PVD

Thallium Stress Test

Performed to to evaluate blood flow to the heart during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood.

Raynaud's Disease

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.

Cardiovascular

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.

Ather/o

Plaque, fatty substance.

Serum

Plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed.

Monocytes

Provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.

Atrial Fibrillation

Rapid irregular twitching of the muscular wall of the atria.

Electrocardiogram

Record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells.

Erythr/o

Red.

Sudden Cardiac Death

Results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes.

Transfusion Reaction

Serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match.

Brady-

Slow.

Arterioles

Smaller thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries.

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels in the body.

Venules

Smallest veins that join to form the larger veins.

Purkinje Fibers

Specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles.

Hematologist

Specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

Cardiologist

Specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart.

Vascular Surgeon

Specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels.

Plasma

Straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Congenital Heart Defects

Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth.

Embolism

Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus:

Coronary Arteries

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium.

Atherectomy

Surgical removal of plaque build up from the interior lining of the an artery.

Hemostasis

To stop or control bleeding.

Venae Cavae

Two largest veins in the body.

Ventricles

Two lower chambers of the heart.

Atria

Two upper chambers of the chart.

Leukemia

Type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood.

Defibrillation

Use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm.

Ventricular Fibrillation

V-fib

Phleb/o

Vein.

Ven/o

Vein.

Ventricular Tachycardia

Very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

Leukocytes

White blood cells.

Leuk/o

White.

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

tPA