ch 6 quiz

According to the reading, infants who have hearing disabilities tend to display what amount of canonical babbling relative to hearing infants? A- Less frequent B- More frequent C- The same amount at first, but a decline of babbling over time D- About the same mount E- A complete absence of

A

In the real-life example of the word apple, _______ can describe why infants are able to detect the likelihood of ap being paired with ple? A- statistical learning B- continuous speech stream C- perceptions D- phonotactics E- combinations

A

Which development reveals a child's growing skills in pragmatics? A- Learning social conventions and norms around language use B- Learning how to combine words into sentences C- Growth in productive vocabulary D- Producing sounds E- Growth in understanding the meaning of complex sentences

A

Which is the set of rules that govern the ordering of parts of speech for children that form meaningful sentences? A- Syntax B- Word mapping C- Speech laws D- Symphonic morphs E- Extended word queues

A

Which statement best explains the semantics of language as an interconnected system of words? A- Learning a word like "ball" relates toother words such as "bounce" "round" or "kick." B- Having novel words leads to hands-on learning about other words that are similar in their sounds. C- Memorization allows children to create meaningful word connections. D- Spelling and grammar lessons improves language, allowing a person to understand more words. E- Abilities to pronounce words fosters greater connections to a wider range of word usage.

A

Why do children begin using prepositions, conjunctions, and articles at a later age of 2-3? A. They require children to have a foundation of both nouns and verbs. B. They require children to have a foundation of nouns. C. They require children to have a foundation of prefixes and suffixes. D. They require children to have a foundation of verbs. E. They require children to have a foundation of morphemes.

A

A mother who spoke both English and Spanish while her baby was just a newborn can expect which of the following? A- The baby will prefer listening to unfamiliar words in a third language. B- Her baby will show equal preference for both languages. C- Babies between 0-3 months can learn more if there is only one language spoken. D- The baby will not yet attend to either language, given newborns' limited alertness. E- Her baby will only pay attention to one language.

B

A toddler wants to leave the house and go somewhere by saying "go car?" repeatedly to his mom. This kind of speech is known as A- gaze and gestures. B- telegraphic speech. C- short-worded sentence briefs. D- turn taking. E- pragmatic speech.

B

According to research which is the best method to help infants and toddlers learn words? A- Songs that spell outwords B- Live interactions with an adult C- Read-a-loud electronic books created for toddlers D- Prerecorded video of an adult teaching about words E- Colorful videos or programming with a lot of sound effects and fast-moving characters

B

Infants begin to babble and vocalize when parents interact with them. About what age will infants begin to produce canonical syllables or babbles? A- As young as 12 months B- As young as 6 months C- Generally between 10-18 months of age D- Even 3 year olds struggle with producing a range of syllables E- Cooing depends mostly on quality of parenting

B

Malik is playing with a red triangular toy. He hears an adult use the novel word block. Malik is likely to think this new word refers to the toy, rather than its shape, it's color, or some other characteristic of it. This illustrates the concept of A- universal language. B- whole object assumption. C- bootstrapping. D- cognitive bias. E- mutual exclusivity.

B

Which is not an example of communicative accommodation? A- Adjusting vocabulary when talking to an infant B- Talking to other adults in the presence of an infant C- Talking in a higher pitched voice when talking to an infant D- Using gestures accordingly when speaking to an infant E- Satisfying an infant's emotional needs when talking to the infant

B

Which is the most accurate summary of the case of Genie and what it taught scientists about critical period theory? A- It presented strong evidence in support of critical period theory. B-It provided evidence that might support the theory, but several confounding factors rendered the evidence inconclusive. C- It determined that the critical period was much longer than originally theorized. D- It decisively disproved critical period theory. E- It established firmly that the critical period exists but can be shortened by abuse and neglect.

B

Which theory attempts to explain how children develop the ability to draw meaningful associations among various related words and concepts? A- Nativist theory B- Connectionist theory C- Universal grammar theory (Chomsky) D- Programming language theory E- Information-processing theory

B

Which will impact how phonemes combine into words? A- Semantics B- Language C- Alphabet D- Syntactic cues E- Child age

B

A child lacks the mental capacity to solve a two-digit by two-digit multiplication problem. Which example below serves as a representation of scaffolding? A- Resourceful children will find a calculator to aid them in problem solving. B- A teacher tries to motivate students to think harder and pressures them in class. C- A teacher helps the child learn the first step in the multiplication problem, which allows the child to then solve the next step. D- A child asks for help from a teacher who then offers additional problems for the child to practice and develop skills for homework. E- Peers work together to solve the problem by skipping steps.

C

Chomsky suggested that children are innately endowed with the ability to learn language, which he attributed to A- telegraphic speech. B- the innate desire to interact with caregivers. C- language acquisition device. behaviorism. D- language development.

C

Infants can use nonverbal methods—their own and those of others—to A. draw attention to something. B. learn new words. C. All of the above. D. interpret the intentions of others. E. make requests, such as for food.

C

Semantic development refers to A- the process of expanding babbling sounds B- receptive language. C- the meaning of words and word combinations. D- the rules for combining words. E- the speech sounds an infant produces.

C

Tanya (18 months old) is presented with sentence, "The dog is blinking the cat." Tanya knows the words fly and cow, and through her understanding of the grammatical structure points to a picture of a dog that is licking a cat. This illustrates how _______ aids young children in the learning of new words. A- referent mapping B- fast mapping C-syntactic bootstrapping D- underextension E- telegraphic speech.

C

Which behaviors are a part of infants' turn-taking during communication with others? A- Words and sounds B- Gestures C- All of the above D- Coos E- Smiles

C

When will children typically begin experimenting with different sounds? A. Usually sound play comes after age 2, entering toddlerhood. B. This occurs by 6 months in the form of coos. C. Sound experimenting is mostly dependent on a child's personality and temperament. D. Infants begin making simple sounds and by 12 months of age can say a handful of words. E. This occurs by 8-9 months of age.

D

Which is true about the language development of children who hear two languages from infancy? A- Young children who learn two languages from birth generally show vocabulary growth in each language equal to language growth of a child who learns a single language. B- Children learning two languages use the same strategies to acquire language as a single-language learner. C- Children can readily acquire two languages even if they are first exposed to a second language after age 3. D- Their course of development in each language mirrors the course of monolingual children. E- Learning two languages tends to slow overall language development.

D

Who was Genie ? A. A teenage girl who was among the first diagnosed with language disabilities B. A mother who emotionally abused her child due to behavior and socio-economic challenges C. A young teenager with a walking disability that limited her independence D. A child who survived years of abuse and neglect as a child and never fully developed language skills E.A child who suffered a brain injury that limited her ability to produce speech sounds

D

Young children raised in homes with professional parents may show more language development and larger vocabularies compared to children raised at or near poverty levels. What do researchers Hart and Risley suggest is a possible explanation for these differences? A- The researchers found that children in lower-income homes had fewer siblings on average. B- The researchers found that children with more resources have richer play environments, with a greater variety of toys. C- The researchers attribute the difference to greater exposure to environmental hazards, such as lead, that may impair language development. D- The researchers estimate that young children in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words in their first years of life than peers in homes with more resources. E- The researchers discovered that children in higher-income homes had greater access to more educational television and other media.

D

A parent has placed two young children in front of a computer to watch videos in hopes of educating them. According to research what limitations may there be? A- There should be none, as long as the videos are educational. B- Children tend to learn less from videos when distracting each other. C- Videos are the best way to teach a high volume of words in a short time frame if the videos are age appropriate D- Social interactions can be recorded to ensure word learning in young children who feel they know the familiar individual who is speaking on the video. E- The lack of social interactions and contingency in videos and other screens hinders growth and learning.

E

At what age does infant gaze start? A- When infants have acquired their first words B- At birth C- As eyesight improves after a few weeks from birth D- When infants are able to understand pointing gestures E- By 18 months

E

Chomsky believed that children are innately endowed to learn language. From the options, which provides support to back Chomsky's claim? A- Children achieve adult-like grammar understanding and usage by 2 years. B- Children automatically memorize word meanings without having to practice. C- Infants show the ability to learn from language from caregivers with scaffolding and support. D- Language skills are inherited dispositions shown to relate to a person's genetic makeup. E- Children show creative uses of language and an ability to generate an infinite number of sentences they never heard.

E

When might a child experience a "vocabulary growth spurt"? A- At the onset of first words, which occurs around 12 months B- Upon enrollment in nursery school where talk with peers becomes essential. C- Usually when formal education begins D- When parents begin reading regularly to their child(ren) E- After a few months of growth in vocabulary, around 18 months of age

E

Which feature has not been studied as an example of infant-directed speech? A- Shorter utterances B- Changes in the amplitude (loudness) of speech C- Concrete talk D- High pitched, exaggerated speech E- Whispers

E

Which is not a scaffolding strategy? A- Sitting near a child and not talking B- Using visuals C- Providing verbal hints and queues D- Modeling and using gestures E- Connecting to background knowledge

E

Which represents the order in which infants typically learn different types of words? A. Both nouns and verbs at the same time B. Verbs, then nouns C. In varying order depending on the talkativeness of the child D, In varying order depending on the inputs of caregivers E. Nouns, then verbs

E

Which statement best reflects what researchers have learned about infant-directed speech? A- Infant-directed speech is harder to learn than adult-directed speech. B- Infant-directed speech benefits infants if presented in quick, short messages. C- Infant-directed speech is something adults use, but siblings and other children would not use this with infants. D- Infant-directed speech is easier to listen to but does not help infants discriminate among other speech sounds. E- Babies prefer to listen to infant-directed speech relative to adult-directed speech.

E