Ch.31
Which of the following statements about the Young Turks are true?
- some of their reforms aggravated tensions within the empire - their reforms ultimately failed to save the empire - they called for increased civil rights and liberties
The efforts of Sultan Selim III to improve the Turkish armed forces with the help of European advisers and upgraded weaponry resulted in
- the incarceration of the sultan - the murder of the newly trained troops
As a result of the Meiji rulers' effort to destroy the old social order, the traditional ruling class lost
- their lands - the right to wear the ceremonial topknot - much of their money - considerable political power - the right to carry swords in public
When defeat of the Chinese fleets and capture of coastal towns did not end the Opium War, the British sent 70 naval vessels up China's "jugular vein," the ____ ____.
Grand Canal
The scholars Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao called for an ambitious modernization program that gained the emperor's support, but the empress dowager Cixi crushed their ______ ______ reform movement.
Hundred Days
Which of the following areas remained under Ottoman rule throughout the nineteenth century?
Iraq and Anatolia
Attempting to draw attention away from revolutionary unrest at home, Tsar Nicholas II tried to expand Russian influence in east Asia, a venture that led to the defeat of the Russian military by ______ in 1905.
Japan
Japan remained closed to most foreigners until forced to open by U.S. naval ships under the command of Matthew ____.
Matthew Perry
Which of the following statements about the opium trade in China is incorrect?
Pressure from the British government brought China's opium trade to an end
policies of the Russian finance minister meant to stimulate economic development; played a crucial role in Russian industrialization
Witte system
In China, a "sphere of influence" was
a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights
When Mutsuhito, later known as Meiji, took power in 1868, it marked
a return of authority to the Japanese emperor
The Russians proved unable to mobilize, transport, and equip troops quickly enough to defeat the European alliance.
accurate
Which of the following was not a consequence of the decline in Ottoman military power?
as the military lost power, the central government gained strength
Russia's industrialization and social change
brought with it miserable working conditions, low pay, and discontented workers
agreements that exempted European visitors from Ottoman law and provided European powers with extraterritoriality
capitulations
Which of the following was not a result of the legal reforms instituted by Ottoman leaders during the the mid-nineteenth century?
changes to laws on marriage and divorce
specially licensed Chinese firms that bought and sold goods at set prices and under strict governmental regulations
cohongs
In 1876 a revolutionary group known as the Land and Freedom Party called for the ____ of leading officials as a way of pressuring the Russian government to make political reforms
killing
Russian group that promoted the assassination of prominent officials as a means to pressure the government into political reform
land and freedom party
Elite Ottoman troops murdered all but one of the ____ members of the ruling dynasty
male
What was the centerpiece of Count Sergei Witte's industrial policy?
massive railway construction program
return of authority to the Japanese emperor and the enactment of western reforms for the purpose of strengthening Japan
meiji restoration
The era of reorganization concerning Ottoman legal and educational reforms in the mid-nineteenth century is known as the ____ era
tanzimat
an era of radical reconstruction and reorganization of the Ottoman state
tanzimat
Prior to being forced to sign unequal treaties with major European powers, Japan only allowed foreign trade with a small number of merchants from
the Netherlands
Which of the following statements about the Russian political system is not accurate?
the Russian government was highly decentralized
Which of the following was one of the reforms implemented by the Tokugawa bakufu at the urging of Mizuno?
the cancellation of debts that samurai and daimyo owed to merchants
dissident organization that vigorously promoted the reform of Ottoman society and effectively used newspapers to promote their message
young turks
elected district assemblies that dealt with health, education, and welfare but which remained subordinate to the Russian tsarist autocracy
zemstovs
Following the emancipation of the serfs in Russia, elected district assemblies called ______ were formed to deal with local social issues.
zemstvos
Which of the following did the leaders of the Self-Strengthening Movement promote?
- European technology - chinese traditions
Which of the following were included in the Taiping reform program?
- communal ownership of property - simplification of the written language - the prohibition of foot binding and concubinage - widespread literacy programs
What were the causes of discontent in Japanese society in the early nineteenth century?
- declining agricultural productivity - periodic crop failures and famines - harsh taxation
Count Sergei Witte helped Russian industry by
- encouraging railroad construction and steamship companies - reforming laws and protecting industries
Which of the following statements describe European trade with China in the eighteenth century?
- europeans purchase chinese silk, tea, lacquerware, and porcelain - europeans paid for their purchases with silver bullion
Which of the following statements about the Russian empire are true?
- it stretched from eastern europe to the pacific ocean - it consisted of numerous ethnic and cultural groups
national parliament created in Russia in 1905
Duma
Which of the following was the most significant territorial loss of the Ottoman empire between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Egypt
Meiji-era travelers from Japan drew inspiration from the political system of the recently unified
Germany
The Taiping rebellion was defeated when
Nanjing was defeated by imperial soldiers aided by European advisors and weaponry
The Young Turk movement, also known as the Ottoman Society for Unity and Progress, originated in
Paris
Which of the following nations belonged to the coalition that fought a war against Russia between 1853 and 1856?
Sardinia
During the first half of the nineteenth century the Japanese became increasingly dissatisfied with their ruler, the Tokugawa ____, and his government, the bakufu.
Shogun
In its effort to suppress dissent, the tsarist government used various forms of repression, including censorship and infiltration of revolutionary groups by the secret police, as well as imprisonment or deportation to the province of ____.
Siberia
The slogan of the Self-Strengthening Movement, which sought to combine European technology with Chinese traditions, was: "Chinese learning at the base, ____ learning for use."
Western
During the early nineteenth century, Russia lost military conflicts to the Ottomans and the Chinese.
accurate
Russian defeat in the Crimean War demonstrated the weakness of an agricultural economy built on unfree labor.
accurate
The Crimean War pitted Russia against a European coalition that believed the Russians were upsetting the balance of power.
accurate
Industrialization in Japan under the Meiji restoration
concentrated power in the hands of the zaibatsu.
Kang and Liang justified the changes they proposed to the Qing government by their interpretation of
confucianism
Meiji leaders reconfigured the Japanese social structure in order to
consolidate their political power
Meiji-era travelers were particularly interested in studying countries with a(n) ______ government.
constitutional
he tsar decided to restructure Russian society after Russia's defeat in the ____ war.
crimean
The Meiji government viewed labor unions and worker strikes as
criminal acts
Japanese legislature that is composed of a house of nobles and an elected lower house
diet
The 1889 Meiji constitution established a legislature, known as the Imperial ____.
diet
The Meiji believed that the foundation of a strong nation was a strong
economy
In the early nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire effectively lost control of _____, one of the empire's most important regions, in the aftermath of a failed invasion by Napoleon.
egypt
Which of the following statements concerning the effect of industrialization on former serfs is incorrect?
emancipated serfs embraced their new roles in the factory as a welcome relief from the hardships of agricultural labor
Revolutionaries in the Baltic provinces opposed the tsarist regime primarily on ______ grounds.
ethnic
In the mid-eighteenth century, the Chinese opened up to direct trade with foreigners.
false
Which of the following is NOT a cause of the Ottoman military decline of the nineteenth century?
food shortages
After signing the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which ended the Crimean War, Tsar Alexander II did which of the following?
freed the Russian serfs
Anarchists carried out terrorist attacks as part of their opposition to all forms of
government
The Boxer rebellion led to a(n) ______ revolutionary movements.
growth in
Which of the following is true of the reign of Abdül Hamid II?
he ruled autocratically in an effort to strengthen the state
Which of the following statements about the Opium War is correct?
it demonstrated the material advantages of an industrial power over a preindustrial one
The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because
it was one of the few trade goods that they could sell in China at a profit
The decline of the Ottoman military was manifested by the political intrigue and lack of discipline within its elite military corps known as the ____ .
janissaries
As part of the Russian government's reforms to reduce misconduct in various governmental branches, changes to the legal system in 1864 added trial by jury, created independent courts, and encouraged the emergence of attorneys in an effort to reduce ____ corruption.
judicial
Russian leaders refused to undertake a program of social reform after defeat in the Crimean War.
not accurate
In the early 1800s, the major British import into China shifted from silver to
opium
Which group paid a particularly high price during the early years of industrialization in Japan?
peasants
Determined to gain equality with foreign powers, a conservative coalition of daimyo, imperial princes, court nobles, and samurai formed a new government dedicated to the twin goals of
prosperity and strength
An important part of Russia's economic development at the end of the nineteenth century was large-scale ______ construction.
railway
As part of his reform efforts, Mizuno encouraged peasants to
return to the countryside
Chinese reform group that sought to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology
self-strengthening movement
All of the following were hallmarks of the Meiji government in Japan EXCEPT
significant agricultural reform
Which of the following did revolutionaries embrace in their effort to create an ideology that combined western European and traditional Russian ideas?
socialism
followers of Hong Xiuquan and his "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace" that sought the destruction of the Qing dynasty and the radical reformation of Chinese society
taipings
Which of the following was not explicitly opposed by proponents of the Taiping reform program?
the death penalty
The Meiji constitution promulgated in 1889 by the emperor gave the effective power to
the emperor
To whom did the Meiji constitution of Japan give the most power?
the emperor
The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because
the japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry
The Opium War made plain the difference between
the military power of europe and china
When did the Ottoman empire suffer the most serious territorial losses?
the nineteenth century
Which of the following statements about the Boxer rebellion is not true?
the rebels very nearly defeated the foreigners' armies
All of the following caused Japanese society to be in turmoil during the nineteenth century EXCEPT
widespread government corruption
How did the Russo-Japanese war conclude in May 1905?
with destruction of the Russian navy
Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights EXCEPT
women's right to sue for divorce
a group critical of Ottoman reform and reorganization that agitated for individual freedom, local autonomy, and political decentralization
young ottomans