Ch.31

Which of the following statements about the Young Turks are true?

- some of their reforms aggravated tensions within the empire - their reforms ultimately failed to save the empire - they called for increased civil rights and liberties

The efforts of Sultan Selim III to improve the Turkish armed forces with the help of European advisers and upgraded weaponry resulted in

- the incarceration of the sultan - the murder of the newly trained troops

As a result of the Meiji rulers' effort to destroy the old social order, the traditional ruling class lost

- their lands - the right to wear the ceremonial topknot - much of their money - considerable political power - the right to carry swords in public

When defeat of the Chinese fleets and capture of coastal towns did not end the Opium War, the British sent 70 naval vessels up China's "jugular vein," the ____ ____.

Grand Canal

The scholars Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao called for an ambitious modernization program that gained the emperor's support, but the empress dowager Cixi crushed their ______ ______ reform movement.

Hundred Days

Which of the following areas remained under Ottoman rule throughout the nineteenth century?

Iraq and Anatolia

Attempting to draw attention away from revolutionary unrest at home, Tsar Nicholas II tried to expand Russian influence in east Asia, a venture that led to the defeat of the Russian military by ______ in 1905.

Japan

Japan remained closed to most foreigners until forced to open by U.S. naval ships under the command of Matthew ____.

Matthew Perry

Which of the following statements about the opium trade in China is incorrect?

Pressure from the British government brought China's opium trade to an end

policies of the Russian finance minister meant to stimulate economic development; played a crucial role in Russian industrialization

Witte system

In China, a "sphere of influence" was

a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights

When Mutsuhito, later known as Meiji, took power in 1868, it marked

a return of authority to the Japanese emperor

The Russians proved unable to mobilize, transport, and equip troops quickly enough to defeat the European alliance.

accurate

Which of the following was not a consequence of the decline in Ottoman military power?

as the military lost power, the central government gained strength

Russia's industrialization and social change

brought with it miserable working conditions, low pay, and discontented workers

agreements that exempted European visitors from Ottoman law and provided European powers with extraterritoriality

capitulations

Which of the following was not a result of the legal reforms instituted by Ottoman leaders during the the mid-nineteenth century?

changes to laws on marriage and divorce

specially licensed Chinese firms that bought and sold goods at set prices and under strict governmental regulations

cohongs

In 1876 a revolutionary group known as the Land and Freedom Party called for the ____ of leading officials as a way of pressuring the Russian government to make political reforms

killing

Russian group that promoted the assassination of prominent officials as a means to pressure the government into political reform

land and freedom party

Elite Ottoman troops murdered all but one of the ____ members of the ruling dynasty

male

What was the centerpiece of Count Sergei Witte's industrial policy?

massive railway construction program

return of authority to the Japanese emperor and the enactment of western reforms for the purpose of strengthening Japan

meiji restoration

The era of reorganization concerning Ottoman legal and educational reforms in the mid-nineteenth century is known as the ____ era

tanzimat

an era of radical reconstruction and reorganization of the Ottoman state

tanzimat

Prior to being forced to sign unequal treaties with major European powers, Japan only allowed foreign trade with a small number of merchants from

the Netherlands

Which of the following statements about the Russian political system is not accurate?

the Russian government was highly decentralized

Which of the following was one of the reforms implemented by the Tokugawa bakufu at the urging of Mizuno?

the cancellation of debts that samurai and daimyo owed to merchants

dissident organization that vigorously promoted the reform of Ottoman society and effectively used newspapers to promote their message

young turks

elected district assemblies that dealt with health, education, and welfare but which remained subordinate to the Russian tsarist autocracy

zemstovs

Following the emancipation of the serfs in Russia, elected district assemblies called ______ were formed to deal with local social issues.

zemstvos

Which of the following did the leaders of the Self-Strengthening Movement promote?

- European technology - chinese traditions

Which of the following were included in the Taiping reform program?

- communal ownership of property - simplification of the written language - the prohibition of foot binding and concubinage - widespread literacy programs

What were the causes of discontent in Japanese society in the early nineteenth century?

- declining agricultural productivity - periodic crop failures and famines - harsh taxation

Count Sergei Witte helped Russian industry by

- encouraging railroad construction and steamship companies - reforming laws and protecting industries

Which of the following statements describe European trade with China in the eighteenth century?

- europeans purchase chinese silk, tea, lacquerware, and porcelain - europeans paid for their purchases with silver bullion

Which of the following statements about the Russian empire are true?

- it stretched from eastern europe to the pacific ocean - it consisted of numerous ethnic and cultural groups

national parliament created in Russia in 1905

Duma

Which of the following was the most significant territorial loss of the Ottoman empire between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Egypt

Meiji-era travelers from Japan drew inspiration from the political system of the recently unified

Germany

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by imperial soldiers aided by European advisors and weaponry

The Young Turk movement, also known as the Ottoman Society for Unity and Progress, originated in

Paris

Which of the following nations belonged to the coalition that fought a war against Russia between 1853 and 1856?

Sardinia

During the first half of the nineteenth century the Japanese became increasingly dissatisfied with their ruler, the Tokugawa ____, and his government, the bakufu.

Shogun

In its effort to suppress dissent, the tsarist government used various forms of repression, including censorship and infiltration of revolutionary groups by the secret police, as well as imprisonment or deportation to the province of ____.

Siberia

The slogan of the Self-Strengthening Movement, which sought to combine European technology with Chinese traditions, was: "Chinese learning at the base, ____ learning for use."

Western

During the early nineteenth century, Russia lost military conflicts to the Ottomans and the Chinese.

accurate

Russian defeat in the Crimean War demonstrated the weakness of an agricultural economy built on unfree labor.

accurate

The Crimean War pitted Russia against a European coalition that believed the Russians were upsetting the balance of power.

accurate

Industrialization in Japan under the Meiji restoration

concentrated power in the hands of the zaibatsu.

Kang and Liang justified the changes they proposed to the Qing government by their interpretation of

confucianism

Meiji leaders reconfigured the Japanese social structure in order to

consolidate their political power

Meiji-era travelers were particularly interested in studying countries with a(n) ______ government.

constitutional

he tsar decided to restructure Russian society after Russia's defeat in the ____ war.

crimean

The Meiji government viewed labor unions and worker strikes as

criminal acts

Japanese legislature that is composed of a house of nobles and an elected lower house

diet

The 1889 Meiji constitution established a legislature, known as the Imperial ____.

diet

The Meiji believed that the foundation of a strong nation was a strong

economy

In the early nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire effectively lost control of _____, one of the empire's most important regions, in the aftermath of a failed invasion by Napoleon.

egypt

Which of the following statements concerning the effect of industrialization on former serfs is incorrect?

emancipated serfs embraced their new roles in the factory as a welcome relief from the hardships of agricultural labor

Revolutionaries in the Baltic provinces opposed the tsarist regime primarily on ______ grounds.

ethnic

In the mid-eighteenth century, the Chinese opened up to direct trade with foreigners.

false

Which of the following is NOT a cause of the Ottoman military decline of the nineteenth century?

food shortages

After signing the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which ended the Crimean War, Tsar Alexander II did which of the following?

freed the Russian serfs

Anarchists carried out terrorist attacks as part of their opposition to all forms of

government

The Boxer rebellion led to a(n) ______ revolutionary movements.

growth in

Which of the following is true of the reign of Abdül Hamid II?

he ruled autocratically in an effort to strengthen the state

Which of the following statements about the Opium War is correct?

it demonstrated the material advantages of an industrial power over a preindustrial one

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because

it was one of the few trade goods that they could sell in China at a profit

The decline of the Ottoman military was manifested by the political intrigue and lack of discipline within its elite military corps known as the ____ .

janissaries

As part of the Russian government's reforms to reduce misconduct in various governmental branches, changes to the legal system in 1864 added trial by jury, created independent courts, and encouraged the emergence of attorneys in an effort to reduce ____ corruption.

judicial

Russian leaders refused to undertake a program of social reform after defeat in the Crimean War.

not accurate

In the early 1800s, the major British import into China shifted from silver to

opium

Which group paid a particularly high price during the early years of industrialization in Japan?

peasants

Determined to gain equality with foreign powers, a conservative coalition of daimyo, imperial princes, court nobles, and samurai formed a new government dedicated to the twin goals of

prosperity and strength

An important part of Russia's economic development at the end of the nineteenth century was large-scale ______ construction.

railway

As part of his reform efforts, Mizuno encouraged peasants to

return to the countryside

Chinese reform group that sought to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology

self-strengthening movement

All of the following were hallmarks of the Meiji government in Japan EXCEPT

significant agricultural reform

Which of the following did revolutionaries embrace in their effort to create an ideology that combined western European and traditional Russian ideas?

socialism

followers of Hong Xiuquan and his "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace" that sought the destruction of the Qing dynasty and the radical reformation of Chinese society

taipings

Which of the following was not explicitly opposed by proponents of the Taiping reform program?

the death penalty

The Meiji constitution promulgated in 1889 by the emperor gave the effective power to

the emperor

To whom did the Meiji constitution of Japan give the most power?

the emperor

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because

the japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry

The Opium War made plain the difference between

the military power of europe and china

When did the Ottoman empire suffer the most serious territorial losses?

the nineteenth century

Which of the following statements about the Boxer rebellion is not true?

the rebels very nearly defeated the foreigners' armies

All of the following caused Japanese society to be in turmoil during the nineteenth century EXCEPT

widespread government corruption

How did the Russo-Japanese war conclude in May 1905?

with destruction of the Russian navy

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights EXCEPT

women's right to sue for divorce

a group critical of Ottoman reform and reorganization that agitated for individual freedom, local autonomy, and political decentralization

young ottomans