APES Ch 1 & 20

precision is; -how close a measured value is to the actual value - how close a measured value is to repeated measurements of the same sample -a measurement -an estimation -only measured in the metric system

- how close a measured value is to repeated measurements of the same sample

most economic trends coupled with enviro. degradation indicate that as GDP increases the nation will experience a temporary increase in - per capita pollution -welfare -crime -pop. growth -school dropout rate

- per capita pollution

the process of using resources to meet the needs of both current and future generations is referred to as: -NAFTA - sustainability -preservation -remediation -environmental conscience

- sustainability

the following are examples of sustainable practices: 1)forests cut for timer are replanted 2)steel is recycled 3)plastic is disposed of in landfills because that it is less expensive than recycling -1 -2 -1&3 1 & 2 - 1,2, & 3

-1&3

if a forest is cleared at a rate of 875 acres per day, approximately how many hectares per year are being cleared? -2160 -319000 -3500 -129,000 -13000

-129,000

in most cases, which of the following are true of a country whose GDP is increasing 1) per capita wealth increases 2) pop. growth rate decreases 3) per capita solid waste generation decreases -1 -1 & 2 -2 & 3 -1 & 3 - 2

-2 & 3

the poorest ----% of the world's people consume no more than ____ % of the world's energy, paper,fish,and,meat: -20;20 -20;5 -5;20 5;35 -2;45

-20;5

___% of the world's most developed pops. consumes ___ % of the world's energy -20;58 -20;20 -10;90 -2;75 -2;95

-20;58

if every person on earth today lived with the average lifestyle of people in the united States, the land of --- earths would be required? -2 -5 -8 -10 -20

-5

if land is cleared at a rate of 456 hectares per week, approximately how many acres per year that are being cleared? -165000 -180 -9500 -66400 -58600

-58600

which of the following agreements was designed to increase economic development, but may have partially sacrificed social well-being and eviro. health -Montreal Protocol -North American Free Trade Agreement -Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species -Copenhagen Climate Conference -Kyoto Protocol

-North American Free Trade Agreement

the health of frog populations is used as an indicator of environmental health because frogs: -are exposed to the water -are amphibious -eat insects which are very low on the food chain -live in the tropics - may ingest toxins on land

-are exposed to the water

the effect of a Pfiesteria outbreak on humans is a(n): -decrease in tourism -economic loss from decreased seafood sales -decrease in recreational fishing -increase of skin sores and nausea -all of these answers are correct

-decrease in tourism -economic loss from decreased seafood sales -decrease in recreational fishing -increase of skin sores and nausea (ALL)

which of the following are environmental indicators used to show that the San Francisco Sustainability Plan is successful? -increase in the number of parks and in the number of department stores -decrease on the amount of solid waste produced and increase in the size of houses -improved air conditioning in private homes -decrease of waster water produces and increased biodiversity -all

-decrease of waster water produces and increased biodiversity

which of the following is the study of how humans allocate scarce resources: - psychology -biochemistry -economics -enviro. sci. -geology

-economics

the essentials of human survival can only be satisfied with the adequate provision of: -environmental gratification -aesthetic value -intrinsic satisfaction -ecosystem service -mono-cultures

-ecosystem service

in moving from out current economic system to a more sustainable system, which of the following inputs is likely to increase -waster -ecosystem services -consumption -energy -resource extraction

-ecosystem services

relating the goals and needs of human society with the preservation and sustainable usage of resources that provide the means to meet those goals is the study of -conservation biology -dendrology -enviro. stewardship -anthropology --ecological economics

-enviro. stewardship

environmental studies cover -ethics -policy -literature -economics -all

-ethics -policy -literature -economics

evidence of biodiversity is seen in the: -genetic variation among human populations -number of species in a region -number of ecosystems and habitats in a region -variety of nutrients available in a region -all

-genetic variation among human populations -number of species in a region -number of ecosystems and habitats in a region -variety of nutrients available in a region

a scale designed to measure the overall wealth of a nation be including the production as well as health of the pop. is known as: -gross domestic product -gross national product -genuine progress indicator -human satisfaction scale -national progress initiative

-genuine progress indicator

total world grain production has -increased fairly steadily since 1950 -dropped dramatically since 1950 -leveled off recently -increased recently -gone up and down with no overall trend

-gone up and down with no overall trend

the measure of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation in a year is defined as the : -gross domestic -product -genuine progress indicator - market equilibrium -transaction cost -externality

-gross domestic

types of spending that increase the gross domestic product include all the following except: -consumer spending -exports -government spending -imports -national investments

-imports

what is one way that GDP can fail to accurately measure the overall well-being of a country -in unhealthy societies, high health care costs can drive up GDP -GDP fails to include micro-lending activity -GDP does not take international trade into account -GDP does not include personal or business investments, only direct spending on goods -many countries don't attempt to determine their GDP

-in unhealthy societies, high health care costs can drive up GDP

the study pf environmental science differs from study of the natural sciences such as biology and chemistry because it -doesn't encourage critical thinking -isn't included in most institutions of higher learning -involves politics, law and economics -eliminates the consideration of physics -doesn't take into account the scientific process

-involves politics, law and economics

the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere -is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use -has not significantly changed in the past 200 years -is increasing in part dues to deforestation -has been decreasing since the 1800's -a and c

-is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use -is increasing in part dues to deforestation

as a general rule, nations with a higher GDP can expect to experience -lower tax rates -higher well-being -lower per capita wealth -lower per capita pollution -decrease in infrastructure

-lower per capita pollution

the intersection point on a supply and demand curve indicates -real cost -market equilibrium point for some item -the reduction point - externality -transaction costs

-market equilibrium point for some item

which of the following examples would be considered an external cost associated with the purchase of electricity from a coal fired powered plant? -the cost of constructing the plant -cost of labor -medical expenses incurred by exposure to plant's pollution -cost of advertising facility -cost of the coal being burned in the plant

-medical expenses incurred by exposure to plant's pollution

natural experiments can be done when a -natural event changes an ecosystem -volcanic eruption destroys a forest -fire sweeps through a prairie -tornado uproots a section of a forest -all

-natural event changes an ecosystem -volcanic eruption destroys a forest -fire sweeps through a prairie -tornado uproots a section of a forest

a phenomenon which has been rigorously tested and to which there are no known exceptions is called a(n); -hypothesis -induction -deduction -theory -natural law

-natural law

all of the following are considered examples of natural capital except -copper ore -potable water -wind -plastic bottles -soil

-plastic bottles

social and environmental impacts resulting from the process of micro lending by institutions such as the Grameen bank in Bangladesh can be seen in -promoting smaller family size -fostering infrastructure for developing energy -reduction of soil erosion -decrease in women's rights to plan a family -purchasing of solar panels for local communities

-purchasing of solar panels for local communities

the concept of ecological footprint is measured in terms of the amount of -resource an individual consumes daily -land area -resources an individual consumes over the course of a lifetime -resources an entire nation consumes yearly -resources an individual consumes yearly

-resources an entire nation consumes yearly

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are -concentrated near the equator -completely the product of human activity -responsible for constant temperatures near Earth's surface -causing a decrease in atmospheric temp. primarily the result of a volcanic activity

-responsible for constant temperatures near Earth's surface

in a developing nation that lacks a nation-wide electrical grid, which of the following energy sources is most likely to be an example of leapfrogging -natural gas -coal technology -biomass -solar -nuclear

-solar

new innovations in food production are -sure to find new efficient ways to produce enough food to fee the world -not keeping pace with food needs of the world -not needed to keep pace with food needs of the world -frequently the cause of soil degradation -both 2 and 4

-sure to find new efficient ways to produce enough food to fee the world -frequently the cause of soil degradation

a hypothesis is different from a belief because it is -testable -proven -the same as a theory -sensible -false

-testable

when studies are done to determine the effects of pesticides in humans, -human subjects are used to test the pesticides -the health of similar groups of people who have not been exposed to the pesticides are used as a basis for comparison -it is very difficult to find more than a single person exposed -higher primates are tested because their systems are close to those of humans -1 and 2

-the health of similar groups of people who have not been exposed to the pesticides are used as a basis for comparison

the overall state of being happy,healthy, and prosperous is known as: -well-being -minimalism -socialism -environmental stewardship -planetary world view

-well-being

# 35 w/ passage

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look on paper for graph!! #18

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Pfiesteria has many stages including a 1)carnivorous stage 2) free floating amoeba stage 3) stage that allows development of a protective casing -1 only -2 only -3 only -1 & 3 -1,2, &3

1,2, &3

the world's calculated human ecological footprint is ---% of the earth's total usable land area -40 -75 -100 -125 200

125

twenty square kilometers is equal to ____ hectares (1 hectare = 10000 m^2)

2000

five square miles is equal to ----- acres (1 square mile = 640 acres)

3200

human pop. is expected to stabilize @ ___ by the year___ -68-105 bill ; 2050 -68-105 bill;2100 -6.8-10.5 bill;2100 -6.8-10.5 bill;2150 -6.8-10.5 bill;2200

6.8-10.5 bill;2100

human pop. today is closest to...

7 billion

whenever humans engage in trade, it is known as

a market

if supply is down in the face of increasing demand, we would expect to witness

a product shortage

a good example of direct human manipulation of the natural environment is seen in -adding emissions from driving cars to the atmosphere -converting land from forest to growing crops -growing clover and wheat in a laboratory -raising goldfish in a fish tank -both 1 and 2

adding admition from driving cars to the atmosphere -converting land from forest to growing crops

natural experiments lack; -any basis for comparison - an exact replication of the experiment -similar constants -a dependent variable -all

an exact replication of the experiment

the San Francisco Sustainability Plan, adopted in 1997 -applies environmental indicators to monitor and encourage sustainable development of the city -will never be put into place -relies on consumers to create a market for Eco-friendly products -ignores the need for public education -ignores the principled of economics

applies environmental indicators to monitor and encourage sustainable development of the city

The death of a billion fish in the Neuse River of North Carolina in 1991 was caused by: -sediment -bacteria -over fishing the food source source of fish -Pfiesteria -acid rain

bacteria

sustainable development -was demonstrated on Easter island -requires resources to be saved and stored for one generation -is achieved when food is raised y the people who are eating it -balances human needs and economic development -allows for clear-cutting of trees

balances human needs and economic development

the Neuse River is considered a system because it involves: -components that influence each other irreversibly -specifically interacting biotic components that influence each other - interacting abiotic components - components that interact and influence one another through material or energy change -components that influence one another only through the water

components that interact and influence one another through material or energy change

environmental indicators: -enable scientists to accurately predict the future of an environment -describe what is causing a change in the environment -do not always describe what is causing a change in the environment -do not provide info tht is considered valuable in creating public policy -both 1 and 3

do not always describe what is causing a change in the environment

on a supply and demand graph, the point at which the amount of a good is supplied is the same as the amount of demand for that good is called

equilibrium point

the cost of a good or service that is not included in the economic price is considered an

externality

the population with the greatest ability to respond to environmental change most likely is the one with : -high genetic diversity -low genetic diversity -1 type of dominant organism - two types of dominant organisms -more animals than plants

high genetic diversity

which is a correct statement from the point of view of an environmental scientist? -human manipulation of the environment is completely acceptable in any modern society -human manipulation of the environment is outpacing the rate at which natural systems can evolve -natural systems will evolve at an appropriate rate to compensate for human manipulation -natural systems will be undamaged by human interference b/c engineering discoveries will fix the problems - adaptation and relocation are acceptable and reliable solutions for organisms that are affected by climate change

human manipulation of the environment is outpacing the rate at which natural systems can evolve

which of the following statements is/are correct:; -if more efficient automobile are built, consumption of gasoline will decrease -even though more efficient cars are uilt, consumer behavior dictates the trend in consumption of gasoline -interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are fairly easy to predict -interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are complicated to predict -2 and 4

if more efficient automobile are built, consumption of gasoline will decrease -interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are complicated to predict

dissemination of scientific results -is an essential par of the scientific process -allows for scientists to discuss results -furthers critical thinking -assists researchers in developing alternative explanations to observable phenomena -all

is an essential par of the scientific process -allows for scientists to discuss results -furthers critical thinking -assists researchers in developing alternative explanations to observable phenomena

controlled experiments in nature are different because: -it is impossible to determine what kind of conditions are needed for the experiment -large amounts of land are sometimes required to produce natural conditions -animals cannot be studied because they do not stay still -scientists do not like to do the fieldwork required -1 and 2

large amounts of land are sometimes required to produce natural conditions

a developing nation gains access to cell phone technology prior to having the infrastructure or access to basic land line technology. this is an example of -NAFTA --violation of intellectual property -leapfrogging -demographic transition -technological over wash

leapfrogging

which type of economic asset include all good and services that humans produce

manufactured capital

Pfiesteria is a: -microscopic free living organism -macroscopic algae -fungus -fish -nutrient

microscopic free living organism

the factor that enabled Pfiesteria to enter the life stage that caused fish kills in the Neuse River of N.C is that: -all Pfiesteria are dangerous to aquatic life forms -the development of a protective coat prevented the work of pesticides -over fishing caused a decrease in predators -nutrients were added to the water -drought made conditions appropriate

nutrients were added to the water

through what mechanism do producers and consumers communicate the value of an item

price

environmental justice is -the body of law that deals with environmental issues -the type of legal system that environmental lawyers use to defend nature -a social movement that works toward equal enforcement of environmental laws in poor communities -a type of legal punishment for polluters -not needed because pollution is equalably distributed around the world

social movement that works toward equal enforcement of environmental laws in poor communities

a developing nation has cell phones introduced by wealthier nations. we would say this nation has participated in -technology transfer - demographic transition -Kuznets shift -wealth exchange -societal progress pact

technology transfer

the difference between an environmentalist and an environmental science is: -negligible because both care about the Earth -that an environmentalist is involved in a social movement; whereas an environmental scientist is concerned with the methods of science -that an environmental scientist had a background in biology and chemistry; whereas, an environmentalist studies the humanities -an environmentalist is radical -an environmentalist is involved in a social movement;whereas,an environmental scientist is concerned with politics

that an environmental scientist had a background in biology and chemistry; whereas, an environmentalist studies the humanities

following are non renewable resources except: -aluminum -oil -coal -copper -timber

timber