Ch.4 Ethics & Ethical Reasoning A conception of right and wrong is:

As an additional employee benefit to promote spirituality, companies have begun to provide employees with the services of:

Chaplains.

People everywhere depend on ethical systems to tell them whether their actions are:

Right or wrong.

A conception of right and wrong is:

The definition of ethics.

In a 2010 study of 400 companies, what percentage of firms said the benefits of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act outweighed its costs?

70%

purchasing agent directing her company's orders to a firm which she received a valuable gift, is an example of:

Conflict of interest.

As business becomes increasingly global:

Cross-cultural contradictions will increase.

Cross-cultural contradictions arise due to:

Differences between home and host countries' ethical standards.

Which of the following examples best illustrate an ethics issue based on cross-cultural contradictions?

Legally marketing a pesticide abroad that has been banned in the U.S.

* Aristotle argued:

Moral virtue is a mean between two virtues.

Business executives are finding that a trusting, ethical relationship with a business partner is:

Often essential in conducting business.

* Which of the following is not true about justice reasoning?

The reasoner is interested in the net value of benefits.

People's ethical beliefs come from:

Their religious background, family, and education.

31. According to a 2009 opinion poll, Americans hold a dim view of:

Wall Street executives.

Which statement characterizes the moral reasoning typically found in a child?

"I'll let you play with my toy if I play with yours."

A bottom-line mentality in business is reflected in which statement?

"We have to beat the others at all costs."

Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, corporations are required to:

Have executives vouch for the accuracy of a firm's financial reports.

The main drawback to utilitarian reasoning is that:

It is difficulty to accurately measure both costs and benefits.

*Why should business be ethical?

Most people want to act in ways that are consistent with their own sense of right and wrong., Ethical behavior protects business firms from abuse by unethical employees and competitors.and Society's stakeholders expect it from businesses.

Under the U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines, if a firm has developed a strong ethics program, corporate executives found guilty of criminal activity may have their sentence:

Reduced

* The Sarbanes-Oxley Act:

Requires executives to pay back bonuses based on earnings that are later proved fraudulen

At the core of rights reasoning is the belief that:

Respecting others is the essence of human rights.

Businesses are expected to be ethical in their relationships with:

Stockholders, Customers and Competitors.

* Scholars found that spirituality:

Positively affects employee and organizational performance.

All of the following values are present in most ethical decisions except:

Be respectful.

A just or fair ethical decision occurs when:

Benefits and burdens are distributed equally.

* Mature adults typically base their ethical reasoning on broad principles and relationships such as:

Human rights and constitutional guarantees of human dignity. and Universal principles of justice.

* Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them:

Identify and analyze the nature of ethical problem.

* Utilitarian reasoning primarily considers:

The end results of an action.

When the benefits of an action outweigh its costs, the action is considered ethically preferred according to:

Utilitarian reasoning.

* The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:

May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information, May rank various rights in different ways and May not share the same meaning of justice.