Chapter 04: The Progressive Era

What were the 4 main goals and beliefs of progressives?

"(pg. 383) Governments should be: 1. more accountable to its citizens 2. curb the power and influence of wealthy interests 3. given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens 4. become more efficient and less corrupt so that they could competently handle an expanded role

What was Wilson's platform slogan of the 1916 election?

"He kept us out of war." (pg. 399)

What were some important federal reforms in the progressive era?

"Sherman Antitrust Act, enforced Interstate Commerce Commission given enforcement rights, Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, Women's Bureau, Children's Bureau, (supported laws to benefit women and children, national parks, 16th, 17th, and 18th amendments (Pg 391-393.)"

Who was Upton Sinclair and why was he important?

"a writer that published The Jungle, which showed the Americans the dangers and problems of how meat was made. It exposed conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. (pg. 382-384)

Susan B. Anthony

"quaker abolitionist, crusader, she founded her own temperance group, head of the National Woman Suffrage Association, and was a fighter for women/former slave's rights. campaigned hard to let schools open their doors to women and former slaves. (p.404)

Initiative

(Pg 392) Voters can put bills before the Legislature.

Referendum

(p. 392) A process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by the legislature by a direct vote.

In what ways did women find success in the suffrage movement?

(p.407) they finally got a constitutional admendment that was ratifed by every state by 1920

Who muckrakers and why were they important?

(pg 384) Muckrakers use rakes or pitch forks used to clean manure and hay out of stables, and were Journalists who alerted the public to wrong doings in politics and business

17th Amendment

(pg 394-395) Provided for the direct election of senators

Bull Moose Party

(pg 398) included tariff reduction, women's suffrage, more regulation of business, a child labor ban, an eight-hour workday, a federal workers' compensation system, and the direct election of senators. This party became a symbol of the progressive error (used to challenge the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant)

Who was Florence Kelley and why was she important?

(pg. 386-387) leader in the work for labor reform. was leader of National Consumer League spearheaded national movements to outlaw child labor and protect workers, mainly women

Who was Mother Jones and why was she important?

(pg. 387)An Irish immigrant who's family had died from yellow fever, she lost her business in the Chicago fire. She also led movements to make better the factory conditions, and became a national speaker, in 1905 she founded the IWW.

What were some of Teddy Roosevelt's policies as President?

(pgs. 393-395) The National Reclamation Act, 1902 (Created to plan and develop irrigation projects. United States Forest Service, 1905 (Created to manage the nation's water and timber resources.) Hepburn Act, 1906 (Authorized the interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad rates.) Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 (Banned interstate shipping of impure foods and deliberate mislabeling of food and drugs.) And Meat Inspection Act, 1906 (Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure sanitary conditions.)

Carrie Chapman Catt

A women suffrage leader in the early 1900's; helped secure passage of nineteenth amendment in 1920; headed National American Women Suffrage Association, NAWSA, from 1900-1904(pg. 406)

Direct Primary

An election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections. (Page 392 ) .

Why did progressives seek a more expanded role for government?

Because they believed that private charity could not do enough to improve the lives of the industrial poor. (pg 383)

What were injunctions and why were they important?

Court orders that prohibit a certain activity. Courts often issued injunctions to prevent workers from going on strike (pg. 385)

Federal Reserve Act

Created Federal Reserve System of government banks to supervise private banks and provide money supply(page 394)

What were some important issues of the day that progressivism did not address?

Didn't aid tenant and migrant farmers or nonunionized workers. little action to pursue social justice reforms. African Americans were pretty much ignored (Page 401-402)

What were some important state reforms in the progressive era?

Direct primaries, 17th Amendment, Initiative, Referendum, and Recall(pg.392)

Department of Labor

Established on March 4th, 1913. Created to promote the welfare and employment of working people. (textbook page 394)

19th Amendment

Granted women full suffrage, that means women were given the right to vote. (pg 394)

What were some important municipal (City) reforms in the progressive era?

Home rule, attacking the political bosses, cities taking over utilities, providing welfare services. (page. 390-391)

What were some of the most important reforms in the workplace?

New Child and Women labor laws were placed in an act which put rules on what they will work on and how old they have to be in order to work (p. 395) A minimum wage was established (video)

What were some the strategies of the Suffragists?

One strategie was to get a constitutional amendment to let women vote. The other strategie was to get individual states to let women vote.(pg. 404-405)

Recall

Procedure that permits voters to remove public officials from office before the next election (pg.392)

What were some of Taft's policies as President?

Protective tariff and trust busting. With the protective tariff, that passed some tariff reductions but also added some highly protective tariff increases. The trust busting was laws that helped get rid of trusts. (pg 396-398)

18th Amendment

Ratified in 1919, banned the production, sale, or import of alcoholic beverages. Not all Progressives favored Prohibition, but many thought it would protect society from the poverty and violence associated with drinking. (p395)

Pure Food and Drug Act

Required accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats.(pg 394)

Describe what happened during the Election of 1912

Roosevelt challenged Taft for the Republican presidential nomination. Then the Progressive Republicans marched out, charging Taft with fraud when he won. (pg 398)

Social Welfare Programs

The government helps ensure a minimum standard of living for people who can't afford it. (pg. 390)

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

The purpose of the Clayton Anti- Trust Act was to strengthen the Sherman antitrust act of 1890. Instead of simply making trusts illegal, as the Sherman antitrust act had done, it spelled out specific activities that big businesses could not do.(text book pg.400)

What were some of Wilson's policies as President?

Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 which reduced the average tariff rates. Clayton Antitrust Act which strengthens the Sherman Antitrust Act and legalized unions. The Federal Trade Commission was given the power to order firms to cease and desist the practice of business tactics found to be unfair. (pgs.399-400)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Was a skilled speaker and writer and a leader of the suffrage movement and was one of the women that created the National American Women Suffrage Association. (pg. 405)

How did World War I affect the women's suffrage movement?

Women had to volunteer for ambulance corps and for medical work. The arguments about womens's suffrage movements separate spheres were forgot when the war broke out(pg 406-407)

Federal Reserve System

nations central banking system, established 1913, divided country into 12 districts. Government banks were to supervise private banks and provide flexible money supply. (pg. 394)

Describe the outcome of the Election of 1912

p.399) Democrats took control control of both houses and congress. Wilson headed the democratic ticket and took the presidency.

16th Amendment

ratified in 1913, gave permission to Congress to pick up federal income taxes from people with higher incomes. (pg 395)

Alice Paul

she rose as leader during the women's suffrage movement. She took over NAWSA. Organized a parade the day before Wilson's inauguration.(pg 406)

Federal Trade Commission

was given the power to order firms to "cease and desist" the practice of buisness tactics found to be unfair. (pg. 400)