Chemistry Chapter 5
How many orbitals are in the s sublevel
1 orbital
How many electrons do the Alkali metals have
1 valance electron
How many electrons are in 27Al+3
10 electrons
How many electrons are in the d sublevel
10 electrons
What is the mass number of an element with 68 neutrons and 50 protons
118
How many protons are in 27Al+3
13 protons
How many electrons are in the f sublevel
14 electrons
How many neutrons are in 27Al+3
14 neutrons
How many neutrons does Cl have (mass #-34 protons-17)
17 neutrons
How many electrons are in K
19 electrons
How many protons are in K
19 protons
How many electrons are in He
2 electrons
How many electrons are in each orbital
2 electrons
How many electrons are in the s sublevel
2 electrons
How many protons are in He
2 protons
How many electrons do the alkaline earth metals have
2 valance electrons
How many electrons are in Ca
20 electrons
How many protons are in Ca
20 protons
How many electrons are in Fe
26 electrons
How many protons are in Fe
26 protons
How many orbitals are in the p sublevel
3 orbitals
What is the highest energy level for a gallium atom
4
How many orbitals are in the d sublevel
5 orbitals
How many electrons are in C
6 electrons
How many electrons are in the p sublevel
6 electrons
How many protons are in C
6 protons
How many orbitals are in the f sublevel
7 orbitals
How many electrons do the halogens have
7 valance electrons
How many electrons are in the second energy level of an atom
8 electrons; 2 from s and 6 from p
How many electrons do the noble gases have
8 valance electrons
Electrons fill the lowest available energy levels before going to higher ones
Aufbau Principle
Who discovered the neutron
Chadwick
two or more different elements bonded together
Compound
Who discovered the atomic theory
Dalton
Which atoms tend to be larger, atoms near Francium or near Helium
Francium
Which group makes up Halogen
Group -1
Which group makes up Noble Gases
Group 0
Which group makes up Alkali metals
Group 1
Which group makes up the noble gases
Group 18
Which group makes up the alkaline earth metals
Group 2
Which atoms tend to have higher ionization energy, atoms near Francium or near Helium
Helium
Electrons wont pair until all orbitals have on electron first
Hunds Rule
What happens to the number of valence electrons as you go across a period
Increases
Atoms of the same element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called
Isotopes
Who discovered the electron
JJ Tomson
Do metals lose or gain electrons and do they become positive or negative
Lose; Positive
Number of neutrons=
Mass number-number of protons
What are the quantum numbers for Strontium +2
N=4 L=1 Ml=1 Ms=-1/2
What element has 28 protons
Nickel
Atomic Number=
Number of protons and electrons unless there is a charge
Mass Number=
Number of protons+ number of neutrons
Only two electrons can be in each orbital but the must spin in opposite directions
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Packet of energy
Photon
What two elements fill their last electron in the 5s sublevel
Rb and Sr
Who discovered the nucleus
Rutherford
What happens to the number of valence electrons as you go down a group
Stays the same
atoms gain electrons or lose protons and the ion has a negative charge nonmetals
anion
What is the fundamental particle of an element, according to Dalton
atom
atoms lose electrons or gain protons and the ion has a positive charge metals
cation
What sublevel is being filled in the Groups 3 through 12 elements
d sublevel
Ionization Energy
down- decrease across- increase
Electronegativity
down- decreases across- increases
Atomic radius
down- increase across- decrease
Ionic Radius
down- increase across- decrease
Which atomic particle determines the chemical behavior of an atom
electron
When an electron gains energy
excited state
When an electron is in its lowest energy level
ground state
What does an atom become if it loses or gains neutrons
ions
What does an atom become if it loses or gains electrons
isotopes
s=0 p=1 d=2 f=3 (shape of electrons orbit)
l
-1, 0, 1 (direction of electrons orbits) (labeled on top of orbital diagram)
m sub l
-1/2 or 1/2 (spin of electron)
m sub s
Is calcium a metal nonmetal or metalloid
metal
Is cobalt a metal nonmetal or metalliod
metal
Is copper a metal nonmetal or metalloid
metal
number in front (main energy of an electron)
n
Is carbon a metal nonmetal or metalliod
nonmetal
ions differ by
number of electrons
isotopes differ by
number of neutrons
atoms differ by
number of protons
What does quantized mean
only occurs at discrete levels
What is the most abundant element found in the human body
oxygen
What is the most abundant element on the earth
oxygen
What sublevel is being filled in the Groups 13 through 18 elements
p sublevel
What does an atom lose or gain to become a new element
protons
What sublevel is being filled in the Groups 1 and 2 elements
s sublevel
Why are the elements that are found in groups so similar to each other, chemically
same number of valence electrons