Chapter 1 Basic Concepts About Matter

What are two general characteristic that all types of matter possess?

1. Has mass 2. Occupies space

Molecules

2 or more atoms that function as a unit because the atoms are tight bound together

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more pure substances in which the pure substance retain their identity.

homoatomic molecule

All atoms present are of the same kind

Physical properties

Are properties that can. Be onswrved w/o subtancr into another substance

Chemical properties

Are properties that matter exhibits as it undergoes or resists changes in chemical composition. ( the failure of a substance to undergo change in the presence of another substance is considered a chemical property)

Element

Cannot be broken down into simpler substances (118 elements)

Chemistry.

Chemistry is the field of study that is concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter (1-1)

Homogenous mixture

Contains only one phase, which has uniform properties throughout

Heterogenous mixture

Contains visibly different parts or phases

pure substance

Definite and constant composition

Properties of matter

Distingusing characteretic of a substancr that arebused in identification & descriotion 1. Physical 2. Chemical

What are the three aspects of matter that are of particular interest to chemist?

Gas, solid, liquid.

Types of molecules

Homoatomic and heteroatomic

physical change

Is a process that does not alter the basic nature (chemical composition) of a substance under consideration.

chemical change

Is a process that involves change in the basic nature (chemical composition) of the substance. (Conversion into one or more new substances)

Matter.

Matter, the substances of the physical universe, is any- thing that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in physical states: solid, liquid, and gas (1-2).

chemical symbol

Shorthand notation for the names of elements. Most consist of 2 letter (cap & lower case); few involve single letter.

heteroatomic molecule

Two or more different kinds of atoms are present (pure substance that contain heteroatomic molecules = must be compound)

Chemical formula

Used to specify compound composition in a concise manner. Consist of symbols of element sleep and numerical subscripts (right of each symbol) that indicate the right number of each element present in the molecule of the compound.

Compound

Yield 2+. Simpler substances when broken down

Classify each of the following as matter or energy (nonmatter): a. Air b. Cake c. Heat d. Water

a. Air - matter b. Cake- matter c. Heat- energy d. Water- matter

Indicate whether each of the following substances does or does not take the shape of its container and also whether it has definite volume. a. Aluminum powder- def. volume; takes shape b. Carbon dioxide gas c. Clean air d. Gasoline

a. Aluminum powder- def. volume; takes shape b. Carbon dioxide gas- indefinite volume; no shape c. Clean air- definite volume; take shape d. Gasoline- definite volume; take shape

Indicate whether each of the following substances does or does not take the shape of its container and also whether it has definite volume. a. Copper wire b. Oxygen gas c. Granulated sugar d. Liquid water

a. Copper wire- definite volume; take shape b. Oxygen gas- indefinite shape; no shape c. Granulated sugar- definite volume; take shape d. Liquid water- definite volume; take shape

What physical characteristic distinguishes? a. Liquids & Solids b. Gases & Liquids

a. Liquids & Solids - definite volume b. Gases & Liquids- indefinite shape

Types of mixtures

heterogenous and homogenous