Chapter 1 Connect

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, when does resistance ensue?

Resistance ensues if continued exposure to the stressor is compatible with adaptation.

The combination of a stressor, stress reactivity, and strain is known as

Stress

Social Support Theory

Stress occurring when there isn't enough social support available to respond to the event effectively. Helps you cope with the event and therefore decreases your level of stress

Life-Events Theory

Stress occurs when a situation requires more resources than are available

The response

definition of stress reactivity and strain

Gender Differences in Reactivity

females tend to exhibit nurturing activities designed to protect themselves and others in coping with stress. "Tend-and-befriend" using social groups more than men. Males tend to exhibit more of a flight-or-fight response to stress.

Walter Cannon was the researcher who first identified stress reactions as the _____.

fight-or-flight response

Stressors

something with the potential to cause a stress reaction. A stimulus that has the potential to trigger a flight or fight response

Distress

stress that results in negative consequences such as decreased performance growth. (ex. death of a loved one)

Eustress

stress that results in positive consequences such as enhanced performance or personal growth. (ex. job promotion)

Allostatic Load

the cumulative biological wear and tear that results from responses to stress that seek to maintain body equilibrium.

Which of the following is a psychological stressor?

threats to self-esteem, depression

Which of the following is a environmental stressor?

toxins, heat, cold

Which of the following is a Sociological stressor?

unemployment, death of a loved one

Which of the following is a philosophical stressor?

use of time, purpose in life

Phase 1: Alarm Reaction

Body shows the changes characteristic of the first exposure to a stressor. At the same time, its resistance is diminished and, if the stressor is sufficiently strong (severe burns, extreme temp.) death may result

the whole spectrum of interacting factors

this is lazarus's definition

Hans Selye termed the stress reactivity process as the _____.

General Adaptation Syndrome

True or false: According to Hans Selye, eustress and distress are both experienced the same physiologically.

TRUE

Strains

the outcomes of stress reactivity (physical, psychological, behavioral)

In the context of Hans Selye's experiment on the physiological response to stress, identify the bodily changes observed in the rats exposed to stressors. (Check all that apply.)

1. An almost total disappearance of eosinophil cells 2. A substantial enlargement of the cortex of the adrenal glands 3. Bleeding ulcers in the lining of the stomach and duodenum

Which of the following are true of the stress theory developed by Holmes and Rahe? (Select all that apply.)

1. Stress occurs when a situation requires more resources than are available. 2. Stress increases when there are more frequent disturbing life events.

Which of the following is a behavioral strain?

Alcohol Abuse and getting into fights

Which among the following statements best describes the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

During this phase, the body shows the changes characteristic of the first exposure to a stressor.

Phase 2: Stage of Resistance

Ensues if continued exposure to the stressor is compatible with adaptation. The bodily signs characteristic of the alarm reaction have virtually disappeared, and resistance rises above normal.

Which of the following is a physcological strain?

Fears (Agoraphobia)

Phase 3: Stage of Exhauston

Following long-continued exposure to the same stressor, to which the body has become adjusted, eventually adaptation energy is exhausted. The signs of the alarm reaction reappear, but now they are irreversible, and the person dies.

Buffering between stress and the development of illness and disease is termed _____.

Hardiness

What was A. T. W. Simeons's view on the relationship between the development of the human brain and stress?

He believed that the human brain had failed to develop at the pace needed to respond to symbolic stressors of twentieth-century life.

Which among the following statements best describes the fight-or-flight response?

It refers to the body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.

According to A. T. W. Simeons, what happens when the human body prepares itself physiologically to act during a stressful situation but is inhibited psychologically?

The unused stress products break down the body.

Progressive Relaxation

a relaxation technique involving contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body; also called neuromuscular relaxation or Jacobsonian relaxation.

Autogenic Training

a relaxation technique that involves imagining one's limbs to be heavy, warm, and tingling.

According to Kobasa, if people perceive potentially stressful events as a _____, less stress will result.

challenge instead as of a threat

Stress management goals

is not to eliminate all stress but to limit the harmful effects of stress while maintaining lifes quality and vitality

The goal of stress management is to _____.

limit the harmful effects of stress

Hans Selye defined stress as the _____.

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it

Which of the following is a physical strain?

tension headaches and backaches

Hans Selye conducted a detailed study on the physiological response to stress by exposing rats to stressors and concluded that _____.

the body reacted in the same manner regardless of the source of the stress

flight or fight response (Stress Reactivity)

the body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.

Relaxation Response

the physiological state achieved when one is relaxed; the opposite of the stress reaction; also called the trophotropic response.

Jeremiah experiences stress after he loses his friend in an accident. Sam, who is Jeremiah's neighbor, provides him emotional support to overcome the grief. Which among the following theories of stress is best illustrated in this scenario?

Social support theory

What is the rationale of the theory of stress developed by Holmes and Rahe?

The frequency of stressful experiences determines the level of stress.

Hardiness Theory

focuses not on how many stressful events you experience but on your attitude toward those events

General Adaptation Syndrome

the three stages of stress reaction described by Hans Selye. (Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion)

The Stimulus

definition of stressor